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Augustus Dönemi Din Ve Din Propagandasi

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Augustus Dönemi Din Ve Din Propagandasi T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH (ESKİÇAĞ TARİHİ) ANABİLİM DALI AUGUSTUS DÖNEMİ DİN VE DİN PROPAGANDASI Yüksek Lisans Tezi Pervin SEVGI Ankara - 2006 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH (ESKİÇAĞ TARİHİ) ANABİLİM DALI AUGUSTUS DÖNEMİ DİN VE DİN PROPAGANDASI Yüksek Lisans Tezi Pervin SEVGI Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Ömer ÇAPAR Ankara - 2006 2 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH (ESKİÇAĞ TARİHİ) ANABİLİM DALI AUGUSTUS DÖNEMİ DİN VE DİN PROPAGANDASI Yüksek Lisans Tezi Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Ömer ÇAPAR Tez Jürisi Üyeleri Adı ve Soyadı İmzası .................................................................... ........................................ .................................................................... ........................................ .................................................................... ........................................ .................................................................... ......................................... .................................................................... ......................................... .................................................................... ......................................... Tez Sınav Tarihi…………………… iii İÇİNDEKİLER İçindekiler ...................................................................................................................I Önsöz ....................................................................................................................... IV Kısaltmalar ..............................................................................................................VII Kaynakların Tanıtımı ............................................................................................... IX I. Edebi Kaynaklar ................................................................................................ VIII II. Nümizmatik Kaynaklar ......................................................................................XX III. Arkeolojik Kaynaklar....................................................................................XXIII I. Bölüm ..................................................................................................................... 1 Giriş............................................................................................................................ 1 II. Bölüm .................................................................................................................... 7 II. I.Roma Dinine Genel Bakış................................................................................... 8 II. I. 2. Roma, Romalı ve Din..................................................................................... 7 II. I. 3. Roma Tanrıları ............................................................................................. 13 II. I. 4. Dini Tören .................................................................................................... 18 II. I. 5. Dua ............................................................................................................... 20 II. I. 6. Kurban.......................................................................................................... 25 II. I. 7. Diğer Dini Aktiviteler .................................................................................. 31 II. I. 8. Oyunlar......................................................................................................... 35 II. I. 9. Dini Takvim ................................................................................................. 36 II. I. 10. Roma Dininin Kutsal Mekânları ................................................................ 49 II. I. 11. Özel Tapınım.............................................................................................. 51 II. I. 12. Rahiplik...................................................................................................... 53 iv II. I. 13. Roma Dini ve Ölüm ................................................................................... 59 II. I. 13. a. Ölünün Ardından Yapılan Dini Tören ................................................... 59 II. I. 14. Roma’da Gizem Dinleri ............................................................................. 60 III. Bölüm................................................................................................................. 65 III. I. Augustus İmparator Olmadan Önce Kariyerini ve Politik Bakışını Etkileyen Olaylar...................................................................................................................... 65 IV. Bölüm................................................................................................................. 78 IV. I. Augustus Döneminde Roma Dini................................................................... 78 V. Bölüm................................................................................................................ 129 V. I. Sanatla Yapılan Dini Propaganda .................................................................. 129 V. I. 1 Mimari Yapılar ve Dekorasyonlar .............................................................. 130 V. I. 1. a. Augustus Forumu................................................................................... 130 V. I. 1 b. Apollo Tapınağı ...................................................................................... 131 V. I. 1. c. Mars Ultor Tapınağı............................................................................... 132 V. I. 1. d. Lares Sunağı .......................................................................................... 133 V. I. 1. e. Ara Pacis Augustae ( Barış Sunağı )...................................................... 133 V. I. 2. Küçük Sanat Eserleri.................................................................................. 138 V. I. 3. Heykeller ve Portreler. .............................................................................. 139 V. I. 4. Sikkeler ...................................................................................................... 141 V. II. Edebiyat ile Yapılan Din Propagandası........................................................ 147 V. II. 1. Ovidius ve Fasti........................................................................................ 149 V. II. 2. Vergilius ve Aeneis .................................................................................. 151 V. II. 3. Horatius ve Carmen Saeculare ve Carmina.............................................. 153 Sonuç...................................................................................................................... 156 v Özet ........................................................................................................................ 160 Summary ................................................................................................................ 161 Kaynakça................................................................................................................ 162 Ekler ....................................................................................................................... 181 Ek – 1 Mimari Yapılar ve Dekorasyonlar.................................................................... Ek – 2 Heykeller........................................................................................................... Ek – 3 Sikkeler............................................................................................................. Ek – 4 Roma Şehri ve Augustus Dönemi Roma Toprakları ........................................ Ek – 5 Roma Rahiplik Kurumu ve Görevleri............................................................... Ek – 6 İmparatorluk Dönemi Rahiplik Kurumları ....................................................... Ek – 7 Kronoloji........................................................................................................... Ek – 8 Tanrılar ve Tanrıçalar ....................................................................................... Ek – 9 Iulio Claudius Aile Ağacı ................................................................................. vi ÖNSÖZ Roma dinini anlamak, aslında bugün var olan ve kitleleri peşinden sürükleyen tek tanrılı dinleri anlamak demektir. Kuralları, ritüelleri ve inanış sistemleri birbirinden farklı olsa da çok ya da tek tanrılı dinlerde iç dinamikler birbirinden farklı değildir. Ver ki alasın düşüncesi, tanrının ya da tanrıların büyüklüğü, duanın ve kurbanın gerekliliği ve düzenleyen, denetleyen kurumların varlığı her ikisinde de vardır. Ancak, tek ya da çok tanrılı dinler arasındaki asıl benzerlik, bu konunun propagandasını yaparak, insanları peşinden sürükleyebilme gücüdür. Roma dini akıl üstü bir temele akılcı bir sistemi oturtmaktadır ki, bu çok büyük ve önemli bir başarıdır. Saf olmamak ve çalıntı olmakla suçlanan bu din, dini kuramlar ve felsefi açıklamalar konusunda yetersiz olsa da, sistemleşme ve dini, toplumun ihtiyaçlarına uyarlama konusunda kusursuz olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, Roma dininin sistemleşmesini sağlayan, bununla birlikte bu dini siyaset ve sanatla iç içe koyan Roma’nın büyük imparatoru Augustus’un hükümranlığı döneminde din ve din propagandası incelenmektedir. Dinin huzur verici özelliği, kitleleri belli bir noktada tutabilme yeteneği ve itaat ettirme başarısını iyi tahlil eden imparatorun, bu yönleri kullanılarak nasıl bir propaganda yürüttüğü araştırılan temel konudur.
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