Fisher E.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fisher E.Pdf LATE PLEISTOCENE TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND HUNTER GATHERER BEHAVIOR AT MOCHE BORAGO ROCKSHELTER, SODO-WOLAYTA, ETHIOPIA: FLAKED STONE ARTIFACTS FROM THE EARLY OIS 3 (60 – 43 KA) DEPOSITS By ERICH C. FISHER A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2010 1 © 2010 Erich C. Fisher 2 To the Wolayta people living at Moche Borago today. Tosimo. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my committee chair, and friend, Dr. Steven Brandt first and foremost for his support, advice, and wisdom these past few years. I also thank my doctoral committee for their advice throughout the entire Ph.D. process. My research was graciously funded by the J. William Fulbright U.S. student program, and I would particularly like to thank my Fulbright program adviser, Jermaine Jones as well as Yohannes Birhanu at the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa. I also acknowledge the support of Dr. Zinabu Gebremariam, Markos Tekle, and the faculty and staff at Hawassa University who warmly received me, gave me space to work, and accommodation. Similarly, I thank Wezeru Mamitu Yilma and Ato Menker Bitew at the National Museum of Ethiopia for providing space to analyze the collections, and the Sodo Bureau of Culture, SNNPR Bureau of Culture, and, most importantly, the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage for their continued support of SWEAP research. In particular, I thank Ato Jara Hailemariam, Director of ARCCH, and Dr. Yonas Beyene, Head of Archaeology. I would be remiss not to acknowledge my appreciation to Ms. Anna Fernyhough and Dr. Gebre Yntiso for accommodation and friendship while I was living in Ethiopia. I also thank Stephen Burns, Jason Cosford, Hai Cheng, Antje Voelker, Syee Weldeab, Seifu Kebede, Mohammed Umer, and Henry Lamb for providing ideas and/or data about paleolclimates related to my research. Lastly, I extend my most gracious thank you to my parents, my family, and my friends who have supported me tirelessly throughout these past few years. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................12 CHAPTERS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................16 2 THE PALEOCLIMATIC AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT IN THE HORN OF AFRICA FROM OIS 4 TO OIS 3 ........................................................................22 Glacial and Interglacial Cycling .............................................................................................22 Major Data Sources ................................................................................................................24 Millennial Scale Events During OIS 4 and OIS 3 ..................................................................25 Heinrich Events ...............................................................................................................26 Dansgaard-Oeschger Events ............................................................................................28 West African and SW Asian Monsoonal Systems ..........................................................29 The Paleoclimatic and Paleoenvironmental Context of Europe, Asia, and Africa Between 65 and 43ka ..........................................................................................................31 OIS 4: 73.5 to 65 ka .........................................................................................................31 OIS 4 to OIS 3: 65 to 55 ka .............................................................................................32 Early OIS 3: 55 to 48 ka ..................................................................................................33 Early-Mid OIS 3: 48 to 43 ka ..........................................................................................36 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................37 3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THEORETICAL IDEAS ABOUT HUNTER-GATHERER BEHAVIORAL VARIABILITYAND ARID CLIMATIC EVENTS DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE ...........................................................................................................47 Modern Human Behaviors ......................................................................................................47 Late Pleistocene Behavioral Variability in the Archaeological Record .................................48 Arid-Adaptation Ideas Since the Early 20th century ..............................................................49 1900-1940 ........................................................................................................................50 1940-Present-Day ............................................................................................................51 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................53 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN EASTERN AFRICA DATING TO THE LATE PLEISTOCENE (OIS 4 AND OIS 3) .....................................................................................56 OIS 3 Archaeological Record: Limitations ............................................................................56 Chronological and Sampling Problems ...........................................................................56 Problems Arising from Late Pleistocene Demography and Settlement Patterns ............58 5 OIS 3 Archaeological Record: Available Data .......................................................................59 Mode 4 and Mode 5 Stone Tools ....................................................................................60 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................63 5 MOCHE BORAGO ROCKSHELTER: LOCATION, ORAL HISTORY, AND PRIOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH......................................................................................65 Physiography of the Wolayta Region .....................................................................................65 Ethiopian Rift Valley System ..........................................................................................66 Climate ............................................................................................................................66 Physiography and Vegetation ..........................................................................................67 Language .........................................................................................................................69 Political History ...............................................................................................................70 Local History of Moche Borago Rockshelter .........................................................................71 Prior Archaeological Research at Moche Borago ..................................................................72 GEPCA Excavations: 1998 and January-February 2000 ................................................72 GEPCA Excavation: November 2000 .............................................................................73 GEPCA Excavation: December 2001 .............................................................................74 SWEAP Excavations: 2006-2008 ....................................................................................75 SWEAP Excavations: 2006 .............................................................................................78 SWEAP Excavation: 2007 ..............................................................................................80 SWEAP Excavation: 2008 ..............................................................................................81 Esay Rockshelter ....................................................................................................................83 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................83 6 THE LITHO-STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE AT MOCHE BORAGO ROCKSHELTER DURING EARLY OIS 3 ..........................................................................87 Litho-Stratigraphic Units Versus Culture-Stratigraphic Units ...............................................87 Methods ..................................................................................................................................88 Stratigraphic Descriptions and Profiles ...........................................................................88 Multidimensional GIS (mDGIS) Modeling .....................................................................89 Bulk Sample Analysis .....................................................................................................90 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry ...........................................................90 X-Ray Florescence ..........................................................................................................91 Magnetic Susceptibility ...................................................................................................93
Recommended publications
  • The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa
    Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Introduction 20 The African archeological record of 43-28 ka as a comparison 21 A - The Aurignacian has no direct equivalent in Africa 21 B - Archaic hominins persist in Africa through much of the Late Pleistocene 24 C - High modification symbolic artifacts in Africa and Eurasia 24 Conclusions 26 Acknowledgements 26 References cited 27 To cite this article Tryon C. A. , 2015 - The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa, in White R., Bourrillon R. (eds.) with the collaboration of Bon F., Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe, Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University, P@lethnology, 7, 19-33. http://www.palethnologie.org 19 P@lethnology | 2015 | 19-33 Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Abstract The Aurignacian technocomplex in Eurasia, dated to ~43-28 ka, has no direct archeological taxonomic equivalent in Africa during the same time interval, which may reflect differences in inter-group communication or differences in archeological definitions currently in use. Extinct hominin taxa are present in both Eurasia and Africa during this interval, but the African archeological record has played little role in discussions of the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens, unlike the Aurignacian. Sites in Eurasia and Africa by 42 ka show the earliest examples of personal ornaments that result from extensive modification of raw materials, a greater investment of time that may reflect increased their use in increasingly diverse and complex social networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Remains from the Mumba Cave,Lake Eyasi . 1957.Pdf
    Fish remains from the Mumba Cave, Lake Eyasi Item Type article Authors Greenwood, P.H. Download date 25/09/2021 01:58:45 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/32698 Sonderabdruck aus Mitteilungen aus clem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg ,.,., Heft 26, S. 125-130, Hamburg 1957 e. Pisces Fish reInains froIn the MUInba Cave, Lake Eyasi by . P. H. GREENWOOD, East African Fisheries Research Organiz~tio~, Jinja, Uganda. Through the courtesy of Dr. U. LEHMANN of the Geologisches Staatsinstitut, Ham­ ,....... burg, I have been able to examine the fish remains collected froPl the Mumba Cave by .5\ l Professor KOHL-LARSEN'S 1938 expedition. Fish remains were obtained from the third (Homo sapiens; late Stone Age) and fifth ('Africanthropus'; Stillbay) strata, and comprise vertebrae,'neurocranial fragments and fin spines. The majority are slightly mineralized (as measured by their hardness and weight) and are lightly coloured, but a small proportion are dark brown in colour and are more heavily mineralized. Fossils from anyone depth usually show some intergra­ dation in hardness and coloration, but specimens in the "pale-soft" category predomi­ nate. In general, the bones are well preserved and consequently a high proportion (over 9st can be identified generically. But, since specific characters are not clearly reflected in any of the elements preserved, it is impossible tD name the species present. The material had been pre-sorted into collections from successive 20 cm depths within each horizon and will be described according to this grouping. 125 " ....., 0', .' . '> .". ;, . ,~ ~ , il,,; . ~ q .... ~ \~ *; ........... - . ~ 'i ( 1 ~~' \~- Horizon III : (Homo sapiens; late Stone-age cultures) 0,0-0,2 m deep.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Alberta
    University of Alberta A typological and technological analysis of stone artefacts from the Magubike archaeological site, Iringa Region, southern Tanzania by Katharine Virginia Alexander A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Anthropology ©Katharine Alexander Fall 2010 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-68050-6 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-68050-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats.
    [Show full text]
  • The Middle and Later Stone Age of the Article Introduces New Sites and Presents Preliminary Iringa Region, Southern Tanzania: an Results from the Initial Fieldwork
    NYAME AKUMA No. 68 DECEMBER 2007 TANZANIA was done to test models of the emergence of modern humans in this part of Africa (Willoughby 2007). This The Middle and Later Stone Age of the article introduces new sites and presents preliminary Iringa Region, southern Tanzania: An results from the initial fieldwork. Pamela Willoughby Introduction describes the sites, the general framework of this re- search project, and the cultural history of Iringa. Her Katie Biittner two PhD students, Katie Biittner and Pastory Bushozi, Department of Anthropology discuss their own research. University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H4 E-mail: [email protected] What does it mean to be a modern hu- man? Pastory M. Bushozi Department of Anthropology Anatomically modern people (Homo sapiens) University of Alberta are found throughout Africa, as far back as 195,000 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H4 years ago. But their associated artifacts are Middle Stone Age (MSA) or Middle Palaeolithic (MP). How- AND Archaeology Unit ever, it is not until their descendants reached Europe Department of History and become Cro-Magnons with Upper Palaeolithic University of Dar es Salaam (UP) tools that they are considered to be truly mod- P. O. Box 35050 ern. Innovations said to appear only with the Upper Dar es Salaam, Tanzania) Palaeolithic include (1) blade tools, (2) bone, ivory E-mail: [email protected] and antler tools, (3) jewelry and art, (4) curation of tools, (5) long distance transport of resources, (6) Pamela R. Willoughby information networks and the first true ethnic groups, Department of Anthropology (7) collector strategy of mobility, (8) specialization in University of Alberta hunting one or two animal species, (9) use of fish or Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H4 shellfish, (10) more complex burials, (11) expansion E-mail: [email protected] into new territories, and (12) association with ana- tomically modern Homo sapiens (Mellars 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • On the Variability of Middle Stone Age Lithic Technology During MIS3 in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
    On the variability of Middle Stone Age lithic technology during MIS3 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Dissertation der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von Gregor Donatus Bader aus Stuttgart Tübingen 2017 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. Tag der mündlichen Qualifikation: 18.10.2017 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Rosenstiel 1. Berichterstatter Prof. Nicholas J. Conard PhD 2. Berichterstatter Prof. Dr. Michael Bolus Table of Contents I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II II. SUMMARY/ZUSAMMENFASSUNG IV III. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS VII i.) Accepted publications VII ii.) Manuscripts ready for submission VII IV. PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION VIII Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Objectives and expected output 9 Chapter 3: Results and discussion 10 3.1. Characterizing the MIS3 post HP/Sibudan 10 assemblage of Sibudu 3.2. Holley Shelter and its place within the MSA 13 chronology of eastern South Africa 3.3. Umbeli Belli, the forgotten MSA site of KwaZulu- 18 Natal 3.4. A Return to Umbeli Belli. First insights of recent 22 excavations and implications for the final MSA in KwaZulu-Natal 3.5. Bringing the Middle Stone Age into clearer focus 27 Chapter 4: Conclusion 28 References 31 APPENDIX 42 I I. Acknowledgements This dissertation represents the final result of three and a half years of intensive research in South Africa and another five years of studies conducted at the University of Tübingen. During this time my childhood dream of becoming an archaeologist became true. Certainly I couldn´t have achieved this without the support of several people and I deeply regret in case I forget anybody.
    [Show full text]
  • E-Thesis Vol 2
    1 BEGINNINGS OF ART: 100,000 – 28,000 BP A NEURAL APPROACH Volume 2 of 2 Helen Anderson B.A. (University of East Anglia) M.A. (University of East Anglia) Submitted for the qualification of PhD University Of East Anglia School of World Art Studies September 2009 © “This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis, nor any information derived therefrom, may be published without the author’s prior, written consent”. 2 VOLUME TWO MAPS Africa 1 India 2 Papua New Guinea/Australia 3 Levant 4 Europe 5 CATALOGUE 1. Skhul Cave 6 2. Qafzeh Cave 9 3. Grotte des Pigeons 13 4. Oued Djebanna 16 5. Blombos Cave 18 6. Wonderwerk Cave 21 7a. Blombos Cave 23 7b. Blombos Cave 26 8. Klein Kliphuis 29 9-12. Diepkloof 32 13. Boomplaas 39 14. Enkapune Ya Moto 41 15. Border Cave 43 16. Kisese II 47 17. Mumba 48 18. Apollo 11 Cave 50 19. Patne 53 20. Bacho Kiro 56 21. Istallosko 59 22. Üça ğızlı Cave 61 23. Kostenki 65 24. Abri Castanet 69 25. Abri de la Souquette 72 26. Grotte d’Isturitz 74 27. Grotte des Hyènes 77 28a. Chauvet Cave 80 28b. Chauvet Cave 83 28c. Chauvet Cave 86 29. Fumane Cave 89 30. Höhlenstein-Stadel 94 31a. Vogelherd 97 31b. Vogelherd 100 31c. Vogelherd 103 31d. Vogelherd 106 3 31e. Vogelherd 109 31f. Vogelherd 112 31g. Vogelherd 115 31h. Vogelherd 118 31i.
    [Show full text]
  • Session C60 Paleopathology Medical Approach of the Relations Between
    UISPP / IUPPS | XV Congress / XV Congrès | Book of Abstracts / Livre des Résumés Session C60 Thursday, 7 September 2006 / Jeudi, 7 Septembre 2006 Room 5.2, Faculty of Letters, Lisbon University Salle 5.2, Faculté de Lettres, Université de Lisbonne Paleopathology Medical approach of the relations between man and environment in Prehistory. Paléopathologie Approche médicale aux relations entre l’Homme et l’Environnement en Préhistoire organized by / organisé par Bertrand MAFART Laboratoire d’Anthropologie, UMR6569, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France - [email protected] SESSION’S ABSTRACT Among the parameters governing relations between the prehistoric man and his environment, the medical component was essential. The modifications of the biotopes, technical progress human like the acquisition of fire and the cooking of food, the neolithisation with the proximity of the domesticated animals played a major role in the relations of the man and his in particular microbiological environment. Recent progress in paleoparasitology, molecular and genetic biology allows new approachs of the relations between Prehistoric men and its environment. This colloquium will make it possible to gather the best international teams for a new step to prehistoric paleopathology. SESSION PROGRAMME / PROGRAMME DE LA SESSION 11:00 Opening / Ouverture 11:00-11:15 Maria Giovanna BELCASTRO (Bologna, Italy) Benedetta BONFIGLIOLI (Bologna, Italy) Silvana CONDEMI (Marseille, France) Fiorenzo FACCHINI (Bologna, Italy) Valentina MARIOTTI (Bologna, Italy) C60-01 The biocultural perspective to the study of the alterations of the human skeletal remains of the Epipalaeolithic necropolis of Taforalt (Morocco, 12- 11000 BP). 11:15-11:30 Virgílio do ROSÁRIO C60-02 Malaria and human evolution 11:30-11:45 DEBONO MAFART C60-03 Activité et lésions osseuses en Préhistoire: que reste t’il de la tracéologie? Lisbon / Lisbonne, 2006 | #350 UISPP / IUPPS | XV Congress / XV Congrès | Session C60 11:45-12:00 S.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Border Cave and the Beginning of the Later Stone Age in South Africa
    Border Cave and the beginning of the Later Stone Age in South Africa Paola Villaa,b,c,1, Sylvain Sorianod, Tsenka Tsanovae, Ilaria Deganof, Thomas F. G. Highamg, Francesco d’Erricoc,h, Lucinda Backwelli,j, Jeannette J. Lucejkof, Maria Perla Colombinif, and Peter B. Beaumontk aUniversity of Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO 80309-0265; bSchool of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, iBernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, School of Geosciences, and jInstitute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa; cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)–Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence, France; dArchéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité, Université Paris Ouest, CNRS, 92023 Nanterre, France; eMax-Planck- Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; fDipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; gResearch Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, England; hInstitute for Archaeology, History, Cultural and Religious Studies, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; and kArchaeology Department, McGregor Museum, Kimberley 8300, South Africa Edited* by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved June 26, 2012 (received for review February 14, 2012) The transition from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) to the Later Stone jects], together with high frequencies of microliths made by the Age (LSA) in South Africa was not associated with the appearance of bipolar technique and hafted with pitch, and of scaled pieces mark anatomically modern humans and the extinction of Neandertals, as the beginning of the LSA (early LSA or ELSA) at Border Cave.
    [Show full text]
  • Border Cave and the Beginning of the Later Stone Age in South Africa
    Border Cave and the beginning of the Later Stone Age in South Africa Paola Villaa,b,c,1, Sylvain Sorianod, Tsenka Tsanovae, Ilaria Deganof, Thomas F. G. Highamg, Francesco d’Erricoc,h, Lucinda Backwelli,j, Jeannette J. Lucejkof, Maria Perla Colombinif, and Peter B. Beaumontk aUniversity of Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO 80309-0265; bSchool of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, iBernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, School of Geosciences, and jInstitute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa; cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)–Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence, France; dArchéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité, Université Paris Ouest, CNRS, 92023 Nanterre, France; eMax-Planck- Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; fDipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; gResearch Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, England; hInstitute for Archaeology, History, Cultural and Religious Studies, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; and kArchaeology Department, McGregor Museum, Kimberley 8300, South Africa Edited* by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved June 26, 2012 (received for review February 14, 2012) The transition from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) to the Later Stone jects], together with high frequencies of microliths made by the Age (LSA) in South Africa was not associated with the appearance of bipolar technique and hafted with pitch, and of scaled pieces mark anatomically modern humans and the extinction of Neandertals, as the beginning of the LSA (early LSA or ELSA) at Border Cave.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications of Nubian-Like Core Reduction Systems in Southern Africa for the Identification of Early Modern Human Dispersals
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Implications of Nubian-Like Core Reduction Systems in Southern Africa for the Identification of Early Modern Human Dispersals Manuel Will1☯*, Alex Mackay2☯, Natasha Phillips2 1 Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany, 2 Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Lithic technologies have been used to trace dispersals of early human populations within Citation: Will M, Mackay A, Phillips N (2015) and beyond Africa. Convergence in lithic systems has the potential to confound such inter- Implications of Nubian-Like Core Reduction Systems pretations, implying connections between unrelated groups. Due to their reductive nature, in Southern Africa for the Identification of Early Modern Human Dispersals. PLoS ONE 10(6): stone artefacts are unusually prone to this chance appearance of similar forms in unrelated e0131824. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131824 populations. Here we present data from the South African Middle Stone Age sites Uitpan- Editor: Michael D. Petraglia, University of Oxford, skraal 7 and Mertenhof suggesting that Nubian core reduction systems associated with UNITED KINGDOM Late Pleistocene populations in North Africa and potentially with early human migrations out Received: April 12, 2015 of Africa in MIS 5 also occur in southern Africa during early MIS 3 and with no clear connec- tion to the North African occurrence. The timing and spatial distribution of their appearance Accepted: June 6, 2015 in southern and northern Africa implies technological convergence, rather than diffusion or Published: June 30, 2015 dispersal.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Series N° 33
    33 World Heritage papers Human origin sites and the Heritage World in Africa Convention 33 World Heritage papers HEADWORLD HERITAGES 2 Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Africa For more information contact: UNESCO World Heritage Centre papers 7, place Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France Tel: 33 (0)1 45 68 18 76 Fax: 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 E-mail: [email protected] http://whc.unesco.org World HeritageWorld Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Africa Nuria Sanz, Editor Coordinator of the World Heritage/HEADS Programme Table of Contents Published in 2012 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Foreword Page 6 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France Kishore Rao, Director, UNESCO World Heritage Centre © UNESCO 2012 Foreword Page 7 All rights reserved H.E. Amin Abdulkadir, Minister, Ministry of Culture and Tourism Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ISBN 978-92-3-001081-2 Introduction Page 8 Original title: Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Africa Published in 2012 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Coordination of the HEADS Programme, UNESCO World Heritage Centre The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Outstanding Universal Value of human evolution in Africa Page 13 Yves Coppens The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the 1930S Kohl-Larsen Collection from the Lake Eyasi
    MITTEILUNGEN DER GESELLSCHAFT FÜR URGESCHICHTE 29 (2020) Investigating the 1930s Kohl-Larsen collection from the Lake Eyasi Basin, Tanzania Neue Forschungen an der aus den 1930er Jahren stammenden Sammlung Kohl-Larsen aus dem Becken des Eyasi-Sees, Tansania Gregor Bader1, Pastory Bushozi2, Manuel Will3, Viola Schmid3, Aurore Val3, Matthias Blessing3, Patrick Schmidt3, Nicholas J. Conard1,3 1 Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment University of Tübingen, Germany [email protected] 2 Department of History and Archaeology College of Humanities, University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 3 University of Tübingen Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology Schloss Hohentübingen, Tübingen, Germany ABSTRACT Since more than 80 years, the University of Tübingen hosts the archaeological collections excavated by Margit and Ludwig Kohl-Larsen between 1934 and 1939 in modern-day Tanzania. Despite the great scientific relevance of these collections, most of them were never published on an international scale and were thus unavailable for the broader Africanist archaeological community. In the light of new excavations around Lake Eyasi, conducted jointly by the Universities of Dar es Salaam and Tübingen and the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, we decided to under take a new inventory of the Kohl-Larsen collection, to analyze the assemblages using state of the art methods, link them with new excavation data and make them internationally available. As a first step, here we want to introduce the project by reporting on some preliminary observations from Njarasa Cave. Ultimately this research will help to create a coherent reconstruction of human cultural change and behavioral adaptions over the last ~200.000 years in this important archaeological landscape.
    [Show full text]