Appendix a UOM V.2.0
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Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) m kg s cd SI mol K A NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Ambler Thompson Technology Services and Barry N. Taylor Physics Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, April 1995) March 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James M. Turner, Acting Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, April 1995 Edition) Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 811, 2008 Ed., 85 pages (March 2008; 2nd printing November 2008) CODEN: NSPUE3 Note on 2nd printing: This 2nd printing dated November 2008 of NIST SP811 corrects a number of minor typographical errors present in the 1st printing dated March 2008. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Preface The International System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant measurement system used in science, the SI is becoming the dominant measurement system used in international commerce. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of August 1988 [Public Law (PL) 100-418] changed the name of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and gave to NIST the added task of helping U.S. -
Measuring in Metric Units BEFORE Now WHY? You Used Metric Units
Measuring in Metric Units BEFORE Now WHY? You used metric units. You’ll measure and estimate So you can estimate the mass using metric units. of a bike, as in Ex. 20. Themetric system is a decimal system of measurement. The metric Word Watch system has units for length, mass, and capacity. metric system, p. 80 Length Themeter (m) is the basic unit of length in the metric system. length: meter, millimeter, centimeter, kilometer, Three other metric units of length are themillimeter (mm) , p. 80 centimeter (cm) , andkilometer (km) . mass: gram, milligram, kilogram, p. 81 You can use the following benchmarks to estimate length. capacity: liter, milliliter, kiloliter, p. 82 1 millimeter 1 centimeter 1 meter thickness of width of a large height of the a dime paper clip back of a chair 1 kilometer combined length of 9 football fields EXAMPLE 1 Using Metric Units of Length Estimate the length of the bandage by imagining paper clips laid next to it. Then measure the bandage with a metric ruler to check your estimate. 1 Estimate using paper clips. About 5 large paper clips fit next to the bandage, so it is about 5 centimeters long. ch O at ut! W 2 Measure using a ruler. A typical metric ruler allows you to measure Each centimeter is divided only to the nearest tenth of into tenths, so the bandage cm 12345 a centimeter. is 4.8 centimeters long. 80 Chapter 2 Decimal Operations Mass Mass is the amount of matter that an object has. The gram (g) is the basic metric unit of mass. -
SI and CGS Units in Electromagnetism
SI and CGS Units in Electromagnetism Jim Napolitano January 7, 2010 These notes are meant to accompany the course Electromagnetic Theory for the Spring 2010 term at RPI. The course will use CGS units, as does our textbook Classical Electro- dynamics, 2nd Ed. by Hans Ohanian. Up to this point, however, most students have used the International System of Units (SI, also known as MKSA) for mechanics, electricity and magnetism. (I believe it is easy to argue that CGS is more appropriate for teaching elec- tromagnetism to physics students.) These notes are meant to smooth the transition, and to augment the discussion in Appendix 2 of your textbook. The base units1 for mechanics in SI are the meter, kilogram, and second (i.e. \MKS") whereas in CGS they are the centimeter, gram, and second. Conversion between these base units and all the derived units are quite simply given by an appropriate power of 10. For electromagnetism, SI adds a new base unit, the Ampere (\A"). This leads to a world of complications when converting between SI and CGS. Many of these complications are philosophical, but this note does not discuss such issues. For a good, if a bit flippant, on- line discussion see http://info.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/advice/coils/unit systems/; for a more scholarly article, see \On Electric and Magnetic Units and Dimensions", by R. T. Birge, The American Physics Teacher, 2(1934)41. Electromagnetism: A Preview Electricity and magnetism are not separate phenomena. They are different manifestations of the same phenomenon, called electromagnetism. One requires the application of special relativity to see how electricity and magnetism are united. -
Metric System.Pdf
METRIC SYSTEM THE METRIC SYSTEM The metric system is much easier. All metric units are related by factors of 10. Nearly the entire world (95%), except the United States, now uses the metric system. Metric is used exclusively in science. Because the metric system uses units related by factors of ten and the types of units (distance, area, volume, mass) are simply-related, performing calculations with the metric system is much easier. METRIC CHART Prefix Symbol Factor Number Factor Word Kilo K 1,000 Thousand Hecto H 100 Hundred Deca Dk 10 Ten Base Unit Meter, gram, liter 1 One Deci D 0.1 Tenth Centi C 0.01 Hundredth Milli M 0.001 Thousandth The metric system has three units or bases. Meter – the basic unit used to measure length Gram – the basic unit used to measure weight Liter – the basic unit used to measure liquid capacity (think 2 Liter cokes!) The United States, Liberia and Burma (countries in black) have stuck with using the Imperial System of measurement. You can think of “the metric system” as a nickname for the International System of Units, or SI. HOW TO REMEMBER THE PREFIXES Kids Kilo Have Hecto Dropped Deca Over base unit (gram, liter, meter) Dead Deci Converting Centi Metrics Milli Large Units – Kilo (1000), Hecto (100), Deca (10) Small Units – Deci (0.1), Centi (0.01), Milli (0.001) Because you are dealing with multiples of ten, you do not have to calculate anything. All you have to do is move the decimal point, but you need to understand what you are doing when you move the decimal point. -
The History of Newton' S Apple Tree
This article was downloaded by: [University of York] On: 06 October 2014, At: 06:04 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Contemporary Physics Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20 The history of Newton's apple tree R. G. Keesing Published online: 08 Nov 2010. To cite this article: R. G. Keesing (1998) The history of Newton's apple tree, Contemporary Physics, 39:5, 377-391, DOI: 10.1080/001075198181874 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/001075198181874 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. -
Conversion Factors A
Conversion Factors A Table A.1 Length mcmkmin.ftmi 1 meter 1 102 10−3 39.37 3.281 6.214 × 10−4 1 centimeter 10−2 110−5 0.3937 3.281 × 10−2 6.214 × 10−6 1 kilometer 103 105 13.937 × 104 3.281 × 103 0.621 4 1inch 2.540 × 10−2 2.540 2.540 × 10−5 18.333 × 10−2 1.578 × 10−5 1 foot 0.3048 30.48 3.048 × 10−4 12 1 1.894 × 10−4 1 mile 1 609 1.609 × 105 1.609 6.336 × 104 5280 1 Table A.2 Time s min h day year 1 second 1 1.667 × 10−2 2.778 × 10−4 1.157 × 10−5 3.169 × 10−8 1 minute 60 1 1.667 × 10−2 6.994 × 10−4 1.901 × 10−6 1 hour 3600 60 1 4.167 × 10−2 1.141 × 10−4 1day 8.640 × 104 1440 24 1 2.738 × 10−5 1 year 3.156 × 107 5.259 × 105 8.766 × 103 365.2 1 Table A.3 Area m2 cm2 ft2 in.2 1 square meter 1 104 10.76 1550 1 square centimeter 10−4 11.076 × 10−3 0.1550 1 square foot 9.290 × 10−2 929.0 1 144 1 square inch 6.452 × 10−4 6.452 6.944 × 10−3 1 Note 1 square kilometer = 247.108 acres H. A. Radi and J. O. Rasmussen, Principles of Physics, 999 Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-23026-4, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 1000 A Conversion Factors Table A.4 Volume m3 cm3 Lft3 in.3 1 cubic meter 1 106 1000 35.51 6.102 × 104 1 cubic centimeter 10−6 11.000 × 10−3 3.531 × 10−5 6.102 × 10−2 1liter 1.000 × 10−3 1000 1 3.531 × 10−2 61.02 1 cubic foot 2.832 × 10−4 1 28.32 1 1728 1 cubic inch 1.639 × 10−4 16.39 1.639 × 10−2 5.787 × 10−4 1 Note 1 U.S. -
Conversions Useful in Fish Culture and Fishery Research and Management Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Moore, Brenda Rodgers
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Office of Information Transfer 1025 Pennock Place, Suite 212 Fort Collins, CO 80524 http://www.fws.gov January 2008 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Conversions Useful in Fish Culture and Fishery Research and Management Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Moore, Brenda Rodgers. Conversions useful in fish culture and fishery research and management. (Fish and wildlife leaflet ; 10) Supt of Docs no.: 149.13/5:10 1. Fisheries––Tables. 2. Fish-culture––Tables. 3. Metric system––Conversion table. I. Mitchell, Andrew J. II. Title. III. Series. SH331.5.M58M66 1987 639'.2'0212 87-600400 Conversions Useful in Fish Culture and Fishery Research and Managment Compiled by Brenda Rodgers Moore1 Andrew J. Mitchell Fish Farming Experimental Station U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Stuttgart, AK 72160-0860 lpresent address: 3008 Covewood Dr., Highpoint, NC 27260. Leaflet 10 Washington, DC 1987 Revised January 2008 Contents Page Introduction. 1 Conversions. 1 acre (A). .1 acre-foot (A-ft) . 1 ångström (Å). 1 are (a). 1 barrel, U.S. fruits and vegetables . 1 barrel, U.S. liquid (bbl). .2 barrel, U.S. petroleum . .2 bushel, B.I. (bUBI). .2 bushel, U.S. (bu). .2 centare or centiare (ca). .2 centigram (cg). .2 centiliter (cL). 2 centimeter (cm). 2 centimeter of mercury (cm Hg). 3 centimeters per second (cm/s) . .3 centner (zentner) . 3 cubic centimeter (cm3). 3 cubic decimeter (dm3). .3 cubic foot (ft3) . .4 cubic feet per minute (ft3/min) . .4 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). 4 cubic inch (in3). -
The International System of Units (SI) - Conversion Factors For
NIST Special Publication 1038 The International System of Units (SI) – Conversion Factors for General Use Kenneth Butcher Linda Crown Elizabeth J. Gentry Weights and Measures Division Technology Services NIST Special Publication 1038 The International System of Units (SI) - Conversion Factors for General Use Editors: Kenneth S. Butcher Linda D. Crown Elizabeth J. Gentry Weights and Measures Division Carol Hockert, Chief Weights and Measures Division Technology Services National Institute of Standards and Technology May 2006 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlo M. Gutierrez, Secretary Technology Administration Robert Cresanti, Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology William Jeffrey, Director Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publications 1038 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Pub. 1038, 24 pages (May 2006) Available through NIST Weights and Measures Division STOP 2600 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2600 Phone: (301) 975-4004 — Fax: (301) 926-0647 Internet: www.nist.gov/owm or www.nist.gov/metric TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD.................................................................................................................................................................v -
Radiological Instrumentation Assessment for King County Wastewater Treatment Division
PNNL-15163 Vol 2 Volume 2: Task 2.2 Radiological Instrumentation Assessment for King County Wastewater Treatment Division August 2005 Prepared for King County, Washington, under a grant from the Department of Homeland Security as a work for others project under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 This document was printed on recycled paper. (9/2003) PNNL-15163 Vol 2 Volume 2: Task 2.2 Radiological Instrumentation Assessment for King County Wastewater Treatment Division D. J. Strom R.J. McConn R.L. Brodzinski August 2005 Prepared for King County, Washington, under a grant from the Department of Homeland Security as a work for others project under U.S. -
Journal of Brain and Neurological Disorders
Review Article Volume 3 • Issue 1 • 2021 Journal of Brain and Neurological Disorders Copyright © Christos P. Panteliadis. All rights are reserved by Historical Overview of Electroencephalography: from Antiquity to the Beginning of the 21st Century Prof. Christos P. Panteliadis* Paediatric, Division of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece *Corresponding Author: Prof. Christos P. Panteliadis, Paediatric, Division of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Received: Published: August 18, 2021; August 31, 2021 Abstract The history of epilepsy is intermingled with the history of human existence dating back to antiquity. Hippocrates, the founder of scientific medicine, was the first to de-mystify the condition of epilepsy by providing a more scientific approach to it. Since then, many centuries have passed until the recording of electrical waves was applied. First in experimental animals and close to the hu- th century, William Gilbert Galileo and Thomas Willis man brain. The birth of epileptology was characterized by the advent of electroencephalography and the delineation of underlying Cybulski and Jelens- pathophysiological mechanisms. Starting in the 16-17 investigated electricity of ka-Macieszyna various substances, and Otto von Guericke developed the first electrostatic apparatus. About two centuries later , published photographs of EEG, and some years later Hans Berger published its results. From then on, the progress to electroencephalography was rapid in all areas. The aim of this article is to present the historical overview of electroencephalography Keystarting words: from the Epilepsy; ancient Electricity; years until Electroencephalography; the beginning of the twenty-first Historical century.Documents Abbreviations: tions throughout the article. -
Handout – Unit Conversions (Dimensional Analysis)
1 Handout – Unit Conversions (Dimensional Analysis) The Metric System had its beginnings back in 1670 by a mathematician called Gabriel Mouton. The modern version, (since 1960) is correctly called "International System of Units" or "SI" (from the French "Système International"). The metric system has been officially sanctioned for use in the United States since 1866, but it remains the only industrialized country that has not adopted the metric system as its official system of measurement. Many sources also cite Liberia and Burma as the only other countries not to have done so. This section will cover conversions (1) selected units Basic metric units in the metric and American systems, (2) compound or derived measures, and (3) between metric and length meter (m) American systems. Also, (4) applications using conversions will be presented. mass gram (g) The metric system is based on a set of basic units and volume liter (L) prefixes representing powers of 10. time second (s) temperature Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (°K) where C=K-273.15 Prefixes (The units that are in bold are the ones that are most commonly used.) prefix symbol value giga G 1,000,000,000 = 109 ( a billion) mega M 1,000,000 = 106 ( a million) kilo k 1,000 = 103 hecto h 100 = 102 deca da 10 1 1 -1 deci d = 0.1 = 10 10 1 -2 centi c = 0.01 = 10 100 1 -3 milli m = 0.001 = 10 (a thousandth) 1,000 1 -6 micro μ (the Greek letter mu) = 0.000001 = 10 (a millionth) 1,000,000 1 -9 nano n = 0.000000001 = 10 (a billionth) 1,000,000,000 2 To get a sense of the size of the basic units of meter, gram and liter consider the following examples. -
Appendix G Metric Conversion Factors
APPENDIX G METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS The following list provides the conversion relationship between To convert from to multiply by U.S. customary units and the International System (SI) units. A complete guide to the SI system and its use can be found in ASTM Mass (weight) E 380, Metric Practice. pound (lb) avoirdupois kilogram (kg) 0.4535924 To convert from to multiply by ton, 2000 lb kilogram (kg) 907.1848 grain kilogram (kg) 0.0000648 Length Mass (weight) per length) inch (in.) micrometer (µ) 25,400 inch (in.) centimeter 2.54 kip per linear foot (klf) kilogram per 0.001488 inch (in.) meter (m) 0.025 meter (kg/m) foot (ft) meter (m) 0.3048 pound per linear foot (plf) kilogram per 1.488 yard (yd) meter (m) 0.9144 meter (kg/m) mile (mi) kilometer (km) 1.6 Moment Area 1 foot-pound (ft-lb) Newton-meter 1.356 square foot (sq ft) square meter (sq m ) 0.09290304 E (N-m) square inch (sq in) square centimeter (sq cm) 6.452 E square inch (sq in.) square meter (sq m ) 0.00064516 E Mass per volume (density) square yard (sq yd) square meter (sq m ) 0.8391274 square mile (sq mi) square kilometer (sq km ) 2.6 pound per cubic foot (pcf) kilogram per 16.01846 cubic meter (kg/cu m) Volume pound per cubic yard kilogram per 0.5933 (lb/cu yd) cubic meter (kg/cu m) cubic inch (cu in.) cubic centimeter (cu cm) 16.387064 cubic inch (cu in.) cubic meter (cu m) 0.00001639 Velocity cubic foot (cu ft) cubic meter (cu m) 0.02831685 cubic yard (cu yd) cubic meter (cu m) 0.7645549 mile per hour (mph) kilometer per hour 1.60934 gallon (gal) Can.