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Slugs of Britain & Ireland
TEST VERSION 2013 SLUGS OF BRITAIN & IRELAND (Short test version, pages 18-37 only) By Ben Rowson, James Turner, Roy Anderson & Bill Symondson PRODUCED BY FSC 2013. TEXT AND PHOTOS © NATIONAL MUSEUM OF WALES 2013 External features of slugs Tail Mantle Head Keel Tubercles Lateral bands Genital pore Identification of Slugs Identification Tentacles. Breathing pore (pneumostome) Keel Eyes Variations in lateral banding Mantle markings and ridges Broken lateral bands Mouth Solid lateral bands Sole (underside of foot) Mantle. Note texture and presence of grooves and ridges, as Tubercles. Note whether numerous and small/fine vs. few and well as any markings and banding. large/coarse. Pigment may be present in the grooves between tubercles. Tentacles. Note colour. Slugs may need to be handled or disturbed to extend tentacles. Keel (raised ridge). Note length and whether truncated at the tip of tail. Beware markings that may exaggerate or obscure the Breathing pore (pneumostome). length of keel. On right-hand side of body. Note whether rim is noticeably paler or darker than body sides. Sole (underside of foot). Note colour and any patterning. The sole in most slugs is tripartite i.e. there are three fields running Lateral bands. Note whether present on mantle and/or tail. in parallel the length of the animal. Is the central field a different Note also intensity, whether broad or narrow, and whether high shade from the lateral fields or low on body side. Shell Dorsal grooves. In Testacellidae, note wheth- Mucus pore. er the two grooves meet in front of the shell or Present only in Arionidae underneath it. -
Shell Morphology, Radula and Genital Structures of New Invasive Giant African Land
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.16.877977; this version posted December 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Shell Morphology, Radula and Genital Structures of New Invasive Giant African Land 2 Snail Species, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822,Achatina albopicta E.A. Smith (1878) and 3 Achatina reticulata Pfeiffer 1845 (Gastropoda:Achatinidae) in Southwest Nigeria 4 5 6 7 8 9 Alexander B. Odaibo1 and Suraj O. Olayinka2 10 11 1,2Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 12 13 Corresponding author: Alexander B. Odaibo 14 E.mail :[email protected] (AB) 15 16 17 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.16.877977; this version posted December 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 19 Abstract 20 The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the shell, radula and genital 21 structures of 3 new invasive species, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822,Achatina albopicta E.A. 22 Smith (1878) and Achatina reticulata Pfeiffer, 1845 collected from southwestern Nigeria and to 23 determine features that would be of importance in the identification of these invasive species in 24 Nigeria. -
Emergence of Third-Stage Larvae of Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis from Three Gastropod Intermediate Host Species
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 8-2000 Emergence of Third-Stage Larvae of Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis from Three Gastropod Intermediate Host Species Susan K. Kutz Western College of Veterinary Medicine Eric P. Hoberg United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, [email protected] Lydden Polley Western College of Veterinary Medicine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Kutz, Susan K.; Hoberg, Eric P.; and Polley, Lydden, "Emergence of Third-Stage Larvae of Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis from Three Gastropod Intermediate Host Species" (2000). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 334. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/334 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Parasitol., 86(4), 2000, p. 743±749 q American Society of Parasitologists 2000 EMERGENCE OF THIRD-STAGE LARVAE OF UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS PALLIKUUKENSIS FROM THREE GASTROPOD INTERMEDIATE HOST SPECIES S. J. Kutz, E. P. Hoberg*, and L. Polley Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4 ABSTRACT: We investigated the emergence of third-stage larvae (L3) of Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis from the slugs Deroceras laeve, Deroceras reticulatum, and the snail Catinella sp. -
The Slugs of Britain and Ireland: Undetected and Undescribed Species Increase a Well-Studied, Economically Important Fauna by More Than 20%
The Slugs of Britain and Ireland: Undetected and Undescribed Species Increase a Well-Studied, Economically Important Fauna by More Than 20% Ben Rowson1*, Roy Anderson2, James A. Turner1, William O. C. Symondson3 1 National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, 2 Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, 3 Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom Abstract The slugs of Britain and Ireland form a well-studied fauna of economic importance. They include many widespread European species that are introduced elsewhere (at least half of the 36 currently recorded British species are established in North America, for example). To test the contention that the British and Irish fauna consists of 36 species, and to verify the identity of each, a species delimitation study was conducted based on a geographically wide survey. Comparisons between mitochondrial DNA (COI, 16S), nuclear DNA (ITS-1) and morphology were investigated with reference to interspecific hybridisation. Species delimitation of the fauna produced a primary species hypothesis of 47 putative species. This was refined to a secondary species hypothesis of 44 species by integration with morphological and other data. Thirty six of these correspond to the known fauna (two species in Arion subgenus Carinarion were scarcely distinct and Arion (Mesarion) subfuscus consisted of two near-cryptic species). However, by the same criteria a further eight previously undetected species (22% of the fauna) are established in Britain and/or Ireland. Although overlooked, none are strictly morphologically cryptic, and some appear previously undescribed. Most of the additional species are probably accidentally introduced, and several are already widespread in Britain and Ireland (and thus perhaps elsewhere). -
The Slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Milacidae, Agriolimacidae
POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII ANNALES ZOOLOGICI Tom 37 Warszawa, 20 X 1983 Nr 3 A n d rzej W ik t o r The slugs of Bulgaria (A rionidae , M ilacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae — G astropoda , Stylommatophora) [With 118 text-figures and 31 maps] Abstract. All previously known Bulgarian slugs from the Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae families have been discussed in this paper. It is based on many years of individual field research, examination of all accessible private and museum collections as well as on critical analysis of the published data. The taxa from families to species are sup plied with synonymy, descriptions of external morphology, anatomy, bionomics, distribution and all records from Bulgaria. It also includes the original key to all species. The illustrative material comprises 118 drawings, including 116 made by the author, and maps of localities on UTM grid. The occurrence of 37 slug species was ascertained, including 1 species (Tandonia pirinia- na) which is quite new for scientists. The occurrence of other 4 species known from publications could not bo established. Basing on the variety of slug fauna two zoogeographical limits were indicated. One separating the Stara Pianina Mountains from south-western massifs (Pirin, Rila, Rodopi, Vitosha. Mountains), the other running across the range of Stara Pianina in the^area of Shipka pass. INTRODUCTION Like other Balkan countries, Bulgaria is an area of Palearctic especially interesting in respect to malacofauna. So far little investigation has been carried out on molluscs of that country and very few papers on slugs (mostly contributions) were published. The papers by B a b o r (1898) and J u r in ić (1906) are the oldest ones. -
Predatory Poiretia (Stylommatophora, Oleacinidae) Snails: Histology and Observations
Vita Malacologica 13: 35-48 20 December 2015 Predatory Poiretia (Stylommatophora, Oleacinidae) snails: histology and observations Renate A. HELWERDA Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands email: [email protected] Key words: Predation, predatory snails, drilling holes, radula, pedal gland, sole gland, acidic mucus ABSTRACT The Mediterranean species occur in rather dry, often rocky habitats, which are openly to sparsely vegetated. The predatory behaviour of Poiretia snails is studied. One However, they also occur in anthropogenically affected areas aspect of this behaviour is the ability to make holes in the such as gardens and parks (Kittel, 1997). The snails are main - shells of prey snails. The radula and the histology of the ly active at night and are hidden away under rocks and leaf mucous glands support the assumption that Poiretia secretes litter during the day, although they can also be found crawling acidic mucus to produce these holes. Observation of a around during daytime if the weather is rainy or cloudy and Poiretia compressa (Mousson, 1859) specimen yielded the moist (Wagner, 1952; Maassen, 1977; Kittel, 1997). During insight that its activities relied on the availability of moisture the hot summer months, Poiretia snails aestivate by burying and not on light conditions. It preyed on a wide range of snail themselves in soil or under rocks and sealing their apertures species, but only produced holes in shells when the aperture with an epiphragm (Kittel, 1997). was blocked. It usually stabbed its prey with a quick motion Poiretia snails prey on a wide variety of pulmonate snails. -
BRYOLOGICAL INTERACTION-Chapter 4-6
65 CHAPTER 4-6 INVERTEBRATES: MOLLUSKS Figure 1. Slug on a Fissidens species. Photo by Janice Glime. Mollusca – Mollusks Glistening trails of pearly mucous criss-cross mats and also seemed to be a preferred food. Perhaps we need to turfs of green, signalling the passing of snails and slugs on searach at night when the snails and slugs are more active. the low-growing bryophytes (Figure 1). In California, the white desert snail Eremarionta immaculata is more common on lichens and mosses than on other plant detritus and rocks (Wiesenborn 2003). Wiesenborn suggested that the snails might find more food and moisture there. Are these mollusks simply travelling from one place to another across the moist moss surface, or do they have a more dastardly purpose for traversing these miniature forests? Quantitative information on snails and slugs among bryophytes is scarce, and often only mentions that bryophytes are abundant in the habitat (e.g. Nekola 2002), but we might be able to glean some information from a study by Grime and Blythe (1969). In collections totalling 82.4 g of moss, they examined snail populations in a 0.75 m2 plot each morning on 7, 8, 9, & 12 September 1966. The copse snail, Arianta arbustorum (Figure 2), numbered 0, 7, 2, and 6 on those days, respectively, with weights of Figure 2. The copse snail, Arianta arbustorum, in 0.0, 8.5, 2.4, & 7.3 per 100 g dry mass of moss. They were Stockholm, Sweden. Photo by Håkan Svensson through most abundant on the stinging nettle, Urtica dioica, which Wikimedia Commons. -
Fauna of New Zealand Ko Te Aitanga Pepeke O Aotearoa
aua o ew eaa Ko te Aiaga eeke o Aoeaoa IEEAE SYSEMAICS AISOY GOU EESEAIES O ACAE ESEAC ema acae eseac ico Agicuue & Sciece Cee P O o 9 ico ew eaa K Cosy a M-C aiièe acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa EESEAIE O UIESIIES M Emeso eame o Eomoogy & Aima Ecoogy PO o ico Uiesiy ew eaa EESEAIE O MUSEUMS M ama aua Eiome eame Museum o ew eaa e aa ogaewa O o 7 Weigo ew eaa EESEAIE O OESEAS ISIUIOS awece CSIO iisio o Eomoogy GO o 17 Caea Ciy AC 1 Ausaia SEIES EIO AUA O EW EAA M C ua (ecease ue 199 acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 38 Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mousca Gasooa Gay M ake acae eseac iae ag 317 amio ew eaa 4 Maaaki Whenua Ρ Ε S S ico Caeuy ew eaa 1999 Coyig © acae eseac ew eaa 1999 o a o is wok coee y coyig may e eouce o coie i ay om o y ay meas (gaic eecoic o mecaica icuig oocoyig ecoig aig iomaio eiea sysems o oewise wiou e wie emissio o e uise Caaoguig i uicaio AKE G Μ (Gay Micae 195— auase eesia Syommaooa (Mousca Gasooa / G Μ ake — ico Caeuy Maaaki Weua ess 1999 (aua o ew eaa ISS 111-533 ; o 3 IS -7-93-5 I ie 11 Seies UC 593(931 eae o uIicaio y e seies eio (a comee y eo Cosy usig comue-ase e ocessig ayou scaig a iig a acae eseac M Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Māoi summay e y aco uaau Cosuas Weigo uise y Maaaki Weua ess acae eseac O o ico Caeuy Wesie //wwwmwessco/ ie y G i Weigo o coe eoceas eicuaum (ue a eigo oaa (owe (IIusao G M ake oucio o e coou Iaes was ue y e ew eaIa oey oa ue oeies eseac -
Snail Production in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: Technologies, Productivity and Enhancement Measures
SNAIL PRODUCTION IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA: TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTIVITY AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES BY SUWARI, GOD’STIME SAMUEL PG/Ph.D/04/35563 DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION (AGRICULTURAL UNIT) UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA SUPERVISOR: DR. R.O. MAMA OCTOBER, 2010. 2 TITLE PAGE SNAIL PRODUCTION IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA: TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTIVITY AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES BY SUWARI, GOD’STIME SAMUEL PG/Ph.D/04/35563 A THESIS REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA; IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF Ph.D DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION SUPERVISOR: DR. R.O. MAMA OCTOBER, 2010. 2 3 APPROVAL PAGE This thesis has been approved for the Department of Vocational Teacher Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. By ………………………….. ………………………… Dr. R.O. Mama (Supervisor) Internal Examiner ………………………… ………………………. Prof. E.E. Agomuo External Examiner (Head of Department) …………………………… Prof. S.A. Ezeudu (Dean, Faculty of Education) 3 4 CERTIFICATION SUWARI, GOD’STIME SAMUEL, a postgraduate student in the Department of Vocational Teacher Education (Agriculture) with Registration Number PG/Ph.D/04/35563, has satisfactorily completed the requirements for the research work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Education. The work embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted in part or full for any Diploma or Degree of this University or any other University. ………………………………….. ……………………… SUWARI, GOD’STIME SAMUEL DR. R.O. MAMA Student Supervisor 4 5 DEDICATION To: Almighty God from whom mercy, knowledge, wisdom and understanding come and who has made me what I am today. 5 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researcher wishes to express his profound gratitude to the project supervisor, Dr. -
Distribution of Angiostrongylus Vasorum and Its
Aziz et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:56 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1338-3 RESEARCH Open Access Distribution of Angiostrongylus vasorum and its gastropod intermediate hosts along the rural–urban gradient in two cities in the United Kingdom, using real time PCR Nor Azlina A. Aziz1,2*, Elizabeth Daly1, Simon Allen1,3, Ben Rowson4, Carolyn Greig3, Dan Forman3 and Eric R. Morgan1 Abstract Background: Angiostrongylus vasorum is a highly pathogenic metastrongylid nematode affecting dogs, which uses gastropod molluscs as intermediate hosts. The geographical distribution of the parasite appears to be heterogeneous or patchy and understanding of the factors underlying this heterogeneity is limited. In this study, we compared the species of gastropod present and the prevalence of A. vasorum along a rural–urban gradient in two cities in the south-west United Kingdom. Methods: The study was conducted in Swansea in south Wales (a known endemic hotspot for A. vasorum) and Bristol in south-west England (where reported cases are rare). In each location, slugs were sampled from nine sites across three broad habitat types (urban, suburban and rural). A total of 180 slugs were collected in Swansea in autumn 2012 and 338 in Bristol in summer 2014. A 10 mg sample of foot tissue was tested for the presence of A. vasorum by amplification of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) using a previously validated real-time PCR assay. Results: There was a significant difference in the prevalence of A. vasorum in slugs between cities: 29.4 % in Swansea and 0.3 % in Bristol. In Swansea, prevalence was higher in suburban than in rural and urban areas. -
Husbandry of the Carnivorous Land Snail, Powelliphanta Augusta (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Rhytdidae)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchArchive at Victoria University of Wellington Husbandry of the Carnivorous Land Snail, Powelliphanta augusta (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Rhytdidae) By Thomas Edward Allan A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecological Restoration Victoria University of Wellington 2010 1 Abstract Key aspects of the captive husbandry of Powelliphanta augusta, a newly-described New Zealand land snail are investigated: how they should be managed and fed to provide individuals for release, and how a long-term captive population can be maintained as an insurance against extinction in the wild. This project arises from almost all members of this species having been brought into captivity due to their displacement in the wild by an opencast coalmine. Powelliphanta (F: Rhytididae) is a genus of endemic carnivorous snails, which includes 10 species, 27 subspecies and numerous undescribed taxa. As well as its diversity, Powelliphanta is renowned for the large size of its members (up to 90mm diameter) and their attractively-patterned shells. Most taxa are threatened due to habitat loss and predation by introduced mammalian predators. The study commences with a literature review to refine husbandry methods and to assess requirements for captive breeding of snails. From this review investigations are made into stocking densities, substrate, reproductive biology, body condition and growth of the P. augusta captive population. To determine an appropriate stocking density for P. augusta groups of six snails were kept at two densities; with either 720cm2, or 1440cm2 per group. -
Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L
EENY-494 Terrestrial Slugs of Florida (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L. Capinera2 Introduction Florida has only a few terrestrial slug species that are native (indigenous), but some non-native (nonindigenous) species have successfully established here. Many interceptions of slugs are made by quarantine inspectors (Robinson 1999), including species not yet found in the United States or restricted to areas of North America other than Florida. In addition to the many potential invasive slugs originating in temperate climates such as Europe, the traditional source of invasive molluscs for the US, Florida is also quite susceptible to invasion by slugs from warmer climates. Indeed, most of the invaders that have established here are warm-weather or tropical species. Following is a discus- sion of the situation in Florida, including problems with Figure 1. Lateral view of slug showing the breathing pore (pneumostome) open. When closed, the pore can be difficult to locate. slug identification and taxonomy, as well as the behavior, Note that there are two pairs of tentacles, with the larger, upper pair ecology, and management of slugs. bearing visual organs. Credits: Lyle J. Buss, UF/IFAS Biology as nocturnal activity and dwelling mostly in sheltered Slugs are snails without a visible shell (some have an environments. Slugs also reduce water loss by opening their internal shell and a few have a greatly reduced external breathing pore (pneumostome) only periodically instead of shell). The slug life-form (with a reduced or invisible shell) having it open continuously. Slugs produce mucus (slime), has evolved a number of times in different snail families, which allows them to adhere to the substrate and provides but this shell-free body form has imparted similar behavior some protection against abrasion, but some mucus also and physiology in all species of slugs.