Instructions TABLE of CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 13.8 Non-Hex Grid Movement

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Instructions TABLE of CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 13.8 Non-Hex Grid Movement Instructions TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 13.8 Non-Hex Grid Movement ................................... 16 22.4 Malta ..................................................................... 30 22.5 Fall Braun ............................................................. 30 14.0 COMBAT 17 2.0 COMPONENTS 3 22.6 Sicily ..................................................................... 30 2.1 Rules .......................................................................... 3 14.1 Combat Procedure .............................................. 17 22.7 French North Africa ............................................ 30 2.2 Maps .......................................................................... 3 14.2 Participating Units .............................................. 17 2.3 Player Aids ............................................................... 4 14.3 Combat Strengths ................................................ 17 23.0 EVENT CARD DESCRIPTIONS 31 2.4 Counters .................................................................... 4 14.4 Terrain & Combat ................................................ 17 23.1 Allied Event Cards .............................................. 31 2.5 Nationalities ............................................................ 4 14.5 Combat Resolution .............................................. 17 23.2 Axis Event Cards ................................................. 33 2.6 Abbreviations .......................................................... 4 14.6 Step Losses .......................................................... 18 14.7 Retreat ................................................................... 18 24.0 SCENARIO 1: FOX KILLED 35 3.0 SCENARIOS 5 14.8 Advance ................................................................ 19 24.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 35 3.1 Set Up ........................................................................ 5 14.9 Special Combat Forms ....................................... 19 24.2 Allied Set Up ........................................................ 35 3.2 Reinforcements ....................................................... 5 24.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 35 15.0 SPECIAL UNITS 20 4.0 SEQUENCE OF PLAY 5 15.1 Artillery Units ...................................................... 20 25.0 O’CONNOR’S WAR 36 4.1 Turn Sequence ........................................................ 5 15.2 Anti-Tank Units ................................................... 20 25.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 36 25.2 Allied Set Up ........................................................ 36 5.0 EVENTS 7 15.3 Reconnaissance Units ....................................... 20 15.4 Special Forces ..................................................... 20 25.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 36 6.0 INITIATIVE 8 15.5 Airborne ................................................................ 21 26.0 SONNENBLUME 37 6.1 Initiative Determination ......................................... 8 15.6 Headquarters ....................................................... 21 26.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 37 6.2 Surprise .................................................................... 8 15.7 Engineers .............................................................. 21 26.2 Allied Set Up ........................................................ 37 6.3 Ghiblis ....................................................................... 8 15.8 Garrisons .............................................................. 21 15.9 Standard & Light Infantry .................................. 21 26.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 37 7.0 REINFORCEMENTS 8 15.10 Divisions ............................................................. 21 27.0 DESERT FOX 38 7.1 Availability ............................................................... 8 7.2 Axis Arrivals ............................................................ 8 16.0 DESERT RAIDERS (OPTIONAL) 22 27.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 38 7.3 Allied Arrivals ......................................................... 8 16.1 Desert Raiders ..................................................... 22 27.2 Allied Set Up ........................................................ 38 7.4 Allied Withdrawals ................................................ 8 16.2 Oasis Track Movement ...................................... 22 27.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 39 16.3 Oasis Track Combat ........................................... 22 28.0 DESERT WAR 39 8.0 COMBAT UNIT STATUS 9 16.4 Raider Missions .................................................. 22 8.1 Morale ....................................................................... 9 28.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 39 8.2 Disruption ................................................................. 9 17.0 REFIT 23 28.2 Allied Set Up ........................................................ 39 8.3 Depletion .................................................................. 9 17.1 Refi t Point Markers ............................................. 23 28.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 39 8.4 Upgrades .................................................................. 9 17.2 Refi t Procedure .................................................... 23 29.0 RUN FOR TUNIS 39 8.5 Training ..................................................................... 9 17.3 Upgrades .............................................................. 23 29.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 39 9.0 MOVEMENT CLASSES 10 18.0 CONSTRUCTION 23 29.2 Allied Set Up ........................................................ 39 29.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 39 10.0 STACKING 10 18.1 Fortifi cations ........................................................ 23 18.2 Egyptian Railroad ................................................ 24 30.0 TRAIL OF THE FOX 40 10.1 Stacking Points ................................................... 10 18.3 Road Construction .............................................. 24 10.2 Stacking Limits .................................................... 10 30.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 40 10.3 Overstacking ........................................................ 10 19.0 AIR OPERATIONS 24 30.2 Allied Set Up ........................................................ 40 30.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 40 11.0 ZONES OF CONTROL (ZOC) 11 19.1 Air Unit Deployment ........................................... 24 19.2 Air Superiority ..................................................... 25 31.0 TUNISIAN CAMPAIGN 40 11.1 Exerting ZOC ........................................................ 11 19.3 Mission Damage ................................................. 25 11.2 Motorized Class Units ........................................ 11 19.4 MET Track Support ............................................. 25 31.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 40 11.3 Terrain ................................................................... 11 19.5 Ground Combat Support ..................................... 25 31.2 Allied Reinforcements ....................................... 40 11.4 ZOC Effects ........................................................... 11 19.6 Interdiction ........................................................... 25 31.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 40 11.5 Night Movement .................................................. 11 19.7 Airlift ..................................................................... 25 32.0 ROMMEL’S WAR 41 19.8 Bombardment ...................................................... 26 12.0 SUPPLY 12 32.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 41 12.1 Supply Procedure ............................................... 12 19.9 Naval Air Strikes ................................................. 26 33.0 NORTH AFRICAN CAMPAIGN 41 12.2 Supply Units ......................................................... 12 20.0 NAVAL OPERATIONS 27 33.1 Axis Set Up ........................................................... 41 12.3 General Supply Sources .................................... 13 20.1 Port & Shipping Capacity .................................. 27 33.2 Allied Set Up ........................................................ 41 12.4 Tracing Supply Lines .......................................... 13 20.2 Ocean Shipping ................................................... 27 33.3 Victory Conditions .............................................. 41 12.5 General Supply .................................................... 13 20.3 Coastal Shipping ................................................. 27 12.6 Combat Supply ..................................................... 14 20.4 Naval (Fleet) Units .............................................. 28 EXAMPLE OF PLAY 42 12.7 Emergency Supply .............................................. 14 20.5 Amphibious Landings ......................................... 28 CREDITS 46 13.0 MOVEMENT 14 21.0 WEATHER (OPTIONAL) 29 COUNTER DETAILS 47 13.1 Movement Procedure
Recommended publications
  • Big Sandbox,” However It May Be Interpreted, Brought with It Extraordinary Enchantment
    eScholarship California Italian Studies Title The Embarrassment of Libya. History, Memory, and Politics in Contemporary Italy Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z63v86n Journal California Italian Studies, 1(1) Author Labanca, Nicola Publication Date 2010 DOI 10.5070/C311008847 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Embarrassment of Libya: History, Memory, and Politics in Contemporary Italy Nicola Labanca The past weighs on the present. This same past can, however, also constitute an opportunity for the future. If adequately acknowledged, the past can inspire positive action. This seems to be the maxim that we can draw from the history of Italy in the Mediterranean and, in particular, the history of Italy's relationship with Libya. Even the most recent “friendship and cooperation agreement” between Italy and Libya, signed August 30, 2008 by Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi and Libyan leader Colonel Moammar Gadhafi, affirms this. Italy’s colonial past in Libya has been a source of political tensions between the two nations for the past forty years. Now, the question emerges: will the acknowledgement of this past finally help to reconcile the two countries? The history of Italy’s presence in Libya (1912-1942) is rather different from the more general history of the European colonial expansion. The Ottoman provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica (referred to by the single name “Libya” in the literary and rhetorical culture of liberal Italy) were among the few African territories that remained outside of the European dominion, together with Ethiopia (which defeated Italy at Adwa in 1896) and rubber-rich Liberia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Italian Approach to Libya
    Études de l’Ifri "PLAYING WITH MOLECULES" The Italian Approach to Libya Aldo LIGA April 2018 Turkey/Middle East Program The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 978-2-36567-861-2 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2018 Cover: “A scratched map of Libya hanging on the walls inside a reception centre for unaccompanied and separated migrant and refugee minors in Western Sicily”. © Aldo Liga. How to quote this document: Aldo Liga, “‘Playing with Molecules’: The Italian Approach to Libya”, Études de l’Ifri, Ifri, April 2018. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org Author Aldo Liga is a freelance analyst on Middle East and North Africa issues and energy. He works for a Swiss-NGO which implements assessment, monitoring & evaluation and organisational capacity-building programmes. He holds a MA in International Security from Sciences Po Paris and a BA in Political Science from the “Cesare Alfieri” School of Political Sciences of Florence.
    [Show full text]
  • Italy and France: the Effects of Competition Between Allies on the Regional Stability in Northern Africa and on the European Union (An Italian Perspective)
    Elisabetta Recher FOKUS | 8/2019 Italy and France: The effects of competition between allies on the regional stability in Northern Africa and on the European Union (an Italian perspective) Introduction is how Italy and France‘s competition over Paris publicly seemed to let Rome lead the influence in North Africa risks impac- the way on the Libyan issue even though Between the end of 2018 and the begin- ting and deteriorating the image and French and Italian companies, respectively ning of 2019, tensions between Italy and coherence of the EU as a whole, its unity Total and ENI, were rivals in the country. France were covered in the news on an and its international position. That did not last long, and in the years increasingly regular basis. Tensions grew following military intervention in Libya, over multiple issues such as the two coun- France and Italy‘s historic presence and France attempted to politically bypass Italy tries‘ budget proposal to the European competition in North Africa on multiple occasions.7 Commission, their respective measures and strategies adopted in response to the France and Italy‘s competition for influ- Italy and France‘s competition: Libyan crisis, and their respective national ence in North Africa dates back to the The case of Libya and social issues including migration in Ita- 19th century when Italy emerged as a ly and the “Gilets Jaunes” protests in Paris. colonial power after its reunification in Given the major role Libya has been In addition, while Italy held meetings with 1871. From 1900 to 1902, Rome signed playing in the migration crisis as a gateway representatives of Hungary and Poland a series of treaties with Paris by which it for the African migration to Europe, it is with the aim of establishing an alliance in recognised French control over Morocco in in the interest of both Italy and France to sight of the European Parliament elections exchange for Paris´ pledge not to attempt bring stability to the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Mare Nostrum: Italy and the Mediterranean of Ancient Rome in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
    fascism 8 (2019) 250-274 brill.com/fasc Mare Nostrum: Italy and the Mediterranean of Ancient Rome in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries Samuel Agbamu King’s College London [email protected] Abstract The Mediterranean has occupied a prominent role in the political imaginary of Italian Fascisms, past and present. In the 1920s to the early 1940s, Fascist Italy’s imperial proj- ect used the concept of mare nostrum – our sea – taken from the vocabulary of Roman antiquity, to anchor modern Italian imperialism within the authority of the classical past. In the postwar years, following decolonization in Africa, mare nostrum receded from popular discourse, previous claims to the Mediterranean suppressed. However, in the context of the so-called refugee crisis, Italy resurrected mare nostrum, in the nam- ing of its military-humanitarian operation, a move rejected by the contemporary Ital- ian far right. This article argues that configurations of the Mediterranean of ancient Rome have served to yoke Africa to Italy when articulated into a Fascist, imperial ideol- ogy, as well as to reify the boundaries between Europe and the non-European other, in the xenophobic discourse of the contemporary Italian far right. Keywords Fascism – Italy – Libya – imperialism – romanità – migration – Mediterranean – mare nostrum The Mediterranean is by far the deadliest region for migration in the world, and the central Mediterranean, the area between Libya and Italy, has seen the highest number of migrant casualties when compared with other parts of the © samuel agbamu, 2019 | doi:10.1163/22116257-00802001 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc license at the time of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Persistence of Colonialism
    The Persistence of Colonialism A Century of Italo-Libyan Relationships and Their Influence on the Current European Migration Regime in the Mediterranean (1911–2017) Mathias Hatleskog Tjønn Master Thesis in Modern International and Transnational History, at the Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, Spring 2019 university of oslo Preface The first person I owe a heartfelt thank you to, is my supervisor Patrick Bernhard. You gave me the impetus to hit the ground running and you have been a solid supporter ever since. I cannot claim to have reached anywhere near the high literary standards of either novelist, but I hope the thesis stays somewhat true to you suggestion of “more Heming- way, less Proust” in terms of its prose. I was also fortunate to have Elisabetta Cassina Wolff as my supervisor, who supplied much needed insight into Italian politics and history. At prio I could rely on Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert for further supervision. Your perspective, input and inspiration were greatly appreciated. Before deciding to enroll in the mitra program I spoke with both Johannes Due and Jørgen Jensehaugen. Thank you for the real talk and continued encouragement, gentlemen. Among the mitra faculty, particularly Daniel Maul, Klaus Nathaus and Kim Priemel deserve a tip of the hat. Of my fellow students I want to above all thank Lars Magne Tungland and Siw Ellen Lien Rysstad for our conversations. I would like to extend a warm thank you to Martin Baumeister, Sandra Heisel, Patricia Kern, Lutz Klinkhammer and Elisa Ritzmann as well as all their colleagues at the German Historical Institute in Rome, for giving me the opportunity to work with and learn from you.
    [Show full text]
  • Subaltern Geopolitics: Libya in the Mirror of Europe
    bs_bs_banner The Geographical Journal, Vol. 178, No. 4, December 2012, pp. 296–301, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2012.00466.x Commentarygeoj_466 296..301 Subaltern geopolitics: Libya in the mirror of Europe JAMES D SIDAWAY Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570 E-mail: [email protected] This paper was accepted for publication in February 2012 In the wake of armed intervention and civil war in Libya, this commentary considers the changing ways that Libya has been represented in Western narratives. These include being part of a new ‘Roman Empire’ in Mussolini’s geopolitics, loyal pro-Western ally in the early Cold War after Libya’s independence in 1951, ‘rogue’ and ‘terrorist’ state in the 1970s and 1980s, then success for Western sanctions and diplomacy and subsequently commercial opportunity and cooperative partner in constraining African migration to Europe in the 2000s. The commentary develops the category of subaltern geopolitics. It begins and ends however with issues of memory and massacre: in Libya and Lockerbie, Scotland. KEY WORDS: geopolitics, Libya, subaltern verhead aircraft can be heard, but not seen. spiracy theories merit further investigation, these are A light drizzle falls, and I walk into a walled mostly beyond the scope of this Commentary. Suffice O graveyard, on the road out of town. Some of to note at this point that the official UK and US posi- the graves bear witness to past geopolitical action: tion – confirmed in the trial – attributes it to the Libyan Gallipoli or deaths in France in World War Two. A intelligence agencies. Serious doubts endure recent child’s grave has toys on it, a feature that along- however, and plausible cases have been made for side impromptu roadside memorials has recently Syrian and Iranian roles.
    [Show full text]
  • A Loyola Rome Student's Guide to World War Ii in Rome
    A LOYOLA ROME STUDENT’S GUIDE TO WORLD WAR II IN ROME & ITALY By Philip R. O’Connor, Ph.D. Loyola University Rome Center 1968-69 DOWNLOADABLE VERSION AVAILABLE PLEASE DIRECT COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS TO [email protected] Tenth Edition – September 2015 LOYOLA ROME STUDENT’S GUIDE TO WORLD WAR II IN ROME & ITALY DEDICATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Guide to World War II in Italy and Rome is dedicated to those who served the Allied cause in the Italian War of Liberation 1943-45. Of special remembrance are the five Loyolans who, in the words of Abraham Lincoln, “gave the last full measure of devotion” on Italian soil: John J. Burke, John L. Carmody, Kenneth E. Krucks, Thomas A. McKitrick and Dean P. Reinert. John Felice, founder and guiding light of the Loyola Rome Center for thirty years and whose name was given to the Campus in 2004, was an intelligence officer in the British Eighth Army seconded to the American 12 th Air Force, 47 th Bombardment Group (Light) in preparation for the invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland. John, who first inspired this Guide, passed away in January 2008, having lived the life of a great man. Another who served was the author’s uncle, Edward O’Connor. He followed his older brother, the author’s father, Philip J., into the U.S. Navy. Philip served in the South Pacific while Ed crewed in a 5-inch gun aboard the light cruiser USS Philadelphia . Before his nineteenth birthday, Eddie O’Connor participated in the invasion of Sicily, the landing at Salerno, the sbarco at Anzio-Nettuno followed by four months of daily missions from Naples to shell German forces besieging the beachhead, and the invasion of Southern France.
    [Show full text]
  • Concubinage and Colonial Power in Italian Libya (1911–1932) Andrea Tarchi*
    Modern Italy, 2021 Page 1 of 16, doi:10.1017/mit.2021.32 Mabruchismo: concubinage and colonial power in Italian Libya (1911–1932) Andrea Tarchi* Faculty of Law, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands (Received 8 February 2021; revised 12 April 2021; final version accepted 20 April 2021) This article assesses the Liberal and Fascist administrations’ shifting attitudes towards colonial concubinage during the years of the repression of the anti-colonial resistance in Italian Libya (1911–32). Also known as mabruchismo, concubinage in Libya closely resembled its counterpart in Italian Eastern Africa, as it involved middle- to upper-class Italian officers coercing colonised women into engaging in often exploitative intimate relationships. During the first 20 years of colonisation of the territory, the colony’s mili- tary administration employed an ambiguous stance regarding the practice, condemning it discursively to ingratiate itself with the local elites while unofficially allowing it to pro- vide safe sex to its officers. When the resistance was defeated in the early 1930s, and the Fascist administration began its demographic colonisation plans, colonial concubinage was prohibited as out of place in a racially segregated settler colony. This article employs an analysis of official archival sources to trace the regulatory framework that shaped the lives of the Libyan women and Italian officers engaged in concubinage in a shifting colonial society. The colonial administrations’’ regulatory efforts toward colonial concubinage testify to the crucial role that Libyan women and racially ‘‘mixed’’ relation- ships played in shaping categories of race, class, and gender relative to the Italian colonial context. Keywords: colonial concubinage; Libya; Italian colonialism; Fascism; military; sexuality; race.
    [Show full text]
  • The Embarrassment of Libya: History, Memory, and Politics in Contemporary Italy
    The Embarrassment of Libya: History, Memory, and Politics in Contemporary Italy Nicola Labanca The past weighs on the present. This same past can, however, also constitute an opportunity for the future. If adequately acknowledged, the past can inspire positive action. This seems to be the maxim that we can draw from the history of Italy in the Mediterranean and, in particular, the history of Italy's relationship with Libya. Even the most recent “friendship and cooperation agreement” between Italy and Libya, signed August 30, 2008 by Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi and Libyan leader Colonel Moammar Gadhafi, affirms this. Italy’s colonial past in Libya has been a source of political tensions between the two nations for the past forty years. Now, the question emerges: will the acknowledgement of this past finally help to reconcile the two countries? The history of Italy’s presence in Libya (1912-1942) is rather different from the more general history of the European colonial expansion. The Ottoman provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica (referred to by the single name “Libya” in the literary and rhetorical culture of liberal Italy) were among the few African territories that remained outside of the European dominion, together with Ethiopia (which defeated Italy at Adwa in 1896) and rubber-rich Liberia. This did not come about because of the combative traditions of Libyans, nor as a result of the economic power of Libya (which did not yet exist), but because of European imperialist rivalries and the Old Continent’s fear of suddenly aggravating the health of the declining Ottoman Empire (“sick man of the East,”) and above all, the weaknesses of the only European power that could aspire to its control: liberal Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • Trajectories of the Fascist Agricultural Enterprise in Libya (1922–43) Roberta Biasillo*
    Modern Italy, 2021 Vol. 26, No. 2, 181–198, doi:10.1017/mit.2021.7 Socio-ecological colonial transfers: trajectories of the Fascist agricultural enterprise in Libya (1922–43) Roberta Biasillo* Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy (Received 10 January 2021; final version accepted 27 January 2021) This paper intertwines the two historiographical concerns of migration and colonialism by exploring the case of Italian rule in North Africa from 1922 to 1943 and by adopting the analytic ground of the environment. The role played by the environment in targeting and shaping specific social groups, forming and grounding specific policies, creating and preventing social and natural transfers, has been overshadowed until now, particularly in relation to Italian colonialism. This study articulates the Fascist agricultural enterprise in Libya around the watershed event of the colony’s 1932 pacification. To illustrate its development, it looks at the environment-making processes and transfers entailed in the transformation of the Italian colonial project. This reconstruction contributes to the environmental history subfields of migration and colonialism and invites historians to further explore the first decade of Italian rule in Libya and not to limit historical explorations to the lens of settler colonialism. Keywords: Italian colonialism; environing; migration; transfers; Libya; Fascism. Introduction The livelihood of men in any country is constantly, ineluctably connected to the
    [Show full text]
  • Women, Resistance and the Creation of New Gendered Frontiers in the Making of Modern Libya, 1890-1980
    WOMEN, RESISTANCE AND THE CREATION OF NEW GENDERED FRONTIERS IN THE MAKING OF MODERN LIBYA, 1890-1980 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Katrina Elizabeth Anderson Yeaw, M.A. Washington, D.C. November 15, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Katrina Elizabeth Anderson Yeaw All Rights Reserved ii WOMEN, RESISTANCE AND THE CREATION OF NEW GENDERED FRONTIERS IN THE MAKING OF MODERN LIBYA, 1890-1980 Katrina Elizabeth Anderson Yeaw, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Judith E. Tucker, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Women, Resistance and the Creation of New Gendered Frontiers in the Making of Modern Libya, 1890-1980 examines the gendered transformation in the territory that became Libya from the late Ottoman period until after independence. Questioning the official version of Libyan nationalism that understood colonialism as a masculine, and at times violent, interaction between male Italian colonists, soldiers, and administrators and colonized men, I demonstrate the multi-faceted ways in which Libyan women interacted with the modernizing Ottoman, Italian and later British states, whether through the introduction of new forms of education, the policing of community boundaries, or through the military suppression of armed resistance. I found that European colonial governance dismantled existing local institutions including the Ottoman education system. Consequently, Italian policies undermined previous Ottoman attempts at modernizing reforms while distorting many of the existing social structures. My dissertation utilizes a variety of Arabic and Italian sources from archives in Italy, the US, and the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Suliaman Phd 2017.Pdf
    Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The Impact of the Italian Occupation of Cyrenaica with Reference to Benghazi, 1911- 1942 Suliaman, Aesha Award date: 2017 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 The Impact of the Italian Occupation of Cyrenaica with Reference to Benghazi, 1911-1942 By Aesha M. Mohammad Suliaman, B. A.; M. A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Bangor University in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree, of Doctor of Philosophy Bangor University January 2017 i Declaration and Consent Details of the Work I hereby agree to deposit the following item in the digital repository maintained by Bangor University and/or in any other repository authorized for use by Bangor University. Author Name: …Aesha M. Mohammad Suliaman ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Title: …The Impact of the Italian Occupation Cyrenaica with Reference to Benghazi, 1911-1942 ……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………….
    [Show full text]