Distribution of Angiostrongylus Vasorum and Its
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Slugs of Britain & Ireland
TEST VERSION 2013 SLUGS OF BRITAIN & IRELAND (Short test version, pages 18-37 only) By Ben Rowson, James Turner, Roy Anderson & Bill Symondson PRODUCED BY FSC 2013. TEXT AND PHOTOS © NATIONAL MUSEUM OF WALES 2013 External features of slugs Tail Mantle Head Keel Tubercles Lateral bands Genital pore Identification of Slugs Identification Tentacles. Breathing pore (pneumostome) Keel Eyes Variations in lateral banding Mantle markings and ridges Broken lateral bands Mouth Solid lateral bands Sole (underside of foot) Mantle. Note texture and presence of grooves and ridges, as Tubercles. Note whether numerous and small/fine vs. few and well as any markings and banding. large/coarse. Pigment may be present in the grooves between tubercles. Tentacles. Note colour. Slugs may need to be handled or disturbed to extend tentacles. Keel (raised ridge). Note length and whether truncated at the tip of tail. Beware markings that may exaggerate or obscure the Breathing pore (pneumostome). length of keel. On right-hand side of body. Note whether rim is noticeably paler or darker than body sides. Sole (underside of foot). Note colour and any patterning. The sole in most slugs is tripartite i.e. there are three fields running Lateral bands. Note whether present on mantle and/or tail. in parallel the length of the animal. Is the central field a different Note also intensity, whether broad or narrow, and whether high shade from the lateral fields or low on body side. Shell Dorsal grooves. In Testacellidae, note wheth- Mucus pore. er the two grooves meet in front of the shell or Present only in Arionidae underneath it. -
The Slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Milacidae, Agriolimacidae
POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII ANNALES ZOOLOGICI Tom 37 Warszawa, 20 X 1983 Nr 3 A n d rzej W ik t o r The slugs of Bulgaria (A rionidae , M ilacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae — G astropoda , Stylommatophora) [With 118 text-figures and 31 maps] Abstract. All previously known Bulgarian slugs from the Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae families have been discussed in this paper. It is based on many years of individual field research, examination of all accessible private and museum collections as well as on critical analysis of the published data. The taxa from families to species are sup plied with synonymy, descriptions of external morphology, anatomy, bionomics, distribution and all records from Bulgaria. It also includes the original key to all species. The illustrative material comprises 118 drawings, including 116 made by the author, and maps of localities on UTM grid. The occurrence of 37 slug species was ascertained, including 1 species (Tandonia pirinia- na) which is quite new for scientists. The occurrence of other 4 species known from publications could not bo established. Basing on the variety of slug fauna two zoogeographical limits were indicated. One separating the Stara Pianina Mountains from south-western massifs (Pirin, Rila, Rodopi, Vitosha. Mountains), the other running across the range of Stara Pianina in the^area of Shipka pass. INTRODUCTION Like other Balkan countries, Bulgaria is an area of Palearctic especially interesting in respect to malacofauna. So far little investigation has been carried out on molluscs of that country and very few papers on slugs (mostly contributions) were published. The papers by B a b o r (1898) and J u r in ić (1906) are the oldest ones. -
BRYOLOGICAL INTERACTION-Chapter 4-6
65 CHAPTER 4-6 INVERTEBRATES: MOLLUSKS Figure 1. Slug on a Fissidens species. Photo by Janice Glime. Mollusca – Mollusks Glistening trails of pearly mucous criss-cross mats and also seemed to be a preferred food. Perhaps we need to turfs of green, signalling the passing of snails and slugs on searach at night when the snails and slugs are more active. the low-growing bryophytes (Figure 1). In California, the white desert snail Eremarionta immaculata is more common on lichens and mosses than on other plant detritus and rocks (Wiesenborn 2003). Wiesenborn suggested that the snails might find more food and moisture there. Are these mollusks simply travelling from one place to another across the moist moss surface, or do they have a more dastardly purpose for traversing these miniature forests? Quantitative information on snails and slugs among bryophytes is scarce, and often only mentions that bryophytes are abundant in the habitat (e.g. Nekola 2002), but we might be able to glean some information from a study by Grime and Blythe (1969). In collections totalling 82.4 g of moss, they examined snail populations in a 0.75 m2 plot each morning on 7, 8, 9, & 12 September 1966. The copse snail, Arianta arbustorum (Figure 2), numbered 0, 7, 2, and 6 on those days, respectively, with weights of Figure 2. The copse snail, Arianta arbustorum, in 0.0, 8.5, 2.4, & 7.3 per 100 g dry mass of moss. They were Stockholm, Sweden. Photo by Håkan Svensson through most abundant on the stinging nettle, Urtica dioica, which Wikimedia Commons. -
Habitat Characteristics As Potential Drivers of the Angiostrongylus Daskalovi Infection in European Badger (Meles Meles) Populations
pathogens Article Habitat Characteristics as Potential Drivers of the Angiostrongylus daskalovi Infection in European Badger (Meles meles) Populations Eszter Nagy 1, Ildikó Benedek 2, Attila Zsolnai 2 , Tibor Halász 3,4, Ágnes Csivincsik 3,5, Virág Ács 3 , Gábor Nagy 3,5,* and Tamás Tari 1 1 Institute of Wildlife Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, Hungary; [email protected] (E.N.); [email protected] (T.T.) 2 Institute of Animal Breeding, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (A.Z.) 3 Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; [email protected] (T.H.); [email protected] (Á.C.); [email protected] (V.Á.) 4 Somogy County Forest Management and Wood Industry Share Co., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary 5 One Health Working Group, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: From 2016 to 2020, an investigation was carried out to identify the rate of Angiostrongylus spp. infections in European badgers in Hungary. During the study, the hearts and lungs of 50 animals were dissected in order to collect adult worms, the morphometrical characteristics of which were used Citation: Nagy, E.; Benedek, I.; for species identification. PCR amplification and an 18S rDNA-sequencing analysis were also carried Zsolnai, A.; Halász, T.; Csivincsik, Á.; out. -
Fauna of New Zealand Ko Te Aitanga Pepeke O Aotearoa
aua o ew eaa Ko te Aiaga eeke o Aoeaoa IEEAE SYSEMAICS AISOY GOU EESEAIES O ACAE ESEAC ema acae eseac ico Agicuue & Sciece Cee P O o 9 ico ew eaa K Cosy a M-C aiièe acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa EESEAIE O UIESIIES M Emeso eame o Eomoogy & Aima Ecoogy PO o ico Uiesiy ew eaa EESEAIE O MUSEUMS M ama aua Eiome eame Museum o ew eaa e aa ogaewa O o 7 Weigo ew eaa EESEAIE O OESEAS ISIUIOS awece CSIO iisio o Eomoogy GO o 17 Caea Ciy AC 1 Ausaia SEIES EIO AUA O EW EAA M C ua (ecease ue 199 acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 38 Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mousca Gasooa Gay M ake acae eseac iae ag 317 amio ew eaa 4 Maaaki Whenua Ρ Ε S S ico Caeuy ew eaa 1999 Coyig © acae eseac ew eaa 1999 o a o is wok coee y coyig may e eouce o coie i ay om o y ay meas (gaic eecoic o mecaica icuig oocoyig ecoig aig iomaio eiea sysems o oewise wiou e wie emissio o e uise Caaoguig i uicaio AKE G Μ (Gay Micae 195— auase eesia Syommaooa (Mousca Gasooa / G Μ ake — ico Caeuy Maaaki Weua ess 1999 (aua o ew eaa ISS 111-533 ; o 3 IS -7-93-5 I ie 11 Seies UC 593(931 eae o uIicaio y e seies eio (a comee y eo Cosy usig comue-ase e ocessig ayou scaig a iig a acae eseac M Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Māoi summay e y aco uaau Cosuas Weigo uise y Maaaki Weua ess acae eseac O o ico Caeuy Wesie //wwwmwessco/ ie y G i Weigo o coe eoceas eicuaum (ue a eigo oaa (owe (IIusao G M ake oucio o e coou Iaes was ue y e ew eaIa oey oa ue oeies eseac -
Angiostrongylus Vasorum : Endemic in the Netherlands?
Angiostrongylus vasorum : endemic in the Netherlands? Research Project Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Angelique van de Sande, 0148539 Supervisor: drs. Deborah van Doorn Utrecht, April 2008 Angiostrongylus vasorum : endemic in the Netherlands? Table of contents Abstract.................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Life cycle and intermediate hosts........................................................................................................ 3 Symptoms and clinical signs ............................................................................................................... 4 Diagnosis, therapy and prognosis....................................................................................................... 5 Geographic distribution ....................................................................................................................... 6 Aim ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Materials and methods ............................................................................................................................ 8 Study population................................................................................................................................. -
Genetic Characterization of Angiostrongylus
Genetic Characterization of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis Isolates from Different Regions of Ecuador Introduction The genetic aspects of this parasite Detection and Identification. En Methods Invasive Snails and an Emerging Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 90(5), 605-609. Thiengo, S. C., de Oliveira Simões, R., Fernandez, Caracterización Genética de Angiostrongylus Cantonensis have been explored in a systematic and in Microbiology (Vol. 42, pp. 525-554). Infectious Disease: Results from the First https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761995 M. A., & Júnior, A. M. (2013). phylogenic way. The sequences of Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim. National Survey on Angiostrongylus 000500011 Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Rat Angiostrongylus cantonensis was first 2015.06.004 cantonensis in China. PLOS Neglected Lungworm Disease in Brazil. Hawai’i Aislados de Diferentes Regiones de Ecuador described in rats in Guangzhou (Canton), nuclear and mitochondrial genes have Tropical Diseases, 3(2), e368. Pincay, T., García, L., Narváez, E., Decker, O., Journal of Medicine & Public Health, Luis Solórzano Alava 1, Cesar Bedoya Pilozo 2, Hilda Hernández Alvarez 3, Misladys Rodriguez 4, Lazara Rojas Rivero5, Francisco Sánchez China, in 1935 (Chen, 1935). This been used for molecular differentiation Galtier, N., Nabholz, B., Glémin, S., & Hurst, G. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000 Martini, L., & Moreira, J. (2009). 72(6 Suppl 2), 18-22. Amador 6, Marcelo Muñoz Naranjo 7, Cecibel Ramirez 8, Rita Loja Chango 9, José Pizarro Velastegui 10, Alessandra Loureiro Morasutti 11 nematode also infects humans and is the and phylogenetic analyzes of D. D. (2009). Mitochondrial DNA as a 368 Angiostrongiliasis por Parastrongylus INFORMACIÓN DEL Abstract main cause of eosinophilic Angiostrongylus species (Galtier et al., marker of molecular diversity: A (Angiostrongylus) cantonensis en Tokiwa, T., Harunari, T., Tanikawa, T., Komatsu, ARTÍCULO reappraisal. -
Impact of Dietary Diversification on Invasive Slugs and Biological Control with Notes on Slug Species of Kentucky
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 IMPACT OF DIETARY DIVERSIFICATION ON INVASIVE SLUGS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WITH NOTES ON SLUG SPECIES OF KENTUCKY Anna K. Thomas University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Thomas, Anna K., "IMPACT OF DIETARY DIVERSIFICATION ON INVASIVE SLUGS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WITH NOTES ON SLUG SPECIES OF KENTUCKY" (2010). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 35. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/35 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF THESIS IMPACT OF DIETARY DIVERSIFICATION ON INVASIVE SLUGS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WITH NOTES ON SLUG SPECIES OF KENTUCKY Increasing introductions of non-native terrestrial slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) are a concern to North American regulatory agencies as these generalists impact the yield and reduce the aesthetic value of crop plants. Understanding how the increase in diversification in North American cropping systems affects non-native gastropods and finding effective biological control options are imperative for pest management; however, little research has been done in this area. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary diversification affects the biological control capacity of a generalist predator and allows the slug pest Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) (Stylommatophora: Agriolimacidae) to more effectively fulfill its nutritional requirements. -
The First Report of Aelurostrongylus Falciformis in Norwegian Badgers (Meles Meles) Rebecca K Davidson*1, Kjell Handeland1 and Bjørn Gjerde2
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica BioMed Central Brief communication Open Access The first report of Aelurostrongylus falciformis in Norwegian badgers (Meles meles) Rebecca K Davidson*1, Kjell Handeland1 and Bjørn Gjerde2 Address: 1Section for Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 8156 Dep., NO-0033 Oslo, Norway and 2Parasitology Laboratory, Section for Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute for Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Email: Rebecca K Davidson* - [email protected]; Kjell Handeland - [email protected]; Bjørn Gjerde - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 13 June 2006 Received: 02 May 2006 Accepted: 13 June 2006 Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2006, 48:6 doi:10.1186/1751-0147-48-6 This article is available from: http://www.actavetscand.com/content/1/1/6 © 2006 Davidson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The first report of Aelurostrongylus falciformis (Schlegel 1933) in Fennoscandian badgers is described. Routine parasitological examination of nine Norwegian badgers, at the National Veterinary Institute during 2004 and 2005, identified A. falciformis in the terminal airways of five of the animals. The first stage larvae (L1) closely resembled, in size and morphology, those of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet 1866). The diagnosis for both A. falciformis and A. vasorum is frequently based on the identification of L1 in faeces or sputum. -
Slugs (Of Florida) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)1
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. EENY-087 Slugs (of Florida) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)1 Lionel A. Stange and Jane E. Deisler2 Introduction washed under running water to remove excess mucus before placing in preservative. Notes on the color of Florida has a depauparate slug fauna, having the mucus secreted by the living slug would be only three native species which belong to three helpful in identification. different families. Eleven species of exotic slugs have been intercepted by USDA and DPI quarantine Biology inspectors, but only one is known to be established. Some of these, such as the gray garden slug Slugs are hermaphroditic, but often the sperm (Deroceras reticulatum Müller), spotted garden slug and ova in the gonads mature at different times (Limax maximus L.), and tawny garden slug (Limax (leading to male and female phases). Slugs flavus L.), are very destructive garden and greenhouse commonly cross fertilize and may have elaborate pests. Therefore, constant vigilance is needed to courtship dances (Karlin and Bacon 1961). They lay prevent their establishment. Some veronicellid slugs gelatinous eggs in clusters that usually average 20 to are becoming more widely distributed (Dundee 30 on the soil in concealed and moist locations. Eggs 1977). The Brazilian Veronicella ameghini are round to oval, usually colorless, and sometimes (Gambetta) has been found at several Florida have irregular rows of calcium particles which are localities (Dundee 1974). This velvety black slug absorbed by the embryo to form the internal shell should be looked for under boards and debris in (Karlin and Naegele 1958). -
Predatory Activity of the Fungi Duddingtonia Flagrans
Journal of Helminthology (2009) 83, 303–308 doi:10.1017/S0022149X09232342 q Cambridge University Press 2009 Predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, Monacrosporium sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta on Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae F.R. Braga1, R.O. Carvalho1, J.M. Araujo1, A.R. Silva1, J.V. Arau´ jo1*†, W.S. Lima2, A.O. Tavela1 and S.R. Ferreira1 1Departamento de Veterina´ria, Universidade Federal de Vic¸osa, Vic¸osa, MG 36570-000, Brazil: 2Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (Accepted 18 December 2008; First Published Online 16 February 2009) Abstract Angiostrongylus vasorum is a nematode that parasitizes domestic dogs and wild canids. We compared the predatory capacity of isolates from the preda- tory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34), Monacrosporium sinense (SF53) and Arthrobotrys robusta (I31) on first-stage larvae (L1)ofA. vasorum under laboratory conditions. L1 A. vasorum were plated on 2% water-agar (WA) Petri dishes marked into 4 mm diameter fields with the four grown isolates and a control without fungus. Plates of treated groups contained each 1000 L1 A. vasorum and 1000 conidia of the fungal isolates AC001, NF34, SF53 and I31 on 2% WA. Plates of the control group (without fungus) contained only 1000 L1 A. vasorum on 2% WA. Ten random fields (4 mm diameter) were examined per plate of treated and control groups, every 24 h for 7 days. Nematophagous fungi were not observed in the control group during the experiment. There was no variation in the predatory capacity among the tested fungal isolates (P . -
Toxicity of Thymol on the Ultra-Scanning Structure of Skin and Digestive Gland Proteins of the Two Slugs ‘Limax Maximus and Lehmannia Marginata’ Omaima M
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (April 2018) Vol. 71 (6), Page 3405-3415 Toxicity of Thymol on the Ultra-Scanning Structure of Skin and Digestive Gland Proteins of the Two Slugs ‘Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata’ Omaima M. Mustafa Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt Corresponding author: Omaima Mustafa, Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT Background: thymol is a natural derivative of herb thyme and extracted from Thymus vulgaris. Aim of the work: the present investigation was carried out to study the side effects of thymol on the skin and protein content in the digestive gland of both slugs: Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata. Materials and Methods: the slugs are classified into three groups: the first one served as a control, the second and third groups fed on LC50 and LC90 of thymol for 48 hours. Results: the histological and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of skin of LC90-treated slugs exhibited erosion of the epithelial cells, hypoplasia of the connective tissues with increased mucus secretion. Moreover, the different protein bands of the control and treated slugs with LC50 and LC90 of thymol were demonstrated by SDS-PAGE technique. A total number of 37 different protein bands were ranged from 5.181 to 84.375 kDa. Conclusion: the present study supported the use of thymol as a molluscicide agent on the skin and digestive gland proteins of both slugs (Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata) that offers a safe alternative to other more persistent chemical pesticides that can be dispersed in runoff and produce subsequent contamination.