2018 SENIOR PRESENTATIONS: CANDIDATES FOR DISTINTICTION IN THE FIELD
...... Abreu, Elanna Art Therapy Advisor: Julie Duffy, MA, LMT, Art Therapy Adjunct Faculty Art Therapy Presenting Homeless and Low-Income Individuals a Catalyst to Build Better Self-Understanding, Confidence, and Motivation to Progress
Art Therapy is examined as a therapeutic mechanism that can result in effectively promoting the betterment of the homeless/low-income community. Young and older adults are noted to have a better self-understanding and artistic experience when art therapy caters to their human, psychosocial, financial, and individual needs. An open studio promotes an environment where practice of self-empowerment and community empowerment, whether it is artistically or personally, is essential to human development. The homeless/low-income population is extremely marginalized in society because of a constructed financial hierarchy. I suggest that art therapy can combat this form of oppression by reducing neglect in favor of genuine human connection, artistic creation, and redefinition of identity...... Alger, Marissa Biology Advisor: Paul March, PhD, Professor of Biochemistry Creating a Mixed Library of GFP ORF Fusions in Linear DNA
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is a biological marker useful for tagging proteins by fluorescing green when exposed to UV light. The insertion site of GFP into the target, however, is vital to how the final protein will fold and function. Creating a mixed library of successful GFP insertion would allow researchers to determine which insertion best suits their needs. To optimize creating a mixed library, this new method would involve the GFP gene being inserted into a linear target gene via transposition instead of a plasmid. This transposition causes gaps in the DNA that need to be repaired, purified, amplified, and then cloned into a vector. Three techniques for purifying the GFP-inserted gene were tested: agarose gel, STV Biotin beads, and Klenow DNA Polymerase attached bead. While these techniques were not successful in purifying the DNA yet, we are still investigating how to improve the efficiency of the STV-biotinylated beads...... Buckley, Meghan Education Advisor: Christine Leighton, EdD, Assistant Professor of Education An Intervention through Second Step
In this presentation I will discuss the results of an intervention I conducted within a first grade, inclusion classroom at the Richard J. Murphy Public Elementary School where I completed my Moderate Disabilities practicum. I implemented five lessons from the first unit of a Social Emotional Learning (SEL) curriculum called Second Step, which focuses on teaching students to build foundational skills that are imperative to successful future learning. During the intervention, I observed and took field notes on whole class and individual student behaviors as well as student talk during the lessons. I also interviewed my supervising practitioner about her impressions of the program. Findings suggest that even with a modified implementation the students increased their practice of self-regulation strategies during whole class instruction. While the teacher did see improvements, she noted the difficulty of fitting the curriculum into her daily routine due to competing academic priorities.
...... Bujalski, Julia Mathematics Brendan Sullivan, D.A., Lecturer of Mathematics Graphic Design for Teaching Mathematical Concepts
A better understanding of the relationship between imagery and pedagogy in the mathematics classroom is important for mathematics education. Past studies have found that the use of visualizations (both still graphics and animations) in instruction and problem solving can increase student success in assessments. This project considers the effectiveness of visualizations in higher education mathematics classrooms by creating visuals and assessing student achievement and understanding. Specifically, we examine an anecdotal study of an undergraduate Real Analysis classroom and four key concepts in the course. We found evidence that the use of visuals positively impacted the students’ conceptual understanding of important definitions and theorems, as well as their confidence in their understanding and skills...... Carey, Meaghan Neuroscience Advisor: Michael Jarvinen, PhD, Associate Professor of Psychology Identifying Genetic Mechanisms of Neuron Shape
This paper explores the genetic factors that contribute to proper neuron shape in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Previous research identified a transient “rosette,” or group of cells that come together at a single point, that forms during nematode embryonic development. A subset of neurons withdraw from this rosette early in development and have an altered morphology compared to cells that remain engaged in the rosette. To investigate the mechanisms controlling this withdrawal, I conducted a forward genetic screen to identify mutants with altered neuronal morphology. Two mutants were isolated and maintained. Analyses of neurite quantification and response to gentle touch showed that one mutant, hmn282, had altered neurite morphology and deficits in initiating reversal movements. Future directions for this project include mapping the gene(s) causing each mutation and imaging embryos to determine whether the neurons with altered morphology engage in the rosette over a longer period-of-time in mutants...... Carse, Elisabeth Advisor: Katrin Križ, Ph.D., Katrin Križ, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Sociology Labor of Love: State Directors’ Perspectives on Migrant Education Program Implementation
The Migrant Education Program (MEP) relies on a federally funded and state implemented model to serve migrant students, and the program is overseen by state directors. This paper answers two research questions: 1) According to state directors of Migrant Education Programs, what are the barriers to program implementation? 2) How do they cope with these barriers? I found that the study participants experienced five barriers: 1) lack of time to dedicate to the position, 2) bureaucratic barriers, 3) lack of funding, 4) stigmatization of the students and the program, and 5) immigration policies. This study also demonstrated that the participants used five strategies to deal with these barriers: 1) Defining their work through a labor of love, 2) creaming, 3) training MEP staff and encouraging team work, 4) providing information about the program, and 5) establishing trust within the migrant community...... Carson, Alyssa Mathematics Advisor: Christine Sample, PhD, Assistant Professor of Mathematics Sensitivity Analysis of Population Models: A Case Study of Yellowstone Elk
Understanding the influence of model parameters on the survival of a migratory species is an essential part of making successful conservation and management decisions. We model migratory populations using a weighted and directed network, where nodes and edges have sets of attributes that are time and density dependent. Matrix calculus is used to calculate the sensitivity of population sizes to model parameters. We apply our model to study cervus canadensis (Yellowstone Elk). Through a sensitivity analysis, we determine the effect juvenile survival rates at each node and season have on the elk population. Our results indicate that small changes in the juvenile survival at the year-round habitat have the largest effect on the overall population size of the elk...... Chang, Ellison Political Science Advisor: Adam Silver, PhD, Assistant Professor of Political Science Reducing Sex Trafficking: Does International Cooperation Help?
The issue of sex trafficking plagues vulnerable populations around the world. Even with increased awareness in the twenty- first century, sex trafficking continues to advance in certain regions. This has led to millions of women and children being trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation and suffering from serious injuries, diseases, and severe psychological damage to their health. This paper briefly looks at the causes of sex trafficking and argues that the best method in reducing the rate of sex trafficking is the support and cooperation of the international community. To test this theory, this paper uses a qualitative study in comparing the analysis of states that have severe, middle, and lower rates of sex trafficking. The study concludes that international cooperation is only as effective if there are efforts from the domestic level...... Chauncey, Paige History Advisor: Jeffrey Fortin, PhD, Associate Professor of History Damned Women: The Underlying Misogyny of Witchcraft Accusations in 17th Century Connecticut
The 1692 Salem Witch Trials is the most infamous account of witch trials in New England, but it was not the first. In the paper, Damned Women: The Underlying Misogyny of Witchcraft Accusations in 17th Century Connecticut, I examine the witch trials in Puritan Connecticut in 1647 to1669. Connecticut at one point was labeled the witch-hunting capital of the New World and its witch hysteria lasted several decades in the 17th century. The majority of those convicted and executed on witchcraft charges were women. Women who deviated from the patriarchal role assigned to them were accused of being witches for fear these women would bring about the destruction of harmonious Christian communities. The fear of witchcraft and tarnishing their relationship with God caused women to remain within their subservient roles and maintain the gender imbalance that keep prevailing in the 21st century...... Crossman, Mary Jane Elementary Education Advisor: Lisa Schneier, EdD, Assistant Professor of Education The Importance of Movement in the Classroom
Integrating movement into classrooms has been a popular topic of study in recent years. Movement is not only essential in combating the obesity epidemic, but it also has been shown to improve concentration and understanding. While many teachers recognize the importance of incorporating movement into their classrooms, the application often falls short. I began my exploration during my student teaching practicum. I used my observations along with informal student interviews to gain a better understanding of movement throughout a typical day. After reviewing recent literature, my ideas on movement expanded to encompass movement breaks, active lessons, and experiential, or “hands on” learning. Each of these elements is important to improving student achievement and concentration, as well as creating positive skills that students can benefit from beyond the classroom. More research must be done to fully understand the impact of integrating movement into classrooms...... Dancy, Sarai Mathematics Advisor: Patterson Rogers, PhD, Assistant Professor of Mathematics Education Ready, Set, Math! Checking the Reliability of Emmanuel College’s Mathematics Placement Tests
Emmanuel College requires incoming students to take a placement exam to determine which math courses they are eligible enroll in. This study aims to answer whether Emmanuel College’s placement exam is reliable, that is, does the assessment test on the intended math concepts, correctly places students, and predicts mathematics course attainment. This study analyzed incoming students’ scores from the 2016-2017 placement exam along with grades earned in the classes the students took based on the recommended placement. To answer the research questions, this study used statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, factor analysis, ANOVA, and linear regression. Following the analysis, this study determined the first part of the placement exam correctly places students into lower level courses. However, the placement exam is not as good at indicating student success in statistics or calculus courses. Finally, recommendations are provided based on the results of this analysis...... Fabianek, Brianna Art Therapy Advisor: Julie Duffy, MA, LMT, Art Therapy Adjunct Faculty The Healing Power of Art Therapy for PTSD in Survivors of Sexual Abuse
This thesis explores how art therapy helps heal survivors of sexual abuse. An art therapy case study of a 40-year old woman diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from childhood sexual abuse is presented. Supporting literature is examined to illustrate the symptoms, treatments, issues and concerns of PTSD with the comorbid diagnoses of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Fibromyalgia (FM). I argue that art therapy interventions have the power to help heal survivors of sexual abuse by creating a safe and trusting space, allowing the processing of trauma, building empowerment, and encouraging forgiveness and justice. Symptoms associated with PTSD are mitigated and quality of life is improved through the supportive, creative process of therapeutic art making...... Ferreira, Raquel Biology Advisor: Allen Price, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Physics Investigating Search Mechanisms of DNA Binding Proteins–A Study on the Facilitated Diffusion of Nde1
Site-specific cleavage of DNA is a key step in many biological processes. Research on DNA-Protein interactions has led to the recent revolution in the development of genome editing (GE) tools, with the potential to treat and cure human genetic disorders in the future. Facilitated diffusion is the accepted theory for how site-specific DNA binding proteins search for their DNA targets. The association rates of DNA-binding proteins are limited due to the fact that few proteins have been characterized, and there is little evidence to suggest that this target search occurs rapidly. A single-molecule bead loss assay was used to measure the target search time of the type II RE, Nde1. Overall, the facilitated diffusion of Nde1 was found to be dependent upon the endonuclease’s sliding length as well as on the length of its DNA substrate...... Furtado, Timothy Art History Advisor: Cynthia Fowler, PhD, Professor of Art Gerard Dillon and Queer Utopian Space
This paper considers the idea of a “queer utopia” in the painting of Irish expatriate artist Gerard Dillon. Scholar José Esteban Muñoz explores this idea in his book Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity. As supporters of the emerging Republic of Ireland began to establish a new national identity, hyper-masculinity became a quintessential characteristic of Irish nationalism. This hyper-masculine ideal along with the Catholic condemnation of homosexuality left little room for Dillon or his homosexual counterparts within Irish society. For Dillon, his homosexual desire combined with his desire to be accepted as an Irishman resulted in his imagining a utopian space. Dillon’s work explores these desires, which all come together in his painting, Self-Contained Flat (1955), which I argue is a depiction of queer utopian space...... Garcia, Cinthia Biology Advisor: Padraig Deighan, PhD, Assistant Professor of Biology A Panoramic Investigation of RNA Polymerase-Associated Proteins
To support both cellular growth and prudent responses to changing environmental conditions, bacteria need to ensure that each of their genes is expressed at the appropriate level and time. The first step of gene expression, called transcription, is mediated by RNA polymerase (RNAP). In E. coli, RNAP activity is modulated by a suite of 250 associated proteins collectively named transcription factors (TFs). However, a detailed understanding of how these TFs modulate RNAP activity is lacking. In this study we used a bacterial two-hybrid assay to discover the precise protein-protein interactions that occur between 31 subdomains of RNAP and its TFs. Further, we characterized how two exemplary TFs, YbeD and CedA, influence RNAP activity and report that CedA acts as a transcription repressor and YbeD acts as a transcription activator. These data provide important mechanistic insights into how TFs modulate RNAP function...... Gill, Anna Biology Advisor: Fernando Vieira, MD, Senior Director of Preclinical Development, ALS Therapy Development Institute How can Proteins Cause Paralysis? Investigating Cellular Effects of Neurodegeneration-Associated Peptides in ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized by lethal progressive paralysis. ALS currently has no definitive treatment or diagnostic biomarker. Dipeptide repeat proteins (DRPs) derived from unconventional translation of a mutation in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) are hypothesized to contribute to the most common known mode of ALS pathogenesis. To study how C9-DRPs impact cell viability, we transiently transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and neuroblastoma-spinal cord hybrid (NSC-34) cells with plasmids encoding for each of the 5 known C9-DRPs. Using WST-1, LDH, and BrdU assays, we found that the DRP glycine-arginine (GR) was associated with significant dysmetabolism and proliferation inhibition, but not apoptosis. These results were mirrored less robustly with DRP proline-arginine (PR). These data suggest that GR and PR DRPs do not act by triggering apoptotic pathways, and instead may contribute to C9-ALS pathogenesis by inhibiting vital cellular processes such as metabolism and proliferation...... Gillies, Lea Global Studies Senior Seminar Advisor: Dr. Melanie Murphy, PhD, Associate Professor of History A Product of History and a Challenge in Modernity: the Evolution of Political Sectarianism in Lebanon
This paper examines the evolution of political sectarianism, or the politicization of religious identities, in Lebanon from its origins as a means to distribute power and determine representation by foreign rulers to its modern manifestations as a means to mobilize political support in elections and formulate electoral law. It also explores the corporate consociational power-sharing arrangements in Lebanon that have produced a government and political system that relies on political sectarianism to form its structure and determine its function. Responses to the phenomenon of political sectarianism are analyzed, with the Parliamentary elections of 2005 being used as the primary example. Finally, suggestions for reform of the electoral system and political system to institute a mixed proportional electoral system alongside an integrative consociational political system made in order to cure the divisive and detrimental effects political sectarianism has had on Lebanese politics, which prevents the state from achieving unity and stability...... Gilmore, Devin Sociology Advisors: Catherine Bueker, PhD, Associate Professor of Sociology and Taylor Hall, MA, Lecturer of Sociology Fragmented Identities: Political Participation among Republican Feminists
The assumption that women engaged in politics are acting from a primarily feminist perspective and that their priorities as feminists align with those of Democratic candidates is pervasive in literature analyzing partisan voting. Although sociologists and political scientists have studied the increasing democratization of feminists for the past thirty years, there is a hole in research on feminists who defy this trend and align with the Republican party. In a qualitative analysis, my paper seeks to answer three questions: 1) What characterized Republican feminist political ideologies? 2) How do Republican feminist identities form? and 3) How does the interaction of these identities impact political engagement? I find that Republican feminists struggle to engage politically as feminists due to the salience of their Republican identity emanating from their families and the resulting stigma associated with such an identity...... Greenstein, Austin Economics Advisor: Rebecca Moryl, PhD Assistant Professor of Economics The United States’ Opioid Crisis: How Behavioral Economics Can Shape Effective Public Policy
On October 26th, 2017 President Trump declared the opioid epidemic a public health emergency. In this paper, I explore what can be learned from applying a behavioral economic lens to current United States public policies to combat the opioid crisis. The paper first observes behavioral economic principles like delayed-discounting, loss aversion and sign effect that are common in all human behavior. I then consider what differences behavioral economics has found between the preferences and actions of individuals with and without opioid substance use disorders. Individuals with opioid substance use disorders tend to behave more impulsively than non-drug users and are less affected by loss. I then analyze public policies directed at opioid users and their effectiveness in light of these insights about preferences and choices among this group. The goal of this paper is to identify ways in which we can shape public policy to be more effective...... Habeeb, Jennifer Art Therapy Advisor: Julie Duffy, MA, LMT, Art Therapy Adjunct Faculty A Study of Art Therapy and Pediatric Cancer Recovery
This case study reviews the literature pertaining to art therapy and children diagnosed with leukemia. Leukemia is a cancer formed in blood cells and is one of the most common cancers among children and can result in both physical and mental distress. It aims to show the benefits of art therapy on a child in the middle childhood stage of development who is in the recovery stages of pediatric leukemia. This case study and literature review will also show that art therapy is a useful tool to help recovering pediatric cancer patients. Through art therapy, patients express themselves, develop their identity post treatment, and transition back into normal, daily life with the coping mechanisms and emotional stability they need to succeed...... Hom, Emily Economics Advisor: Rebecca Moryl, PhD, Assistant Professor of Economics Affordability and Availability: Evidence Based Analysis of How Housing Market Conditions Impact Homeless Families vs. Homeless Individuals
In this paper, I examine how different rental housing market factors including rent burden and supply of affordable housing impact the risk of individuals and families becoming homeless. I also look into how certain factors can cause increased instances of homelessness. I relate these housing market factors to Boston to assess how low income households are impacted by housing market conditions. I evaluate the effects of these factors on the subgroups of families and individuals and determine how each group is affected and if there are any potential differences. I review federal programs and policies like Section 8 vouchers and Low Income Housing Tax Credit to assess their effectiveness in preventing homelessness. I also consider Boston’s housing development policies and how this relates to Boston area homelessness. After reviewing all of these programs and policies, I make suggestions on how the government could better serve Boston’s most vulnerable populations...... Iantosca, Gianna Biology Advisor: Massimo Loda, MD, Principal Investigator, Dana Farber Cancer Institute Modeling a Novel Molecular Subset Prostate Cancer defined by an IDH1 Mutation
IDH1 is responsible for conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. When mutated, α-ketoglutarate is reduced to 2- hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite causing hypermethylation. Mutant-IDH1 is responsible for 1% of prostate cancer cases and may be prognostically distinct, but the underlying cause of tumorigenesis remains unknown and understudied. To evaluate clinical relevance of IDH1-mutated prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy and core biopsies were scanned for IDH1-mutations. To correct for confounding factors from patient-derived samples and evaluate oncogenesis, IDH1 mutated prostate cell-lines were created. We confirmed six IDH1-mutated prostate cancer cases. Our new cohort was highlighted by early-onset, high Gleason grade, and ETS-fusion negative tumors. We obtained components necessary for IDH1-R132H- mutated cell lines. These data suggest that IDH1 mutated prostate cancer deserves a separate molecular class, but the cohort needs to be expanded and clinical and pathological variables need to be explored. The cell line may be used to understand metabolic causes of IDH1-mutated prostate cancer...... Janoudi, Tusneem Biology Advisor: Padraig Deighan, PhD, Assistant Professor of Biology Mining the Surface of RNA Polymerase for Transcription Factor Binding Sites
Correct protein function often requires assembly of the protein into a multi-subunit complex or an interaction with partner proteins. The E. coli enzyme, RNA polymerase (RNAP), is comprised of five subunits (2, , ’, , ) and mediates the transcription of RNA from DNA in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. RNAP processivity is highly regulated by at least 150 transcription factors (TFs). However, it is unknown whether: 1). these TFs make direct protein-protein contact with RNAP, 2). what RNAP sub-domain is involved, and 3). the functional consequences of the TF-RNAP interaction on transcription output. To cultivate a greater appreciation of RNAP-TF dynamics, we investigated the protein-protein interactions between 78 TFs and 31 RNAP sub-domains using a bacterial two-hybrid assay. We uncovered both known and novel RNAP binding-determinants for 15 TFs. Our characterization and mapping of these TF-binding determinants on RNAP will guide future research on transcription regulation...... Janowicz, Nikolas Philosophy Advisor: Michelle Maiese, PhD, Associate Professor of Philosophy Perceiving Cause and Effect: How Reliable is our Belief in Regular Causal Events?
This paper details the discussion about our perception of causality. David Hume argues that we do not perceive a necessary connection between cause and effect. Instead, we infer that there is one based on our experience of past events. Albert Michotte argues that there is a perceptual mechanism that is sensitive to a fundamental property of causal events, which inevitably results in their perception. First, I detail the respective positions of Hume and Michotte. Then, I examine the contemporary literature supporting Michotte’s research. The ultimate question is whether or not we perceive causality devoid of inferential reasoning. I argue that we can come closer to determining if this is the case through infant research and retinotopic studies because both show that causal phenomena exist at a low level of perception and are in fact perceived automatically and encapsulated from cognitive processing...... Josephson, Sonja International Studies Advisor: Melanie Murphy, PhD, Professor of History Limited Information Privacy in the Digital Age: The Aftermath of the September 11th Terrorist Attacks and the Erosion of Democratic Values in the United States
Following the September 11th terrorist attacks in New York, the war on global terrorism was waged and stronger security measures within the United States were adopted. Among the security measures that were taken, information collection and surveillance by government agencies became a central strategy for the prevention of future terrorist attacks in the homeland. The intelligence community united behind surveillance programs aimed at detecting and preventing terrorism. In the context of the digital age where everyday life is surrounded by data creating technologies, surveillance is a major threat to information privacy. Information privacy is an instrumental value, which acts as a foundation for promoting other important social values and rights to be exercised. This paper explores how the post-9/11 security response in the United States has limited information privacy, therefore resulting in the erosion of democratic values...... Journeay, Katharine International Studies Advisor: Melanie Murphy, PhD, Associate Professor of History Patrilineality as a Key Factor in Rape as Genocide
Sexual violence has been used in conflicts and wars throughout history. In modern times, the examination of genocide has led to the inclusion of sexual violence as an act of genocide under international law. This paper examines how rape and forced impregnation are used as genocide specifically addressing the rationale of Patrilineality behind the perpetration of these crimes during ethnic conflict. Patrilineality not only provides the reasoning for this specific military strategy, it also persists in the aftermath of genocide. Looking at children born of rape during three genocides: Bosnia, Rwanda, and Darfur, I examine how identity plays a complicated role in their lives and in the recovery of their communities.
...... Kaufman, James Biology Advisor: Jason Kuehner, PhD, Assistant Professor of Biology Who Flipped the Switch? Investigating DNA Repair Gene Regulation Transcription Termination
Ultraviolet light (UV) can mutate DNA, leading to disease; fortunately DNA damage response (DDR) works to combat mutations. Def1 is essential to DDR in S. cerevisiae, and DEF1 expression is regulated by early transcription termination (attenuation). Upon UV, attenuation is reduced through an unknown mechanism, and its importance to cell viability remains unknown. To evaluate viability impacts, we measured growth of mutant attenuator strains. To evaluate the regulatory mechanism, we transformed a DEF1-lacZ reporter plasmid into DDR mutant strains and monitored expression upon UV. We altered Hrp1 phospho-acceptor sites, an attenuation-prompting factor, and examined DEF1-lacZ response to UV. Attenuator disruption caused Def1 overexpression, reducing cell viability. Reporter expression was increased upon UV, and a subset of DDR kinases mutants reduced this response. Hrp1 mutations did not impact viability or UV response. These data support attenuation is a biologically significant mechanism for DEF1 regulation, wherein DDR signals bypass upon UV...... Klimczak, Victoria Art Therapy Advisor: Julie Duffy, MA, LMT, Art Therapy Adjunct Faculty Ability through Art: A Case Study on the Social and Emotional Effects of Arts-Based Vocational Training for a Client with Moyamoya Disease
Moyamoya disease is an unpreventable, incurable, and rare congenital brain disorder. Due to the physical and developmental difficulties that can arise as side effects, moyamoya disease can prove to be very isolating. Group art therapy has proven to be beneficial in improving feelings of isolation as well as being an effective way of managing various mental health issues, such as depression. This thesis examines the effects of moyamoya disease on a thirty- year-old Hispanic male and how attendance at a vocational art day program influences his social and emotional well- being and his individual outlook on himself though the therapeutic process of art making ...... Korin, David International Studies Advisor: Melanie Murphy PhD Associate Professor of History The Hermit That Would Be a Hegemon: American Considerations for a Nuclear-Armed North Korea
When a state becomes nuclear armed, it enters a de facto deterrence relationship with other nuclear-armed states insofar as it cannot use its nuclear arsenal because the retaliatory action would ensure the mutual destruction of both states. In the case of North Korea, however, this deterrence-induced stability cannot be expected to materialize for four reasons: the reclusive state may maintain inadequate safeguards on their nuclear arsenal; they may have an incompetent, vulnerable, or overzealous command and control protocol; they may pursue non-deterrent uses of their nuclear arsenal; they have demonstrated an ability and will to proliferate nuclear material. These four considerations indicate that the United States should continue to pursue denuclearization as opposed to accepting the DPRK’s arsenal. While stopping short of advocating for a specific policy approach, this paper offers an introduction to five policy avenues that can be used in conjunction to change the Kim family regime’s cost-benefit ratio against maintaining an arsenal. Three policy pitfalls that would detract from that end are likewise introduced...... Lambert, Megan Sociology Advisors: Catherine Bueker, PhD, Associate Professor; Taylor Hall, ABD, Lecturer of Sociology Empowerment among Young Women
Research on empowerment focuses on the ability for individuals to gain power or autonomy of a situation. Empowerment is largely understudied in regards to young women and this study aims to mend the gaps in literature. Specifically, how do women experience empowerment throughout their life and what aspects of their lived experience most heavily impact their empowerment? Through a mixed methods survey individuals who identified as a woman aged 18-25 were asked questions concerning their definitions and feelings of empowerment. Survey answers were coded using I-Poems and ANOVA analysis. Results show that role models have a strong impact on women as well as life experiences such as traveling and graduation. In conclusion, largely self-motivated experiences impact young women’s sense of empowerment, but influences of role models and other external factors such as education can create an internal drive...... Langham, Katelyn Art Therapy Advisor: Julie Duffy, MA, LMT, Art Therapy Adjunct Faculty Early Intervention Art Therapy and its Effect within a Community
Therapeutic art processes help develop physical and psychological functions in infancy. These functions continue throughout the life span to regulate emotions, social learning, and self-awareness. This thesis explores sources to understand the benefits of integrative art throughout the life span of children and presents a case study of infants between the ages of 3 to 16 months and examines the effects of the art-making process. Infant development in emotional and social realms are explored in depth, as well as physiological growth. The importance of art in deterring aggressive and violent behavior in children is addressed, as well as the benefits of art programs that involve exhibiting art. The social aspects of art-making are proven in this thesis to better the emotional and social learning of all children that are a part of this early intervention program...... Lavache, Talia Communications, Media and Cultural Studies Advisor: Andrea McDonnell, PhD, Associate Professor of Communication & Media Studies Instagram & Narcissism: How the “Like” Button Revolutionized Social Media
Ever since Instagram’s launch in 2010, over 800 million users have swarmed to the social networking site in order to post, like, and exchange photos with friends. With its communal focus on posting “selfies,” this paper explores the topic regarding why it is that Instagram users, more often than not, post photos of themselves. The narcissistic tendency that most Instagram users encounter when posting a photo can be explained by the “like” feature that most social networking sites acquire. By conducting two focus groups, each with four college-aged women, findings suggest that these narcissistic tendencies transpire as a result of the “like” feature. Data collected via both focus groups suggests that the reason for posting a photo on Instagram is to accumulate as many “likes” on a photo as possible. It was found that the most liked photos are those in which the Instagram user's face is present...... Le Ray, Emily International Studies Advisor: Melanie Murphy, PhD, Associate Professor of History The Importance of Non-State Actors in Furthering Human Rights: A Re-visitation of the Pinochet Case
The adherence or the acceptance of international human rights norms was once confined to the state’s sovereign boundaries and restricted within the state’s domestic political realm. However, since the late twentieth century we have witnesses the politics of human rights expand to the international realm. I argue the establishment of transnational human rights networks and the proliferation of human rights advocacy groups have allowed non state actors to play an important role in furthering human right norms and influencing state behavior. I will prove with the revisitation of the Pinochet case that while political expediency may allow states to ignore violation of international norms, increasingly non state actors are given the power to counterbalance. With this case, I will emphasize coordinated domestic and transnational efforts have the potential to circumnavigate the statist structure of international law.
...... Lynch, Darien Education Advisor: Sr. Karen Hokanson SND, EdD, Assistant Professor of Education The Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language Syllabus Project
The Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language Syllabus Project will focus on the pedagogical aspects of teaching Spanish as a foreign language and will present the ancillary materials essential to promote and facilitate language acquisition in a classroom setting. As a project team, Darien will focus on the pedagogical aspects of teaching a foreign language by providing evidence for the different types of teaching approaches...... Lynch, Haley History Advisor: Jeffrey Fortin, PhD, Associate Professor of History Brief, But Not so Shining: A Critical Analysis of John F. Kennedy as America’s Camelot
Sitting in her Hyannis Port compound just days after her husband’s assassination, Jacqueline Kennedy sorrowfully recounted the tragic day in Dallas to Theodore H. White, a journalist for Life Magazine. Holding back tears, she met White’s eyes and solemnly declared, “There’ll be great presidents again [...] but there’ll never be another Camelot again,” thereby embedding the Camelot myth about her late husband for the first time into America’s collective memory. Ever since Lee Harvey Oswald delivered the fatal shot to the back of Kennedy’s head in November of 1963, historians obsessed over how Jackie compared her husband’s presidency to the shining knight of Camelot. However, this image is largely a myth and was coined merely to cope with Kennedy’s tragic death and to legitimize his role to the American public as a liberal in the progressive era of the 1960’s...... Martin, Kendyll Biology Advisors: Josef Kurtz, PhD, Professor of Biology and Todd Williams, PhD, Associate Professor of Biology The Contribution of Hematopoietically Derived CNS Macrophages in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalopathy- a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
It has been demonstrated in a Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease state, that hematopoietic cells may be recruited from the blood and form a morphological phenotype resembling microglia; the tissue resident central nervous system (CNS) macrophage. To observe hematopoietic recruitment to the microglial population, a previously established non- inflammatory GFP+ hematopoietic stem cell transplant model that tracks hematopoietic contribution to the CNS was established. Full peripheral chimeras were stressed using Experimental Autoimmune Encephalopathy (EAE), a neuro- inflammatory mouse model of MS. In the EAE model, we expect CNS inflammation will increase hematopoietic contribution. We found that both vehicle controls (4-24%) and actively induced EAE cohorts (3-8%) showed increased chimerism compared to untreated controls (0.3-2.5%), however, only actively induced EAE mice showed symptoms of paralysis. This suggests that increased chimerism is due to hematopoietic overdrive in the periphery, rather than neuro- inflammation...... McEvoy, Haley Biology Advisor: Duncan J. Hodkinson, Ph.D., Instructor of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital Concussions can be a Headache: A Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Post-traumatic Headache
Concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) causes debilitating symptoms and can disrupt normal neurodevelopment in children. Concussion/mTBI often triggers a highly disabling chronic headache syndrome called post-traumatic headache (PTH). Although prevalent, PTH is underrepresented in headache/pain research and lacks clear definition and pathophysiology, making the disorder difficult to treat in the clinical setting. To study PTH, a retrospective chart review was performed assessing clinical presentation and the influence of biological factors on the disorder. Examination of pediatric sports medicine patients revealed a 10% prevalence of PTH following concussion and a female dominance of 72%. Persistent post-concussive symptoms coexisting with PTH were reported with high incidence and varied as a function of sex. Findings suggest a sex-related genetic and/or hormonal influence in PTH pathophysiology, and may direct future neuroimaging studies. The high incidence of comorbid symptoms with PTH further suggests why the disorder dramatically affects quality of life and function...... McGrath, Caleb Biology Advisor: Jason Kuehner, PhD, Associate Professor of Biology Caught at a Red Light: Regulation of DNA Transcription by Premature Termination
Transcription termination typically occurs downstream of a gene. However, in some cases premature termination (attenuation) occurs upstream of a gene and downregulates expression. Transcription attenuation is utilized by viruses to evade the immune system. Our lab identified several attenuator targets including HRP1. We used a lacZ reporter to observe attenuator bypass in mutants from both known transcription termination pathways: CPF-CF and NNS, which are used for coding and noncoding genes respectively. We hypothesized that the newly identified attenuators would depend primarily on CPF-CF termination since they produce an attenuated, polyadenylated and stable RNA. We observed read-through defects in 12 tested termination factor mutants, including Hrp1 itself. Deletion of 2 putative Hrp1-binding sites also led to increased HRP1-lacZ activity. These data indicate that the HRP1 attenuator is a robust down-regulatory element, relying upon a hybrid of both CPF-CF and NNS termination pathways. Additionally, HRP1 attenuation appears to be autoregulatory...... Meserve, Krista Chemistry Advisor: Aren Gerdon, PhD, Associate Professor of Chemistry Understanding the role of DNA as a template in calcium phosphate mineralization
Bones can degrade over time and one solution is to regenerate hydroxyapatite (HAP), the main inorganic mineral in bones, through templated calcium phosphate mineralization. Previous research has evolved DNA aptamer templates that enhance mineralization and contain an enrichment of guanine (G) nucleotides. This work focuses on analyzing DNA aptamers with varying %G to better understand how the secondary structures affect the aptamer’s templating ability. Independent of the G-enrichment, the 40-base pair aptamers bound 30-45 calcium ions per aptamer suggesting the aptamers act as nucleation points for mineralization. The structure played a larger role in the affinity of DNA to HAP, as higher %G aptamers were better HAP binders than lower %G aptamers. We hypothesize that the aptamers act as a nucleation point to enhance mineral formation, but they inhibit growth of large particle sizes through binding to the surface of formed HAP...... Messier, Cameron Biology Advisor: Faina Ryvkin, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry Investigation into Catalytic Properties of Copper Containing enzyme Lysyl Oxidase
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-containing amine oxidase that catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Aberrant expression of LOX has been associated with fibrotic diseases and cancer. Several aspects of LOXs catalytic properties remain debated: including a role of the copper cofactor in LOXs catalytic mechanism and a mechanism for -aminopropionitrile (BAPN) irreversible inhibition. The removal of copper from LOX, using an optimized chelation protocol, resulted in complete loss of enzymatic activity. In silico ligand docking simulations resulted in a novel residue of interest Glu317 for the irreversible inhibition of LOX by BAPN. Mass spectrometric studies elucidated the presence, identity, and relative abundance of several ECM proteins, specifically MFAP4, suggesting a potential role in LOX catalysis.
...... Miech, Jason Chemistry Advisor: Aren Gerdon, PhD, Associate Professor of Chemistry Analyzing Surface Bound DNA as a Template for Calcium Phosphate Mineralization Using Microfluidics Integrated with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Microfluidic platforms have been proven to be advantageous in chemical analysis and synthesis due to their use of miniscule quantities of sample and increased control of the sample in time and space. In this study, these characteristics were taken advantage of to examine the effect of template molecules, specifically DNA, on the biomineralization of calcium phosphate. Optical microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) were integrated with microfluidics to investigate this reaction, allowing for controllable, time-resolved, and quantitative measurements. Solution conditions were optimized by screening through a microfluidic flow cell that allows for an in-situ control. A microfluidic flow cell optimized for QCM was used to test surface-bound DNA aptamers in mineralization. The addition of DNA aptamer 405x2 resulted in a higher mineral growth rate compared to that of the control. Used in tandem, these microfluidic platforms were effective in characterizing mineralization and determining the effect of additive templates...... Miller, Daria Sociology Advisors: Janese Free, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Sociology; Katrin Križ, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Sociology Breaking Biases: An Analysis of Female Muslim Characters in Two North American TV Shows
This study explores how two North American television shows, Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Bold Type, attempt to counter stereotypical portrayals of Muslim women. A qualitative content analysis was performed on six episodes from each show to determine strategies used by these programs to subvert traditional views of Muslim women seen in the media. Findings from this study suggest that both shows portrayed female Muslim characters as three-dimensional individuals, focused on the politicization of Muslim women’s identities, and showed female Muslim characters teaching and explaining their religious traditions to non-Muslim characters. Findings from this study can be used to better address and understand how stereotypical images of Muslim women are being opposed in entertainment television...... Mingione, Victoria Biology Anupama Seshan, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology Investigating the Novel Impacts of a Mutant NUD1 Allele on Effectors of the Mitotic Exit Network of S. cerevisiae
The Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) in S. cerevisiae is a protein cascade that activates the M phase to G1 transition during the cell cycle. MEN homologs in mammalian cells also govern late cell cycle transitions. The MEN activator Nud1 is homologous to Centriolin, a centrosomal protein that plays a crucial role in mitotic microtubule organization and the regulation of cytokinesis. There are mechanistic gaps regarding Centriolin activity, but functional defects have been implicated in cancer. Our group has identified a hyperactive allele of NUD1, nud1-A308T. We found that nud1-A308T causes bypass of the Spindle Positioning Checkpoint. The mutant protein recruits downstream MEN binding partners early in metaphase and suppresses defects in the MEN kinase MOB1. Importantly, we find that these effects are not due to increased mutant protein stability. These data can provide clues toward elucidating how a hyperactive Centriolin protein can impact proper cell division in mammalian cells...... Morrissette, Jeremy Biology Advisors: Todd Williams, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology; Josef Kurtz, Ph.D., Professor of Biology Contribution of Hematopoietically Derived Macrophages to the Central Nervous System in a Non-Inflammatory State
The capacity for hematopoietically derived monocytes to engraft within the central nervous system (CNS) and differentiate into microglia during non-inflammatory conditions has garnered recent interest. Previous studies have described varying levels of engraftment in chimeric mouse models established by parabiosis, irradiation, or chemotherapy. Here, we characterized the infiltration and persistence of hematopoietically-derived CNS macrophages in chimeric mice conditioned with a minimally inflammatory dose of busulfan. Hematopoietically-derived macrophages made up 0.3-3.2% of the total CD45mid/CD11bhi CNS macrophage population past 8 weeks post hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A population of hematopoietically derived cells resembled resident microglia based on P2Y12 expression, MHC II down regulation, and ramified morphology. This CNS population persists through 49 weeks, even when peripheral chimerism is reversed. We argue that busulfan conditioning leads to rapid hematopoiesis during myeloid reconstitution, a state of hematopoietic overdrive, which pushes monocytes to engraft in the CNS that differentiate into microglia and persist indefinitely...... Mosko, Jacqueline Neuroscience Advisor: Melanie Leussis, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychology Fine Sensorimotor Abnormalities in Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a range of prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Phelan McDermid is a syndromic form of ASD, meaning that a known genetic component is implicated in its etiology; Shank3. In addition to typical ASD phenotypes, many patients with Phelan McDermid also exhibit sensorimotor deficits. While prior research has focused on motor deficits and their contributions to abnormal sensorimotor behaviors, whether there is a sensory neuron contribution to these phenotypes has not been addressed. In this study, our goal was to discern if disruption of Shank3 function in peripheral somatosensory neurons of experimental mice would affect fine sensorimotor behaviors. We addressed this question by employing conditional mouse genetics and behavioral assays. We found that the deletion of Shank3 specifically in peripheral somatosensory neurons resulted in several ASD-like phenotypes, including fine sensorimotor dysfunction. These findings indicate that Shank3 dysfunction in peripheral sensory neurons contributes to abnormal fine sensorimotor behaviors...... Mulligan, Alexandra Biology Advisors: Todd Williams, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology; Josef Kurtz, Ph.D., Professor of Biology Impact of Busulfan Toxicity on Lymphoid Organs and Cellularity in a Mouse Model
Busulfan is an alkylating agent commonly used as a chemotherapeutic to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) because it ablates bone marrow. The effects on other lymphoid organs such as the thymus and spleen are unknown. It is hypothesized that Busulfan will target lymphoid cell lineages in these organs and initiate an apoptotic effect. To evaluate the effect of Busulfan on bone marrow, the thymus, and the spleen, we conducted an in vivo toxicity experiment in a mouse model. We measured the apoptotic effect on these organs and analyzed the cells on a Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) instrument. Analysis of the FACS data following seven days after the start of the dosing showed a significant decrease in overall cellularity, and a decrease in the lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages. Toxicity was also indicated by an apoptotic effect observed in all of the organs studied...... Nasser, Jared Biology Advisors: Todd Williams, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology; Josef Kurtz, Ph.D., Professor of Biology Impact of MHC Molecule Difference on the Contribution of Hematopoietic Central Nervous System (CNS) Macrophages
Microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have been found to be hematopoietically derived in a transplant model. This study investigated an allogeneic mouse model in which donor marrow from mice MHC class II H-2b was transplanted into MHC class II H-2d mice to study if MHC barriers affect CNS contribution. Our hypothesis states the MHC difference should not affect donor CNS contribution. Busulfan and T-cell depletion was utilized to prevent rejection of donor marrow. Allogeneic chimeras were established that did not reject donor marrow and exhibited greater than 70% peripheral chimerism by week 8. CNS donor GFP+ chimerism levels show a 0.5-2% contribution from the hematopoietic system. Immunofluorescence microscopy imaging shows ramified, and amoeboid donor derived microglial cells within the CNS. These data suggest that the MHC difference does not have a quantitative or qualitative effect on the contribution of these cells to the CNS.
...... Nocera, Christiana Political Science Advisor: Adam Silver, PhD, Assistant Professor of Political Science Food Insecurity in Massachusetts Schools: An Assessment of the Nationals School Lunch and Breakfast Program
It is widely accepted that food insecurity among school aged children is associated with increased health risks and educational disadvantages. One way to mediate the adverse effects of food insecurity is through the implementation of public policy, such as meal programs in schools. Using Massachusetts public schools as a case study, this research will examine the effectiveness of the National School Lunch Program, NSLP, and the School Breakfast Program, SBP, in the fight against food insecurity. I examine program participation as the main mode of success. Combining survey data with school district demographics, this research will assess school district leadership and clarity of school policies as a means to increase participation...... O’Donovan, Kaleigh Education Advisor: Christine Leighton, EdD, Assistant Professor of Education Integrating Wraparound Services into Schools Specifically for Children with Severe Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
This project focuses on the importance of consistent services for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Often students are given services to help stabilize them while at school but not beyond in their homes or communities. Providing wraparound services is a potential solution to this issue. These services focus on the child and family and include social, mental health, educational, health, and recreational supports, and can also include substance abuse and vocational services. I conducted a case study involving three students comparing their current services to the Wraparound model. Findings suggest that there is a lack of services available for students outside of school and recommendations are made with respect to components that could be added to improve their experience. By incorporating more aspects of the Wraparound model we could help more students meet with success in the public school system...... Pachico, Meghan Communications, Media and Cultural Studies Advisor: Andrea McDonnell, PhD, Associate Professor of Communication & Media Studies Guilts & Pleasures of TV Talk Shows
In order for a text to be deemed a “guilty pleasure,”there must be a precise balance between distress and enjoyment for the viewer. However, this balance must ultimately fail, allowing the scale to tip in favor of pleasure (despite an apparent sense of guilt) and grant the viewer permission to watch. But what factors are being weighed by the viewer? And, furthermore, what are the consequences of this rationalization for both the viewer and the viewed? This study considers these factors and the ramifications of guilty engagement throughThe Maury Show— a syndicated talk show that’s been on air since 1991, producing twenty-six seasons despite receiving harsh criticism for the tabloid content it produces. Findings expand on how the inherent otherness of the show creates a natural distance between the viewer and the viewed, and how this engagement exploits the viewed and permeates negative stereotypes...... Paez, Marcella History Advisor: Jeffrey Fortin, Ph.D., Associate Professor of History Re-carving Wooden Women: Sexualized Perceptions of Women aboard Ships during the Age of Sail
This paper will focus on perceptions of female sexuality aboard ships during the Age of Sail, comparing the histories of ship figureheads to women on ships. Women’s sexuality was often portrayed in a negative light onboard ships, yet mythified, glorified, and revered when they were represented in artworks, literature, and the infamous “wooden women,” also known as figureheads. Figureheads became a pivotal part of the ship and myths of life aboard ships for captains and sailors. The objectification, hypersexualized of figureheads led to a duality for women at sea.
...... Patenaude, Ryan Biology Advisors: Lauren Broom, Ph.D., Research Fellow; Veronique VanderHorst, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Neurology Using a Translational Approach to Capture Gait Signatures of Parkinson’s Disease in Mice for Potential Treatment Applications
Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic cells in the brain leading to loss of voluntary motor functions. An approach for capturing gait signatures for movement disorders can bring advantages for current research to allow for better translations between animal models and humans. The gait of a healthy mouse model was recorded and later the gait of the lesioned animal was analyzed. Brain tissue was analyzed to quantify amount of neuron loss. Specific aspects of gait were measured as a function of velocity. Differences in stride length (-15.2%), and stance duration (12.9%) was detected in the lesioned group. The characteristics of cadence and swing duration were not significantly altered within this study. The data supports that this is likely a valid approach to measure gait signatures of Parkinson’s to allow for greater translation and specificity between animal models and humans for clinical and research use.
...... Peck, Taylor Education Advisor: Lisa Schneier, PhD, Assistant Professor of Education “Is Fair Always Equal?” A Study of Classroom Inclusion
The common misconception that fair is equal can present problems for students in inclusive classrooms. Rather, fairness in the classroom is more often founded on an individual student’s needs rather than equality with others. Drawing from the research of Yu & Ostrosky, Berry, Duckworth, and several others, I explore the issue further on what students consider fair when thinking of their education: I then use information this to develop and implement a five week unit for first grade students at the Mission Grammar School in Roxbury, MA. This unit highlights the definition of fair and what it may look like in an inclusive classroom, leading into the understanding that fair does not always mean equal. My project includes the research, the five week unit and its results, several interventions created to encourage a more accepting view of inclusion, as well as applications for this unit in the future...... Peterson, Emalee Biology Advisor: Sandeep Robert Datta, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Neurobiology Examination of the Ability of Two Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Mouse Models to React to and Discriminate between Various Odors
Sensory issues have been singled out as a possible contributor to the development of social impairments, a core symptom of ASD. This study aimed to examine olfactory deficits, a symptom seen in various neurological disorders, in two mouse models of ASD that carry either a Nlgn3 or Shank3 mutation. Previous experiments have demonstrated that both mutant models display social deficits, while Shank3 mutant mice exhibit increased anxiety. We assessed olfactory identification and discrimination in these strains using an open field arena (OFA) and go no-go assay (GNG). Both mutants exhibited deficits in the GNG task. In the OFA, Nlgn3-/y mice exhibited less freezing behavior in response to the aversive odor, 2,5- dimethylpyrazine (DMP). Shank3b+/- mice avoided DMP less than the other genotypes but exhibited more freezing behavior, similar to the phenotype expressed by Shank3b null mice. These results suggest that individual strains have genotype- specific differences in odor discrimination and valence perception.
...... Piatt, Sadie Chemistry Advisor: Allen Price, PhD, Associate Professor of Physics Development & Application of Single-Molecule TIRFM to the Study of Facilitated Diffusion by Type II Restriction Enzyme EcoRI
DNA-binding proteins are known to locate their target sequences with astonishing speed and specificity. How do they do so? The theory of facilitated diffusion explains this efficiency through one- and three-dimensional searches of the genome. While this mechanism has been studied in great detail through ensemble approaches, single-molecule biophysical approaches allow for direct visualization of DNA sliding. In this study, we report the development of single-particle tracking using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We have visualized the restriction endonuclease EcoRI and tracked its path along DNA using singly-tethered, flow-stretched DNA molecules and quantum-dot labeled, catalytically-dead enzyme. Diffusion coefficients, dwell times on DNA molecules, and sequence-dependent search behavior (sliding versus stalling on the DNA) are reported. Lack of diffusion coefficient dependence on salt indicates that hopping and jumping are not major search strategies. Genomic locations of stalling events map roughly onto clusters of known star sites, or non- cognate cleavage sites...... Powers, Alex Biology Advisor: Tim Bartels, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Neurology Lipid Binding Behavior of Alpha-Synuclein: A Parkinson's Disease Associated Protein
Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the presence of aggregated α-synuclein (αS), a neuronal protein. αS undergoes conformational remodeling from disordered to membrane- bound α-helix upon vesicle binding. A mutation in the αS gene (E46K) causes early-onset PD. Our lab has previously shown how multiple E46K-like mutations exacerbate the effects of the E46K mutation. While the etiology of PD is unknown, it is becoming increasingly clear that the interplay between αS and lipid interfaces plays a key role in health and disease. Using biophysical techniques, we quantified the helical content and membrane affinity of the E46K and E46K-like mutants upon liposome binding. We found a stepwise increase in affinity and with each additional E-to-K substitution. Additionally, in the triple mutant the selectivity for small vesicles was severely reduced. Overall, these results suggest that abnormalities in the lipid binding behavior of αS could disrupt vesicle trafficking...... Reilly, Samantha English Advisor: Lisa M. Stepanski, PhD, Professor of English Mary’s Gothic Phase: Ann Radcliffe’s Expropriation of Disciplic Femininity
Despite the enormous popularity of her Gothic novels during her lifetime, author Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823) left behind little documentation of her life and religious beliefs. The latter, however, plays a significant role in her most famous novel, The Mysteries of Udolpho. A close reading of that text reveals frequent instances in which Radcliffe places female characters, clearly modeled on biblical disciples such as Mary Magdalene and Martha, within gothic contexts. Yet scholars have largely ignored this aspect of her work. This presentation examines the ways in which she constructs an amalgamated faith that claims theological space for female disciples. Radcliffe at once explores the space allotted for women within Christianity and formulates an idealized space for them beyond it. Radcliffe is thus revealed as a feminist theologian who, contrary to conventional interpretations, deliberately employed the gothic as a means of exploring her faith and giving voice to female discipleship.
...... Reilly, Samantha Theology Advisor: Jaime Vidaurrazaga, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Theology “I Might Chuse with David:” Biblical Self-Insertion in Unmediated Female Puritan Conversion Narratives
While Puritanism is often regarded today as an unpleasant and patriarchal religion, this project offers a counter narrative. The project explores the ways in which two Puritan women, Katherine Sutton and an anonymous author, drew comfort and solace from their Puritan beliefs. They subtly inserted themselves into the Bible through their unmediated conversion narratives (i.e. those unedited by a minister). By doing so, they claimed a place in Puritan theological conversations that traditionally excluded them...... Roberge, Ashley Psychology: Counseling and Health Advisor: Linda Lin, PhD, Associate Professor of Psychology The Relationship between Praise and Criticism from Different Sources and Male Body Image
Research has indicated an increased prevalence in male body image dissatisfaction. However, little information is known about how praise and criticism from different sources including female and male family and peers effect male body image. This study hopes to fill this gap by examining how the source of the praise and criticism men receive is related to body dissatisfaction and muscle dysmorphia. Two hundred and fifty male participants from the United States who are over the age of 18 were recruited from an online system to complete surveys about the body-related praise and criticism they receive from male and female friends and family members, muscle dysmorphia, and male body dissatisfaction. The main findings suggested praise and criticism from different peer sources appear to have a greater impact on muscle dysmorphia and body dissatisfaction than family sources...... Rowe, Jonathan Writing, Editing, and Publishing Advisor: Monique-Adelle Callahan, Ph.D., Professor of English Cross-cultural Navigations in Julia Alvarez’s How the García Girls Lost their Accents and Chimamanda Adichie’s Americanah
Recent scholarship on childhood has suggested that children who migrate between cultural and national spaces form unique identities independent of their parents. Pollock and Van Reken add to this theory with their concept of Cross- Cultural Kids (CCKs). This term refers to children from diverse national, racial, ethnic and economic backgrounds who encounter multiple cultures during their developmental years and develop transcultural identities as a result. This paper examines Yolanda and Sofia in Julia Alvarez's How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents and Dike in Chimamanda Adichie's Americanah using Pollock and Van Reken’s CCK concept. It proposes that these children form and perform transcultural identities post-migration because of exposure to, and interactions with, the cultures of their host countries and countries of origin. In addition, it suggests that returning to countries of origin is important in each child’s transcultural identity formation and attenuation of cultural loss...... Sady, Jacqueline Education Advisor: Patterson Rogers, PhD, Assistant Professor of Mathematics Education Defining Individual Success through Modifications and Accommodations: A Case Study
The focus of this project is a case study of a second-grade student with attention issues and an Individualized Education Program (IEP) that has tested her below grade level in reading and mathematics. This study seeks to define individual success for this student and discusses modifications and accommodations to instruction made in order to support this student academically. Three types of modifications were investigated: Behavior, focus, and finding motivations, Parallel tasks for math activities and games, and Different math process but same solution. To follow, outcomes and lessons learned from this implementation are discussed for both the student and myself, as the teacher.
...... Shea, Lauren Modern Languages: Spanish Advisor: Jose Ignacio Álvarez-Fernández, PhD, Associate Professor of Modern Languages Spanish Syllabus Project: Pedagogy and Content
The Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language Syllabus Project will focus on the pedagogical aspects of teaching Spanish as a foreign language and will present the ancillary materials essential to promote and facilitate language acquisition in a classroom setting. As a project team, Darien will focus on the pedagogical aspects of teaching a foreign language by providing evidence for the different types of teaching approaches; and Lauren will research readings demonstrating evidence to support the Subject Matter Knowledge Requirements...... Soares, Madison Management Advisor: Kelly Basile, PhD, Assistant Professor of Management The Future of Work: A Substitution and Augmentation of Human Labor with Intelligent Automation
This qualitative study uses current workforce trends and sentiments, historical changes in the American workforce, and relevant theory and literature on human capital to examine the mutually-inclusive nature of augmented human and machine labor in the workforce. Soft skills such as decision-making, emotional intelligence, and customer relationship management are used as metrics across three case studies on Salesforce, Pymetrics, and Tesla to demonstrate how understanding and implementing the use of soft skills in the workplace can benefit businesses by improving communication, time management, and organization. It is predicted that the use of intelligent automation in the workplace results in some low-level, task-oriented human jobs being replaced by intelligent automation, and that human workers take on new tasks and jobs that necessitate the use of human soft skills...... Spratt, Olivia Art History Advisor: Cynthia Fowler, PhD, Professor of Art Constructions of Time in Contemporary Art Practice
Many contemporary artists are beginning to grapple with the concept of time and what it means for us in this rapidly accelerating day and age. The overbearing presence that technology has in our lives contributes to this ever-increasing rate of acceleration and has altered our understanding of time as a society today. In my paper, I refer to “timeless time,” when the present is experienced as a never ending series of instantaneous sensations without the felt passage of time. A number of contemporary artists have created a significant resistance to the pervasiveness of timeless time resulting from digital technologies by engaging the labor-intensive nature of craft production. This paper examines the works of artists Wendell Castle, Sudarshan Shetty, and Maarten Baas. Through their use of analog clocks and the incorporation of labor-intensive practices, these artists reveal the ways that new constructions of time define—and limit—twenty-first century culture...... Stiles, Ashley Education Advisor: Patterson Rogers, PhD, Assistant Professor of Mathematics Education Volume Car Project: Implementation of an Inclusive Math Unit
This distinction project presents a case study of the implementation of a project-based unit on composite volume, with a focus on accommodations and modifications created to make the unit accessible for all learners. Background is provided on the inclusive school and classroom setting for which the unit was created and implemented. An overview of the unit is presented from inception to final products. In addition, detailed discussion of implementation of key learning experiences is presented which highlight how the diverse needs of learners were met. Finally, outcomes from the unit are discussed, examining what worked for students and what I, as the teacher, learned from this experience.
...... Torres, Grasiela Biology Advisors: Jackson Buss, Ph.D., Postdoctoral fellow; Thomas Bernhardt, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Microbiology Genetic Characterization of RodZ, a Cell Shape Determinant in Escherichia Coli
The bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a polymer of sugars cross-linked by amino acids. This structure is essential, as it protects cells from osmotic lysis and maintains native morphology. Peptidoglycan is unique to bacteria, making pathways and machineries involved in its production an attractive target for antibiotics. Peptidoglycan synthesis in E. coli is carried out by the Rod system, a complex comprising six proteins. Our aim was to characterize RodZ, a Rod system protein of unknown function. We created a mutagenized plasmid library and conducted a genetic screen to identify RodZ variants that inactive the Rod system. Four RodZ variants were identified and assessed for defects in localization and morphology. We conclude from our RodZ(P180L) variant that RodZ’s periplasmic domain is important for proper Rod system function. This is consistent with our initial hypothesis that RodZ bridges the Rod system’s cytoplasmic and periplasmic components...... Vannini, Michael Biology Advisor: Anupama Seshan, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Biology Controlling MEN: Characterizing a Mutant NUD1 Allele in the S. Cerevisiae Mitotic Exit Network
Cancer arises when cells divide in an uncontrolled manner. Several types of cancer have been linked to improper cell cycle regulation. The S. cerevisiae Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) provides a model for studying the regulation of cell division. The MEN is homologous to the HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway found in mammalian cells. This study aims to characterize a hyperactive allele of the MEN spindle pole body (SPB) scaffolding protein Nud1, known as nud1-A308T. We found that nud1-A308T displays a moderate bypass of the mitotic Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. We also determined that nud1-A308T functions downstream of the MEN GTPase TEM1, but requires the function of MEN kinases Cdc15 and Dbf2 and the co- activator Mob1. Our data supports the hypothesis that nud1-A308T contains an additional SPB phospho-docking site to recruit the Mob1-Dbf2 complex. These studies will be informative in elucidating how the HIPPO scaffold protein SAV1 is regulated to prevent tumor formation...... Varca, Nicole History Advisor: Jeffrey Fortin, PhD, Associate Professor of History Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death: Social Stigmas of PTSD in the Military
The purpose of this paper is to uncover the transformation of social views of mental health illnesses in militiamen from the Revolutionary War to the modern day. The goal is to understand the symptoms, how soldiers were diagnosed, what treatments were available and how society viewed these men in a time-period when mental health was not as widely accepted as it is becoming now. We take pride in the strength and bravery we have as a nation. This was shaped and is still defended by the very men that are ridiculed and shunned for their mental health disparities while showing that same strength and bravery overseas......