Volume XXIIi No. 10 October, 1968 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE

ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

Robert Weltsch the powerless peoples into a feeling of security which, in fact, lasts only as long as it pleases the great powers. Most statesmen nurtured this illusion by constant rhetorical platitudes about self-determination and respect for TfflRTY YEARS AFTER MUNICH sovereignty. The shock which the occupation of not only a sovereign, but even an " allied " country entails is not at all explained by the overt destruction of this cherished illusion, Just thirty years ago this October, Gennan realised to what extent their democratic even if we take into account the reality of Nazi troops invaded the outer ring of country had been abandoned by those whom recognised spheres of influence. Bohemia, the so-called Sudetenland. This they regarded as their—oflScial or unofficial Writing in a Jewish journal, we naturally was the beginning of a world-wide catastrophe —allies. ask ourselves about repercussions which may which later extended to many countries and It was a portentous omen for the Jews who follow for the Jews. Such reflections should nations, caused indescribable destruction and rightly assumed that after the unconditional not be misunderstood as though, faced with ultimately led to the extinction of European surrender of democratic statesmen to Hitler such a tragedy, we were concerned only with Jewry. A huge literature has sprung up about the last brake would be removed on his treat­ our own affairs. But in these columns our the policy which led to the Munich Confer­ ment of those Jews who were then under his comments are of necessity limited to the ence of September 30, 1938, where Czecho­ jurisdiction (German, Austrian and Czech). To Jewish context. slovakia's fate was decided in her absence, as his own surprise Hitler had learned that he a deal among the big powers which gave could get away with the most outrageous There are two obvious elements of Jewish Hitler a free hand. It happened on the name- actions. A foretaste of this attitude of foreign aspects. One is the position of the State of day of Saint Wenceslaus, whose statue in powers had been—only two months earlier— Israel, against which ruthless Soviet propa­ Prague has served as a centre of non-violent the intergovernmental Conference of Evian ganda has been directed for more than a resistance against the Russian invasion these (July, 1938), which had been convened at the year; the second is the peculiar position of days. the Jewish intellectual who, wherever clashes initiative of President Roosevelt; there the of this sort occur, is always a target for Especially in Britain fierce discussion about delegates of 22 States deplored the ordeal of potential persecution. This is not only the the controversial policy of appeasement goes the refugees and would-be refugees from the concern of the individuals directly involved; on. What followed in Czechoslovakia after Greater Reich, but anxiously avoided blaming it is the fearful experience that powerful Munich has been impressively described by the German Government for what it was doing factors, especially where they enjoy a mono­ the then American representative in Prague, with its own citizens, on the principle that poly of propaganda, still trust they can make Mr. George Kennan, the famous " Mr. X," nobody was entitled to interfere with the their case more palatable to the masses by who in 1947 invented the slogan of " Contain­ internal afl[airs of a sovereign power. More­ describing the detested side as Jewish, ment" of Communism. It is an ironical over, in spite of the expressions of horror Jewish-inspired, or, according to the most incident that his new book* on that period and compassion, the representatives of recent fashion, " Zionist ". In the language of came out exactly at the time when the brave governments insisted that admission of refu­ the Communist block, Zionism during the Czech people again face the ordeal of foreign gees could take place only within the limits last year has been translated into a synonym occupation, this time by a power which was of existing immigration laws—which means for reaction, aggression, counter-revolution, believed to be ethnically and ideologically that no pompous conference would have been etc., one of those forces which (to the linked to them but now does not conceal its needed. Now Hitler felt completely secure believers) are branded as hostile, if not out­ determination to subjugate them to its own in the handling of " his" Jews, and the immediate consequence was, first, the dump­ right criminal. purpose. The topicality of Kennan's book lies This quest for exploiting the latent, or not also in his description of the dilemma of the ing of Polish or stateless Jews resident in Germany into a no-man's land on the Polish so latent, antisemitic feelings of the ordinary Czech leaders in 1938, and how they had to man shows us that such a prejudice is still adapt themselves, step by step and often frontier and, subsequently, the " Crystal Night" of November 10, 1938. regarded as efiective. Even if only a few indi­ against their own will and conscience, to the viduals are specifically named, their inclu­ policy prescribed by the omnipotent overlord, "This time, we hope, there will be no direct sion into the category of Jew is intended to including, at that time, to his determination consequences specifically for the Jews, if throw a sinister light on the camp of the to destroy the Jews. It seems, however, that only because very few Jews are left in adversary. That must be a shocking disap­ more quislings were at hand in 1938, especi­ Central Europe. But we are stunned by the pointment to many people who thirty years ally in Slovakia, than appear to be today, tragedy of a whole people, heir of a most ago regarded Communism as the most at least at the time of writing. inspiring history of non-conformism, the efiicient counterpoise to Nazism. What a In any case, at that—now remote—time of country which, according to a saying by depressing spectacle it is to learn that terri­ Munich, which is legend to the new genera­ Bismarck, was the very key to Europe. Per­ fied Czech youth, still under the trauma of tion, one thought that world war had been haps the most depressing aspect of the events the Hitler invasion of 1938 from which the avoided by choosing the lesser evil, at the is the impotence of all those who, much to Soviet forces had "liberated" them, had to expense of the Czech people. That it spelled their own humiliation, can proffer nothing paint swastikas on the Russian tanks in the disaster for the Jewish community of that but verbal outbursts of indignation. It streets of Prague! But that also hits the country could not affect the course of events. may be an example of the necessity to use of anti-Jewish slogans practised now in The similarity of developments in 1968 with subordinate " minor " or marginal matters to some Communist quarters. the overriding interest of maintaining world those in 1938 naturally induced the whole The manner in which the anti-Israel propa­ world to look back at the earlier occupation, peace; no wonder that this gave rise to the rumours of alleged silent connivance by ganda was conducted had shown that the but we would have remembered it anyhow. Jewish State, far from "solving" what was For the Jews Munich was a decisive date, America whose motives may be similar to those of the appeasers of 1938. The Great called the Jewish problem, had evoked a the unleashing of ruthless persecution which new variety of antisemitism as a political made the world aware of their situation. Power of today, like the great powers of yesterday, is reluctant to unleash a world weapon. At the same time it makes one Munich was, of course, a terrible and unex­ conscious of the dependence of such a State, pected blow to the Czechs who had not war. the more so as this time it would be nuclear. If this allegation is correct it however ready to defend itself, on the vacil­ lations of Great Power politics —a point • George F. Kennan. From Prague After Munich. requires re-thinking of the current theory of Diplomatic Papers. 1938-1940. London. 1968 : Oxford independence of small States, apt to mislead University Press. 266 pp. 62s. Continued on next page, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION October, 1968

U.K. CITIZENS WITH RESIDENCE ABROAD THIRTY YEARS AFTER MUNICH Effects of New Immigrants Act A recent case with which I had to deal Continited from page 1 shows that the extent of the regulations of the new Commonwealth Immigrants Act, 1968, is not as well known as it should be. •which Israeli diplomats certainly have not of these—predominantly Jewish—writers of Whilst under the preceding Acts the restric­ missed. fifty years ago. The protocols of these pro­ tions of entry into the U.K. only applied to Attacks on Jewish intellectuals are not a ceedings were published both in Czech and Commonwealth citizens, the Commonwealth new device. It was used in Czechoslovakia in German. The German version of the last Immigrants Act, 1968, Section 2, also subjects seventeen years ago, together with the conference appeared only recently under the to immigration control certain categories of accusation of Zionism, in the notorious title " Weltfreunde "t, a name taken from one U.K. citizens. Broadly speaking, the effects Slansky trial at the heyday of Stalinism, of the well-known poems of Franz Werfel. of Section 2 are that a distinction is made when Russia herself was shaken by the The book shows how thoroughly the thirty between citizens of the U.K. who belong to invention of the so-called doctors' conspiracy, learned participants at the conference — the U.K. and those who do not. alleging that Jewish doctors of high standing among them several non-Czechs—had studied -According to Section 2, a qualifying con­ had planned to murder prominent Commu­ the subject up to the most minute details. nection with the U.K. is required in order nists. During the last year the wrath of the The general approach of the conference is to exempt a British subject from any immi­ oflBcial Communist leaders was directed indicated by the noble words with which gration control. "This qualifying connection against the few remaining Jews in higher Goldstucker concluded his opening speech, is, first of all, residence in the U.K. (Section 2. positions because these were suspected of hinting at the political implications of such No. 2 [a]). A further qualifying connection discrediting the Israel policy of the Soviet research in a Czech city. He said, in the is the residence of a husband or of parents block. Russia's siding with the Arabs was, German version: in the U.K. of course, dictated not by anti-Jewish senti­ The result of this important regulation is ment but by Russia's global imperialist policy " Unseren Vorgaengern gegeniiber haben that holders of U.K. passports who are not wir den Vorteil, dass wir zum ersten Male in the Middle East. It was certainly not in der Geschichte der tschechischen Ger­ resident in this country are subject to immi­ only Jews, who in the Communist realm, did manistik die unser Fach betreffenden gration control. Whenever such holder of a not believe this simplified version of the Fragen ohne nationalistische Ressentiments, U.K. passport comes to the U.K., the immigra­ events ; but, as we know, public opinion is mit Ehrfurcht vor alien jenen Werten der tion oflScer is entitled to impose a condition not articulate in these countries. When the deutschen Kultur beurteilen koennen, die restricting the period for which such holder movement in favour of liberalisation emerged das Leben bereichern und den Menschen may remain in the U.K., with or without per­ with greater vigour within the Communist verraenschlichen. In diesem Geiste ver- mission to take up employment. beugen wir uns vor der grossen Prager block, it was blamed on the intellectuals and deutschen Literatur. . . ." There has been a case where a British sub­ especially on the Jews among them. This ject and, therefore, holder of a British pass­ was the case in Poland, where the conserva­ Many of the lecturers also elaborated on port, daughter of a British father and resid­ tive wing of Communism led by Gomulka, the impact of the Jewishness of the writers, ing at present in Frankfurt, Germany, was once himself considered a supporter of a and it is no surprise that they paid special admitted to this country on condition that more liberal trend, remained in power. Jewish attention to their attitude to social questions. she does not remain longer than three months. Communists were purged from influential Whether those writers of 1910 could be classi­ The British Consul at Frankfurt, who had to positions. fied as socialists is a matter of opinion ; some deal with this case at some later stage, has It was diflferent in Czechoslovakia. In that of them declared they were. But it is true that expressly asked her to make her case known country with its democratic tradition the in general that generation revolted against to all people concerned. wish for liberalisation was widespread, and the bourgeois society of their fathers and DR. B. MANNES. there are, anyhow, very few Jews left after bitterly denounced social injustice and EMIGRA'nON TO ISRAEL the Nazi holocaust. But against some of the cruelty. They were also horrified by the pro­ In the first eight months of this year, the remaining Jewish intellectuals a clandestine gressing mechanisation of life, which they number of British emigrants to Israel was only and predominantly anonymous antisemitic regarded as an offence against human dignity, 83 below that for the whole of 1967. By the leaflet propaganda was conducted. It was and they passionately called for the supremacy end of August 637 Britons had emigrated, as exposed in the oflBcial Communist newspaper of the spirit. Conscious of the problems against a total of 720 in 1967. The present only a few weeks ago, when Professor Eduard implied in their being Jewish, some of them figures for 1968 show an almost uninterrupted Goldstiicker, highly esteemed scholar and were attracted to Zionism as one of the con­ monthly growth, and the proportion of pr^ president of the Writers' Union, published cepts promising a better world. Their inter­ fessional, academic and technically trained there an obscene anonymous threatening preters of 1965 say: these writers understood emigrants has risen. letter he had received. that an epoch was drawing to its close but Goldstiicker is a high-minded socialist and they had not yet discovered that a new epoch ii Communist thinker, but he is also a link in was on the march. Yet it is only with a Don't suffer from tlie effects of DRY AIR caused b) a chain of a great literary tradition. Before feeling of sad irony that one reads today that the Nazis exterminated the Jews of Czecho­ one has to pity the writers of Franz Kafka's Central-Heating slovakia that country had produced a peculiar generation because they were not yet in a type of Jewish intellectual. After their full position to appreciate the happiness which emancipation in the old Austrian Empire in Communism would bring to the world and 1867 the Jews had risen quickly in social and especially to the—hitherto rootless—intel­ intellectual life. Before the First World lectuals. War there was a sort of golden age of Jewish This book is an instructive and moving ..msi creativity; many names of men born in Czech document which not only reflects an enor­ lands became world famous. Jewish writers mous work of research and provides us with at that time wrote in German, but—^unlike many facts which are important also from the most other Germans—many of them were point of view of Jewish inteUectual history closely interested in the culture of the in twentieth-century Europe, but also seems awakening Czech nation and were inter­ to reveal an element of unconscious nostalgia mediaries who introduced Czech artists into for a past which will never return, and MMMMNMMHHWMMi: I the wider European world of letters (a strik­ which, though—like all epochs—unsatisfac­ ing example is Max Brod's discovery of tory, was after aU not so unbearable, at least INSTALL A HUMIDIFIER Janacek and Hasek). The strange pheno­ in comparison with what came afterwards. menon of Gennan literature in Prague has on vour Radiator and be free from an unpleasant become a subject of study during the last t Weltfraund*. Konferenz ueber die Prager deutsche and untiealthy auTiosphere. Literatur. Herausgegeben von Eduard Goldstuecker. years, perhaps primarily thanks to the Gemeinschaftsausgat>e des Verlags der Tschechoslovak- ischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und des Hermann INEXPENSIVE—NO RUNNING COSTS endeavours of Goldstiicker, who held the Luchterhand Verlags Neuwied 1968. 430 pp. DM. 29,80. chair of German literature at Prague Univer­ Aak for details from : sity. One of the results of these eflforts was the The Humidifier Co. RESTITUTION NEWS International Conference on Franz Kafka 25 Bridge Road, Wembley Park, Middi held in the vicinity of Prague in 1963, Restitution news is published on page 6 another was a similar conference in 1965, ARNold 7603 devoted to an all-round survey of the work fiBiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiilliaili ^?V'.^T»?i":^igsim^^^sa•»^giygSTO?t^5Wj;^gB^JW^' i^lHHiliillill

AJR INFORMATION October, 1968 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLOJUDAICA Leo Baeck College Graduates EXPLOITATION OF BUBER'S NAME ARAB PROPAGANDA AT MENTAL A receiving order has been obtained in the HEALTH CONGRESS Two recent graduates of the Leo Baeck Bankruptcy Court against Mr. Camille Rach- College, London, have been ordained as rabbis mil Honig, the honorary secretary of the Inter­ Many of the 1,500 delegates to the inter­ to take up their new appointments in time for national Martin Buber Society and Institute. national congress on mental health recently the High Holy-days. German-born Mr. Uri Philip Dawes & Co. Ltd., a firm of public held in London, found anti-Israel propaganda Taemai has been appointed community rabbi relations consultants allege that the Society emanating from the Arab League OflSce in of West Berlin, and Mr. Michael Standfield, owes them about £1,500. According to Mr. London among the items provided on their rabbi of the Bernhard Baron St. George's Dawes, this was spent on behalf of Mr. Honig chairs. Extracts from " The Arab", the Jewish Settlement Synagogue in the East End. in arranging a testimonial reception in London organ of the Arab League Oflfice, contained pic­ Mr. Themal, aged 28, is the first German for two Germans who had risked their lives tures and descriptions of the plight of refugees student at the coUege to return to his country to save Jews: Herr Oskar Schindler, who in Jordan, intended to testify to alleged Israeli after ordination. The family lived in hiding attended the reception, and Dr. Gerhard Wolf, brutality. The few items on other countries during the Nazi regime, setthng in Israel after who did not. among the literature were all factual and the war, but Mr. Themal returned to Germany It was repeatedly stated in this journal innocuous. to complete his education at Berlin University. that neither the family and friends of Martin Mr. Eric Moonman, the Jewish Labour M.P. Buber nor the organisations of Jews from for Billericay, who is chairman of the all-party Blind Boy's Achievement Germany, including the AJR, had anything to parliamentary committee on mental health and do with the so-called Martin Buber Society. who attended the congress as a guest, strongly A blind pupil at the J.F.S. Comprehensive Names of eminent personalities have been protested to the organisers, the World Federa­ School, Camden Town, has gained a place at used on the Society's letter headings without tion and the National Association for Mental the London School of Economics. Jeffrey their permission and, in some cases, without Health. Miss R. S. Addis, secretary of the Bashton has passed his G.C.E. " A " levels in their prior knowled.ge. According to the Jewish programme committee of the congress, three subjects, two of them with distinction. Chronicle people listed as vice-presidents or explained that the items distributed were •This is the first time in London that a com­ committee members have stated that they selected by students to illustrate the theme of pletely blind boy has been a full-time pupil had never agreed or that, if Mr. Honig did the special session dealing with " impact and at a secondary school for normal-sighted approach them, they would have given a nega­ ideas " in communications. The theme of the children. tive answer. Among them are Igor Stravinsky, programme was that people should make up Marc Chagall, Gabriel Marcel, Professor Karl their own minds and it was to illustrate that School Closure Jaspers, Andre Maurois, Professor Niebuhr, point that examples of anti-Israel and other Rabbi Dr. Louis Jacobs, Arthur Miller and Sir propaganda material were collected and dis­ Rabbi S. Pinter, presiding at a special meet­ Alec Guiness. Lady Diana Cooper, whose played. ing of the honorary oflScers of the Agudas name appeared on the notepaper containing Israel Organisation of Great Britain, depre­ details of the awards, wrote to the Jewish MEMORIAL TO SYDNEY SILVERMAN cated the enforced closure of the Yavneh Chronicle that Mr. Honig had asked her to Grammar School, Willesden. At a time when join the Committee, which she refused. He The Zionist Federation has launched an there was a lack of adequate religious educa­ next asked her to become treasurer, which she appeal to raise funds for 10,000 trees for tion facilities in London, the community refused " with vehemence ". Lord Sorensen a forest in memory of the former Labour M.P. should not have allowed the institution to wrote to the Jewish Chronicle that his name and communal leader, Mr. Sydney Silverman. close, said Rabbi Pinter. This was the second appeared on the Society's notepaper and other Jewish school to close in recent months. It documents "despite my repeated, specific and BBC HEBREW SERVICE CLOSURE would be preferable to support the established emphatic requests that it be removed ". educational institutions instead of building YOUNG GERMANS' VISIT Mr. Maurice Foley, Parliamentary Under- large synagogues with vacant seats, said the Secretary at the Foreign Office, told a deputa­ rabbi. Twenty-one young German Christians from tion from the Board of Deputies that the the north-German town of Husum came to Foreign Office could not reconsider its decision Britain with Pastor Dieter Schoeneich on a to close the BBC Hebrew Service or even to Sheffield Flatlets fortnight's visit. Many of them met Jews for postpone the closure, fixed for October 27. A special meeting of the Sheflfield Jewish the first time in their lives when they were However, he undertok to look into ways of Representative Council has empowered the greeted by their hosts, members of the South- maintainins some form of link between the executive committee, in co-operation with the West Essex Reform Synagogue, on arrival in BBC and Kol Israel. United Hebrew Congregation, to proceed with London. the formation of a housing association to Pastor Schoeneich, who brought a group of PROTEST AGAINST FROST-SCHIRACH erect a block of flatlets for the elderly. German Christian youth to the South-West TV INTERVIEW Essex Reform Synagogue two years ago, said that the rise of the N.P.D. since his last visit Following the David Frost television inter­ had brought the German-Jewish problem more view on Friday, September 13, the Council of to the forefront. While the bulk of the N.P.D. .Tews from Germany and the AJR sent the supporters were Nazis, with antisemitic lean­ following telegram to London Weekend Tele­ ings, many N.P.D. voters did not have anti- Jewish feelings, and Pastor Schoeneich vision Ltd. : " We wish to express our protest Special opportunity claimed that antisemitism, even among the against the interview with Baldur von Schirach older generation, was on the decrease. in last Friday's Frost Programme, To inter­ During their visit to Britain the youngsters view a leading Nazi who has recently com­ to acquire fine wines attended lectures on Jewish history, religion, pleted twenty years of imprisonment imposed customs and ceremonies, and on the relation­ upon him by the Allied War Crimes' Tribunal ship of Judaism and Christianity. They was in our opinion wrong, and it was deeply of great Vintages at attended the conference of the youth section wounding to all the survivors from Nazi of the World Union for Progressive Judaism persecution. We shall be grateful if you will most advantageous and visited a number of synagogues and the also convey our feelings to Mr. Frost. (Sgd.) Wiener Library. A party was held for them at the German Embassy, with Mr. and Mrs. H. W. Breslauer, Council of Jews from Ger­ Sulzbach as the host; the guests included Mr. many. British Section ; A. S. Dresel, Associa­ prices E. A. Lomnitz, deputy general secretary of the tion of Jewish Refugees from Germany in AJR. Great Britain.

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BASILDON HOUSE, 741 MOORGATE, E.C.2 Write to department A.R., S. F. & O. HALLGARTEN, Telephone: 01-638 8151 1 Crutched Friars, London, E.C.S Telex: London 25157 Page 4 AJR INFORMATION October, 1968 NEWS FROM ABROAD BIAFRAN SUPPORT Twenty-five major national Jewish organisa­ tions joined to form the "American Jewish UNITED STATES SITUATION IN ARGENTINA Emergency Effort for Biafran Belief", to mobilise support among their members for Goldberg Attacks Rassian Antisemitisin After a brief provincial tour Dr. David Kahane, the Chief Rabbi of the Buenos Aires emergency aid to that country. This is In New York Mr. Arthur Goldberg, the Ashkenazi congregation, reported that believed to be the first time that American former American U.N. representative and observance of the religious laws and of Jewish Jewish organisations have joined together for Supreme Court judge, made a bitter attack marriages was in a " deplorable situation", relief efforts for people other than Jews, and on the Soviet Union and her allies when he particularly in the small Argentine communi­ reflects the shock that many national Jewisn was inducted as the 14th president of the ties of between 20 and 100 families. He found leaders feel at reports that thousands of American Jewish Committee. an apparent shortage of Jewish women in Biafrans, mostly children, are dying every day. Mr. Goldberg condemned Russia and other these communities so that marriages between It also recalls memories of the Holocaust. East European countries for injecting anti­ Jewish men and Christian women were quite In Geneva Dr. Nahum Goldmann, the presi­ semitism into the issue of Czechoslovak frequent. Although many of these Christian dent of the World Jewish Congress, issued an liberalisation and blaming " Zionism" and women agreed to live as Jewesses and bring urgent call to all Jewish communities to sup­ Jews for being behind what they described as up their children as Jews, there were very port the relief work for Biafran war victims. the " counter-revolutionary forces " in Czecho- limited opportunities for Jewish education in The rabbinic conference of the Union of Slovakia. Denouncing the anti-Zionist state­ these small centres. There was no rabbi Liberal and Progressive Synagogues in a ments by the Russians, Poles and East Ger­ within hundreds of miles of some of the com­ statement issued in London expressing deep munities. shock at the situation, appealed to all mem­ mans, he said that to revive antisemitism in bers of Liberal synagogues to make " generous Eastem Europe, "which has been going on personal contributions" to help alleviate the for some time, carries a portent of very grave CHILE sufferings of Biafrans. danger." A bomb explosion broke all the windows of American Rabbis Visit U.S.S.R. the Jewish High School in Santiago, but no one SOUTH AFRICAN SIT-IN Rabbi Wolfe Kelman. the executive vice- was hurt. The outrage is believed to be linked president of the Rabbinical Assembly of with the increasing activities of the Arab The nine-day sit-in by students at Cape Town America, led a delegation of 15 rabbis on a League which, until some years ago, main­ and Witwatersrand universities was organised recent visit to the Soviet Union, where they tained its Latin American headquarters in the in protest at the compliance by the council of were warmly welcomed by the Jewish commu­ city. Transferred to Buenos Aires, it was Cape Town University with a demand by the nities of Leningrad and Moscow. closed by the Chilean Government. South African Government that the council A senior representative of the Soviet rescind the appointment to a university post of an African professor. Ministry of Cults, Mr. Kadikoff, had a meeting ALGERIAN JEWRY with Rabbi Kelman and three of his colleagues. But a Jewish slant was brought into the "To a question as to why the Russian Orthodox According to the former president of the matter when Mr. S. L. Muller, the Minister of Patriarch was allowed to maintain contact Algerian Jewish community, Maitre Charles Police and Internal Affairs, told a students' with fellow-believers abroad aild to travel Hababou, who now lives in Paris, Algerian meeting that, although many of his best without hindrance while Jewish religious Jewry, once a flourishing and active commu­ friends were Jews and there was no anti- leaders were denied this freedom, Mr. Kadikoff nity, is a fragmented shadow of its former Jewish feeling in South Africa today, accord­ said this was a continuation of an historical self and will before long be completely ing to a list of names in his possession many practice. assimilated. foreign students in South Africa on exchange In 1963 there were 10,000 Jews in Algeria— programmes were among the leaders of the Communists Disagree today fewer than 700 remain. All synagogues student unrest. He read out a list of names have been shut, with the exception of one in of South African students of "Jewish extrac­ Events in Czechoslovakia have badly shaken Algiers which usually fails to obtain a minyan. tion ". Throughout the years, said Mr. Muller, Jewish members of the American Communist Intensive boycotting of Jewish businessmen a large percentage of listed Communists in Party, who were already upset by the attitude has driven many of them out of the country, South Africa had been Jews. He asked the of the Soviet Union towards Israel during but little discrimination is directed against Jewish community to take a firm stand and and since the Six-Day War and by its treat­ Jewish professional men. influence their minors to respect the State. ment of its Jewish minority. Few Jews The South African Board of Deputies pro­ within or close to the Party agree mth the tested against the speech and non-Jewish whitewashing of the Soviet Union and its IRANLAN EARTHQUAKE students donned Yellow Stars to show associated States over the invasion of Czecho­ solidarity with their Jewish colleagues. Mr. slovakia by Gus Hall, the Party secretary, and The American Joint Distribution Committee Muller, m reply, said that he agreed with the it is believed that the great majority of the rushed food, medical and other supplies and Board that the entire Jewish community could non-Jewish members do not agree with him money to the areas of north-east Iran devast­ not be held responsible for the actions of either. ated by earthquakes. The Joint has an oflBce individual members, but the Jewish com­ in Teheran, the Iranian capital. munity did not stand beyond criticism. The Negro Antisemitism About 80,000 Jews live in Iran, with 53,000 South African Premier, Mr. B. J. Vorster, in the capital. As far as could be ascertained defended Mr. Muller and urged the Johannes­ The militant Negro community is making there were few, if any, Jewish casualties in the burg Jewish community—and all other parents threats of violence against Jewish teachers in earthquakes since there are no communities in and children—to be less sensitive to criticism New York. A leaflet signed by " The Society the area. expressed in their own interests by a respon­ for the Liberation of the Black Man in sible Minister. America" placed on Jewish teachers' desks and in their cars calls them " Middle East mad­ men and murderers of colonial peoples" and AUSTRALIAN PAPERS CLOSE " bloodsucking exploiters" who cannot be trusted to teach Negro children. After more than 90 years the " Australian Jewish Herald", together with its Yiddish EX-S.S. Woman in New York subsidiary the " Jewish Post", has ceased pub­ lication. The " Herald " was the recent centre Mrs. Russel Ryan, a New York City woman, of a storm when the Victorian Board of was four years ago revealed by Simon Deputies accused its publisher of giving space Wiesenthal of Vienna as a former supervisor to an anti-Israel columnist. in Nazi concentration and death camps and The chairman of the public relations com­ a member of the S.S. She has now been cited mittee of the Board of Deputies issued a state­ in an American denaturalisation action which ment regretting the closure of the newspapers, could lead to her deportation. The denaturali­ and denying that the Board had at any time sation action identifies her as " a cruel and adopted a policy of boycott against the sadistic woman who unnecessarily beat and " Herald ". He alleged that any cancellations tortured defenceless prisoners." of subscriptions or advertisements by organisa­ The Govemment bases its case on the fact tions or individuals had been brought about as that Mrs. Ryan, the fonner Hermine Braun- a reaction to the paper's offensive editorials. steiner, concealed a three-year prison sentence and confiscation of her property by an Austrian court in 1949 for torturing and mis­ ROME RABBI ON POPE'S ENCYCLICAL treating camp inmates. Her citizenship appli­ cation also failed to note that she had been The Chief Rabbi of Rome, Professor Elio a member of the S.S. Toaff, commented on the Pope's encyclical on She entered the U.S.A. in April, 1959, as the birth control. He stated that Jewish tradition wife of an American she had met while he had already accepted birth control implicitly, was working on a building j)roject in Germany, by establishing the duty of each couple to bear and became an American citizen on January 15, two children, thus fulfilling their obligation to 1963. the Jewish people. AJR INFORMATION October, 1968 Page 5 F. Thorn Old Acquaintances THE ENCLAVE Germany: Paula Wessely will appear in Ibsen's "Ghosts" at Hamburg's Thalia Theater.—Peter Ebert, son of Carl Ebert, is Jewish Life in Austria to open Augsburg's opera season with Verdi's " Othello ".—Crete Mosheim will star in It cannot happen often that the main asset and a less tolerant editor than Mr. Fraenkel "Glasmenagerie" on T.V.—Zarah Leander of a book is its lack of coherence. But the might have objected to somebody calling her will sing in "Wodka fuer eine Koenigin" history of a Jewish community first in an Ein in Schmerzen gereifter Mensch—eine in Hamburg.—Seventy-eight-year-old Ernst empire of enormous dimensions, later within juedische Dichterin in deutscher Sprache, Deutsch, who was recently in "Vor Sonnen- the boundaries of a shrunken, minute repub­ especially when biographer and subject are unterang" in Luceme, will again join lic cannot be anything but incoherent.* one and the same person.) Barlog's ensemble in Berlin.—East Berlin's Geschichte in Einzeldarstellungen must by In Part One ("Life") our imaginary his­ Metropol Theater is to present "White Horse nature include the story of the narrator as torian will probably find his most valuable Inn" and Wolf Mankowitz's "Make Me an well as the history of group strata and classes. information. Richard Grunberger's research Offer ".—Walther Schmieding, who has been By arranging 34 essays (and a comprehensive into Austro-Jewish journalism, for instance— working for German T.V. since 1963, will suc­ bibliography) under such headings as " Life ", the most reviled of all Jewish activities—has ceed Paul LoeflBer as director of Berlin's " Biography and Memoirs ", " History " and to my knowledge not been attempted before. Festival; LoeflSer is taking over the director­ "Destruction", overlapping for obvious He does not try any whitewashing of men like ship of Zurich's Schauspielhaus.—Grethe reasons, only an arbitrary order can be estab­ Lippowitz and Alexander Weiss — an impos­ Weiser is starring in Roussin's " Lokomotive " lished. The book tries to achieve the impos­ sible task in any case—and still succeeds in at Berlin's Renaissance-Theater. sible, namely, a general view. Fortunately giving an overfall picture of fundamentally Books and Authors: Valerie von Martens it fails. What these three-dozen distinguished honest and competent newspapermen. (By is editing " Das grosse Curt Goetz Album", authors achieve, however, each of them with the way, Hans Habe was not a contributor to a collection of photographs by her late hus­ brush-strokes of varying vigour and skill, is a Schreier's Morgen, but took over the editor­ band, for Deutsche Verlagsanstalt.—^Hilde picture in clashing colours, and the most vivid, ship after Schreier left.) My personal choice Spiel's " Rueckkehr nach Wien ", a 1946 diary, the most penetrating picture imaginable. of compulsory reading for somebody without will be published by Nymphenburger The fact that an Austrian Jew finds his any first-hand knowledge would be " Jewish Verlagshandlung.—Frederick Kohner's "Kiki own life and brittle fragments of his own soul Artists in the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries," of Montparnasse" will be published by in every paragraph tends to obscure the real by Walter Pillich; Hilde Spiel's " Jewish Cassell, London. issue: whether these essays on life and Women in Austrian Culture" and, last but Obituary: Fritz Stiedry, the 84-year-old destruction of a unique ethnical blend will not least, the editor's own contribution about former conductor of the Charlottenburg opera, increase an unbiased historian's understand­ Chief Rabbi Dr. Giidemann and his relationship who survived the war in the States, has died ing or leave him more puzzled than before. to Herzl ("The Chief Rabbi and the in Zurich.—Christian Morgenstern's widow, Objections against this kind of emotional Visionary "). Margareta, has died in Breitbrunn.—Bruno writing of history will, of course, be raised In Part Two ("Biography and Memoirs") Heilig, 80-year-old Ullstein joumalist who all the more articulate the more unprejudiced again, personal preferences must not stand spent the war years in London, died in East our fictitious objector is. The involved reader for objectivity, but the late Martin Freud's Berlin where he had worked as a German-Hun­ cannot see anything but the strange pheno­ comment on people in his father's orbit (" Who garian translator since 1948.—The death has menon he himself is part of—the miracle of was Freud ? ") is a fabric of love and sober occurred, at the age of 94, of Bmno Paul, who conscious survival. assessment so densely woven that it seems started as cartoonist of " Simplizissimus " and the most valuable. Anecdotes like the one then as an architect, and who was, for 26 In the editor's noble words, these essays about Dr. Bienenfeld and his Teutonic adver­ years, director of Kunstgewerbeschule; he are designed to " restore the freshness of the sary in Court are full of atmosphere, although was banned during the Third Reich.—Gerda wilted flowers which once sprouted from the Martin Freud (deliberately) does not " tell" Maums, Austrian film star of Fritz Lang's fertile Viennese soil." Later generations will them. " Spione" and " Frau im Mond", died in have to find out whether the everlasting, ever- Part Three (" History") spans so wide a Duesseldorf, where she was a member of the virulent Austrian antisemitism has poisoned range of subjects—from "Jevrish Migratory stage ensemble; she had originally been the soil for good. And in this context it Movements in Austria in Recent Generations " married to R. A. Stemmle. should be said that for each of the great Euro­ to Die Geschichte der Oesterreichischen This and That: Seventy-five-year-old Lya pean names there were many nameless men, Wiedergutmachung (all with statistics and Mara, former German film star and widow of shopkeepers and small traders, doctors, figures)—^that it could, and should, be made director Friedrich Zelnick, who was a pro­ lawyers and teachers, who as a collective into a separate book, elaborating on the sharp ducer in England, now lives in Switzerland.— entity upheld what was once called Die division between different Jewish communi­ Wemer Ackerman, of the well-known choco­ Mission Oesterreichs. Their destruction left ties and including a chapter atout the remark­ late firm, has received the Royal Warrant. Austria a thousand times poorer than the loss Milestones : Harry Kahn, formerly drama of her famous refugees, some of whom went able Jews in Austria's Burpeniand. Part Four is called "Destruction," and the critic of the Weltbuehne, now translator of back anyway. . . . Hence the deep impact of books into German, celebrated his 85th birth­ the three articles about the virtually unknown neutral technological term is in itself a typo­ graphical image of irrevocable and final disas­ day in Lugano.—B. F. Dolbin, the well-known Jewish communities in Tyrol, Carinthia and art critic of New York's Aufbau, also turned Styria. Der Jud. in whose crammed stores ter. It would be vain to seek or establish literary merits in these four major articles 85; he helped build the Tauern railway, was farmers bought their ploughshares and their a member of Karl Kraus's circle, a pupil of seed-corn, was the real hero, because for such about events, which began with the ignomini­ ous stupidity of calling Jewish doctors Kran- the composer Schoenberg and appeared in honest people life outside Austria had no cabaret before he started his art career.— meaning at all. kenbehandler by government decree and ended with annihilation. The essays by P. G. J. Berlin-born Herbert Gmenbaum, who several It is, of course, not possible to classify the Pulzer, Robert Schwarz, Norman Bentwich and years ago retumed to Berlin from Israel, wealth of information — part of it very Herbert Rosenkranz are as scholarly detached where he helped to put the Chamber Theatre scholarly indeed—displayed on nearly 600 as the subject permits, and altogether monu­ on its feet, is 65; he was a member of the pages, let alone to judge and distinguish ments beyond praise. Jewish Kulturbund Theatre. between absolute values and, well, less abso­ " The Jews of Austria " is not an entirely iVeiea from Everytchere : Marlene Dietrich lute ones. Highly personal accounts like Aus satisfactory book—how could it be?—but a will again appear in her solo show on Broad­ der Mappe meiner Urgrossmutter and Darstel­ marvellous one. way next month.—Erich Maria Remarque was lung einer juedische Jugend in der Wiener made an honorary citizen of Ascona and Ronco, Vorstadt, by Martha Hofmann and Ernst Wal- P.S.—A few inaccuracies (partly in the bio­ his wife, Paulette Goddard, an honorary citi­ graphical notes) should be checked in later zen of Ronco.—Lion Feuchtwanger's widow, dinger, respectively, are marvellously compact editions, in order to avoid distress when and convincing in spite of their pedantic jubilees come. Dr. Hilde Spiel (page 569) Martha, has withdrawn permission to make J attention to detail or, rather, because of it. come to London in 1936, but was bom earlier. film of " Jud Suess ".—Eric Burger, now living (The amiable Frau Dr. Hofmann, however, Dr. BrasslofTs (p. 397) names are Fritz Lothar in Switzerland, is adapting " The Tenth Man " overdoes it a little. It is irrelevant that both and not Franz, and there is no reason to give and Gore Vidal's "Besuch auf einem kleinen the family's music teachers were hunchbacks, the names of all great Jewish doctors (pp. 41- Planeten " for German T.V.—Francis (Franz) 67) in the same order as they were called * Th* Jew* of Ainlrla. Essays on their Life, History Lederer is starring in a Czech film in Prague. and Destruction. Edited by Josef Fraenkel. Vallentine, when attending primary school, Mandl Felix, Mitchell, London. 600 pp. 63/- not. Freud Sigmund, Politzer Adam. . . . PEM Page 6 AJR INFORMATION October, 1968

LASTENAUSGLEICH ENTSCHAEDIGUNGS- UND Annahme des 20. Aenderung^esetzes In unserer Ausgabe vom Mai 1968 wurde RUECKERSTATTUNGSVERFAHREN der Entwurf des 20. Aendemngsgesetzes zum Lastenausgleichsgesetz dargestellt. Dieser Entvmrf ist nunmehr mit einigen Aendemn­ Entscheidung des GESUNDHEITSSCHADENSRENTEN gen angenommen und im Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 15. Juli 1968 veroeffentlicht Bimdesverfassungsgerichts Wichtig fuer ueber 70 jaehrige fruehere worden. Das Gesetz ist am 19. Juli 1968 in Berliner Kraft getreten. Eine der Abweichungen vom Entwurf liegt Am 24. Juli 1968 hat das Bundesverfas­ darin, dass infolge der langen Beratung vor sungsgericht eine Entscheidung erlassen, Die letzte Fassung der die Gesundheits­ Erlass des Gesetzes die Fristen verschoben die weitgehende Beachtung gefunden hat. schaden betreffenden " Zweiten Verord­ wurden. Die Antragsfrist fuer die Schaden- Nach dem Bundesrueckerstattungsgesetz nung zur Durchfuehrung des Bundesent­ feststellung laeuft nicht, wie im Entwurf (BRueG) in der Fassung vom 19.7.1957 schaedigungsgesetzes " (datiert 31. Maerz vorgesehen, am 30. Juni 1968 sondera erst waren rueckerstattungsrechtliche Geldan­ 1966) enthaelt in § 15a eine Neuregelung am 31. Dezember 1970 ab. Das Gesetz sieht sprueche gegen das Deutsche Reich bis zum der Berechnung dieser Renten, die zum vor, dass die Antraege auf Uauptentschaedi- 1.4.1959 anzumelden. Die Bestimmungen Teil zu Erhoehungen, zum Teil zu Verkuer- gung und Hausratentschaedigung, gleich­ ueber die Art und Weise der Anmeldung zungen fuehrt. Die Verordnung enthaelt gueltig ob es zur rechtzeitig beantragten Fest­ waren nicht in alien frueheren Besatzungs­ femer eine Tabelle, die eine Anpassung stellung gekommen ist oder nicht, nur bis zum zonen identisch und teilweise ziemlich for- dieser Renten an den—auch in Deutschland Ablauf von zwei Jahren nach der oben genann­ malistisch. Der Gesetzgeber hatte aber —eingetretenen Fall der Geldentwertung ten Frist, d.h. nur bis zum 31. Dezember 1972, erkannt, dass zahlreiche Beteiligte den bezweckt; man bezeichnet dies als gestellt werden koennen. Unterschied zwischen Entschaedigungsver­ " lineare Erhoehungen." Schliesslich Diese Fristen beziehen sich auf Entziehun­ fahren und Rueckerstattungsverfahren enthaelt die Verordnung eine Bestimmung, gen in Gebieten, fuer die bereits Lastenaus- nicht kannten und daher ihre Ansprueche wonach ihr Inhalt nicht zur Kuerzung der gleichsleistungen vorgesehen sind, d.h. auf das nur nach Massgabe des Bundesentschaedi­ bisherigen Bezuege fuehren darf. Gebiet der jetzigen Bundesrepublik und die gungsgesetzes angemeldet hatten. Er hat Die deutschen Entschaedigungsaemter, sogenannten Vertreibungsgebiete. Schaeden daher in Par. 30 des erwaehnten BRueG die also auch das Entschaedigungsamt in Ber­ im Gebiete der jetzigen Bundesrepublik duerf­ Bestimmung aufgenommen, dass es lin, haben diese Bestimmungen dahin auf­ ten, sofern sie von Opfern der national­ genuege, wenn eine entschaedigungsrecht­ gefasst, dass die Rente zwar auch dann, sozialistischen Verfolgung erlitten wurden, in liche Anmeldung bis zum 1.4.1959 erfolgt wenn die Neuregelung des § 15a zu einer der Regel im Zusammenhang mit den Ruecker­ sei. Kuerzung fuehren wuerde, in bisheriger stattungsverfahren abgegolten sein. Es bleiben Da die Bundesregierung auf dem Stand­ Hoehe zu zahlen sei, dass aber in diesen daher, wie bereits in dem Aufsaitz vom Mai punkt stand, dass mit Par. 30 BRueG Miss- Faellen darueber hinaus eine " lineare 1968 ausgefuehrt wurde, im wesentlichen brauch getrieben worden sei, so hat sie die Erhoehung" nicht stattfindet. Viele Berech­ Schaeden anzumeJden, die durch national­ gesetzgebenden Instanzen veranlasst, bei tigte halten diese Auffassung fuer falsch sozialistische Entziehung in den sogenannten Verabschiedung des Dritten Gesetzes zur und meinen, dass in solchen Faellen Vertreibungsgebieten enstanden waren, d.h. Aenderung des Bundesrueckerstattungs­ zusaetzlich zur bisherigen Rente die in den jetzt polnischen oder sowietischen gesetzes vom 2.10.1964 den erwaehnten " linearen Erhoehungen " der Verordnung Teilen des ehemaligen Reiches (Schlesien, Paragraphen durch zwei Zusaetze zu zu zahlen sind. Zahlreiche Bescheide der Pommera, Ostpreussen), sowie in der ergaenzen, dahingehend dass : deutschen Entschaedigungsaemter sind Tschechoslowakei, Polen, Ungarn und daher im Prozesswege angefochten worden. Rumaenien. (a) die Anmeldung des rueckerstat­ Die bisher ergangenen Entscheidungen des Fuer Schaeden im Gebiete der jetzigen tungsrechtlichen Anspruchs im Ent­ Bundesgerichtshofes sind unklar und D.D.R. sind Lastenausgleichsleistungen bisher schaedigungsverfahren " irrtuemlich " widerspruchsvoll; wann eine klare Stel­ nicht vorgesehen. Hierzu bedarf es eines erfolgt sein muss und lungnahme dieses hoechsten Gerichtshofes besonderen Gesetzes. Wohl aber sieht das erfolgen wird, laesst sich nicht vorher- Beweissichemngs - und Feststellungsgesetz (b) die Anmeldung nur genuegt, wenn sagen. (BFG) vom 22. Mai 1965 die Moeglichkeit vor, aus ihr " die feststellbaren Gegenstaende die Feststellung von Schaeden in diesem erkennbar sind, fuer die Ersatz verlangt Das Berliner Entschaedigungsamt hat nun Gebiet zu beantragen. Die Einzelheiten wird." —in dem Geiste, der dieses Amt seit der dieses Feststellungsverfahren wurden in Zeit des verstorbenen Senators Lipschitz Die Bundesregierung hatte diese Bestim­ "A.J.R. Information," August 1968, darge­ beherrscht, und unterstuetzt durch eine stellt. Waehrend aber zur Zeit der Veroeffent­ mungen lediglich als Klarstellung der alten Entscheidung des Kamraergerichts — fol­ angesehen. Demgegenueber wurde jedoch lichung dieses Aufsatzes eine Anmeldefrist gendes beschlossen : Wenn der Berechtigte noch nicht bestand und auch im Entwurf des geltend gemacht, dass die neuen Vorschrif­ ueber 70 Jahre alt ist, so sollen, ten die Rechte der Verfolgten in einer dem 20. Aendemngsgesetz LAG nicht vorgesehen unbeschadet der grundsaetzlichen streiti- war, bestimmt die endgueltige Fassung des Grundgesetz widersprechenden Weise ver- gen Rechtsfragen, auch die "linearen kuerzten. 20. Aenderangsgesetzes, dass die Festtellung Erhoehungen" zusaetzlich zur bisherigen bis zum 31. Dezember 1972 beantragt werden Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat nun Rente gezahlt werden, selbst wenn das Amt muss. entschieden, dass der Zusatz " irrtuemlich " frueher eine unguenstige Entscheidung in der Tat nur eine Klarstellung sei und hat getroffen hat. Entscheidungen im Sinne insoweit der von einigen Interessenten bei dieser neuen Praxis liegen bereits vor. Your House for:— ihm erhobenen Klage nicht stattgegeben. Das Entschaedigungsamt hat aber darauf Dagegen hat es die Beanstandung des hingewiesen, dass in solchen Faellen die CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO, zweiten Zusatzes fuer begruendet und ueber 70 jaehrigen Berechtigten sich bei UPHOLSTERY demgemaess diesen Teil der Neufassung ihm besonders melden sollen. Es ist nicht des Par. 30 fuer verfassungswidrig und moeglich, aus der grossen Zahl der gerade SPECIALITY daher nichtig erklaert. in Berlin vorliegenden Faelle diese Faelle Die Tragweite dieser Entscheidung wird von Amts wegen herauszusuchen. CONTINENTAL DOWN sich erst nach einiger Zeit ergeben. Die Bemuehungen, die Berliner Praxis nach QUILTS! in Zeitungsveroeffentlichungen genannte Westdeutschland auszudehnen, sind im Zahl von 80.000-100.000 neu aufzuneh- Gange. menden Faellen ist von der Bundes­ ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS regierung fuer den Fall angegeben worden, dass der Klage in beiden Punkten statt­ BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER ESTIMATES FREE gegeben werde. So wie die Entscheidung Finest selection recondifioned PIANOS. nun lautet, bleibt zunaechst insbesondere Part exchange. Deferred terms. DAWSON-LANE LIMITED abzuwarten, in welchen Faellen die JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Gerichte annehmen werden, dass die 2 Park West Place, Marble Arch, W.2 Telephone: 904 6671 Anmeldung im Entschaedigungsverfahren Tel.. PAD 8818/9 " irrtuemlich " war. Authorised Bechstein Dealers Personal attention of Mr. W. Shackman AJR INFORMATION October, 1968 Page 7

Egon Larsen Minister flies into the lion's den to tell him in unmistakable terms : if you attack Czecho­ slovakia, the whole world will fight you. After all, that's the only thing he can say, isn't it? PRAGUE-AUTUMN, 1938 "I don't know," says Berthold. "I'm not so sure—" We all meet in the room of the Prager "Telegram for you," says Susanne as she law has been declared in eight frontier Tagblatt editor, Rudi Thomas. He lies on a opens the door. She is terribly curious to know districts. couch. Tagblatt journalists, correspondents, all what it says, and looks over my shoulder as We look at each other in silence. This sorts of press people are standing and sitting I open the envelope. could mean war—war today. At this moment, about, discussing the news. Many are refugees "Ring immediately Berthold Prager Tag­ perhaps, the bombers are already starting from Germany, most of them Jews. The morn­ blatt," says the telegram. We have no from somewhere near Dresden. I hope ing edition has been " put to bed," and we telephone, and I have to go down to the Susanne, alone in the flat, won't listen to are waiting for the first copies. cake shop to ring Dr. Berthold. the news on the radio. It would frighten her " So there may be no war after all," says It is a warm and sunny day, typical of this no end. someone. radiant, golden autumn in Prague. Around But Berthold and I are journalists ; news, " It wouldn't be the worst thing to happen, the new block of flats where we live a whole however depressing it may be, is first of all war," someone else answers. " We may all host of mothers have brought their babies a cue for action. And a good thing, too; it be thrown out of the Republic." out. It is a pity that the benches have been leaves us no time for brooding. " See what " And who's going to throw us out ? " taken away from the little square to make things look like in the streets," he says, and "The Czechs." room for the trenches. Susanne and I have I set out. " What ? Now ? Now that we all have the discussed the question whether it would be A human river presses forward on the same enemy—Hitler ? " safer to go into the cellar or into these pavement in the Wenzelsplatz. There are whirl­ "They'll settle with Hitler, and then we trenches—^she's for the cellar, I for the pools around the news vendors; people form German democrats and you emigrants can all trenches. If war breaks out before we come groups, everybody talks to everybody. " He'd pack up." i to an agreement we'll have to experience our be mad to attack us," I hear someone say. " So what," I say. " It sounds improbable, first air-raid apart from each other. " The whole world would be against him ! " but it still would not be the end of the world. The children like the trenches and are There are shouts at one corner: " Long live You can emigrate along with us, you for the playing in them ; their satchels lie on the our army! Long live our President Dr. first time, we for the second." breastwork hke sandbags. They play at being Benes ! " They are so polite, the Czechs ; even Rudi "Thomas smiles sadly. "I shall not Czechs, Germans, Russians, Frenchmen. For now they never omit his title. emigrate. I won't be a bottle-washer in New them the war has already begun. The diplomatic quarter of the town is quiet. York or a shoe-shine boy in Buenos Aires. " Can you help me out today ? " asks Ber­ Ten white horses, belonging to the mounted What's the good of a life like that? I don't thold on the 'phone. " I need some stories for police, nibble their supper-time oats outside believe we shaU see things coming right again my agency in London. Things are getting pretty the British legation ; the policemen are pat­ in our time. I admire your optimism. As far as hot." ting the animals' necks. Others sit on a bench I'm concerned, I'd rather kill myself." "Yes, of course, I'll just have a cup of in front of the French embassy, playing with When I get home, Susanne is already in bed. coffee at home, and then I'll come." I buy the caretaker's children. The shutters of the I bring her the wonderful news of Chamber­ some of the delicious pastries in which German legation have been lowered. lain's flight red-hot. It's the Tagblatt headline, this shop specialises. It seems odd that one There is a group of poorly dressed peasants of course. She is wildly happy. She jumps can still get them, so near the war. outside the Masaryk railway station. 'The men out of bed. We drink a slivovitz toast to Susanne and I play a game of chess while carry cardboard boxes, the women bedding. Mr. Chamberlain, and then we play another we eat and drink. We both play abominably, They are Sudeten German refugees: Social game of chess. but it helps to drive from our minds the Democrats, Communists, or people who have nagging thoughts about Hitler and the crisis— for some other reason aroused the wrath of or does it? "When I've won a game I feel their Nazi neighbours. I listen to their stories ; CZECHOSLOVAKIAN EXODUS much happier about things," she says. In so do the Czechs around them. They know there fact, the chessmen seem to take the places are two kinds of Sudeten Germans: these There are about 14,000 Jews in Czecho­ of the poUtical figures of the day, and the poor refugees who have been driven out slovakia and, of these, it is estimated that 1,500 have left the country since the Soviet latest incident may look something like this : of their homes and villages, and the other invasion. Dr. Eduard Goldstuecker, until K. to B.'slst—Q. takes B.Ch. We are saturated kind—Hitler's fifth column. Someone collects recently chairman of the Czechoslovak with the crisis, with politics, with the thought money in his hat and gives it to the oldest of Writers' Association, vice-rector of Charles of war. I am worried about Susanne. I know the group. " Nimm's, Vater," he says simply. University in Prague, and Czechoslovakia's she can't bear noise and explosions ; but she " It's not charity. We owe you people a debt. first Minister to Israel in 1949-50, is among will not mn away from it all, even if she You've defended our Republic." Another Czech the Jews who have arrived in Vienna, together could. Like the rest of us she would prefer bystander asks, "What did the Nazis tell with his family. the sirens and the bombs to hearing Prague you about us ? " The refugees grin awkwardly. Professor Ota Sik, who initiated Czecho­ slovakia's economic liberation, was attacked Radio blaring out the Horst Wessel Song, " They told us that all the Germans in Prague in " Pravda ", which printed a letter casting like that March week-end when we tuned were being killed off, and we'd be sent to a indirect aspersions on him for his Jewish in to Vienna. concentration camp if we came here." Every­ origins. Dr. Frantisek Kriegel, a member Of The news sheets are piling up on Berthold's body laughs. Sausages, sweets for the children the Czechoslovak Communist Party presidium desk. "Try to make a story for London out appear out of nowhere. But some women are and farmer chairman of the National Front, is of this," he says, and I sit down at the type­ crying. another Jew forced from office by the Back at Berthold's office a new pile of Russians. Detained by the Russians with Mr. writer. The news is appalling. One frontier Dubcek after the invasion, he was later pre­ incident after another. Hitler seems deter­ messages has accumulated. General Beck, sent with Mr. Dubcek at President Svoboda's mined to provoke the Czechs into retaliating. German Chief of Staff, has resigned. Demon­ talks in Moscow. Unlike the other Czech But the most intolerable provocation comes strations in Downing Street. Roosevelt returns leaders he refused to sign the Moscow agree­ from inside the Czechoslovak borders, from to Washington, the King to London. Hitler ment because he considered it as capitulation. the Sudeten German Nazis. Czech policemen holds a Council of War in Munich. Is it start­ The Polish press has attacked Jews for their and civilians have been killed, customs officers ing now ? We can't get through to London by " counter-revolutionary and revisionist dragged across the frontier into Germany, telephone; Germany has stopped all transit theories" and for having been behind the Sudeten German Socialists beaten up and tor­ communications. But Dr. Berthold has a call Czechoslovak liberalisation movement. tured. At one or two points German soldiers from the Hotel Ambassador, headquarters of Anglo-Jewish organisations are making a joint effort to assist Czech Jews who have are already fighting side by side with Henlein's the international press in Prague. The Times decided to remain in Britain. They include Nazis. One message after another tells of correspondent seems to have a bit of news for the Central British Fund for Jewish Relief people killed, wounded, kidnapped. Then, him. He says " Yes " and " I see " a few times, and Rehabilitation, the Jewish Refugees Com­ suddenly, the flow of news stops. One of the and then the pipe falls out of his mouth. mittee, the Leo Baeck Lodge of B'nai B'rith Tagblati stenographers appears at the door. " Wha-a-at ? " he crieS. " Are you sure ? " and the Hillel Foundation. London families "We can't get through to Karlsbad and I have never seen him so excited. have offered accommodation to Czech students Reichenberg any more," he says, wiping the and efforts are being made to find places for He hangs up. " Chaml)erlain," he says, them in British universities. There were sweat from his forehead. " The bastards must " Chamberlain—he's flying to Hitler! " about 3,000 Czech citizens in Britain at have cut the wires." But there are two more If this is tme it is certainly the crowning the time of the Russian invasion. In Vienna, messages from the Czechoslovak news agency, sensation of the day. And it is trae. Ten many Czechoslovak Jews applied to the from Prague. Henlein's party has broken off minutes later, the press agency confirms it. American Distribution Office for various forms negotiations with Benes's government. Martial We heave sighs of relief. So the British Prime of assistance. Page 8 AJB INFORMA'nON October, 1968

Alfred Laurence Each time a new idea comes up in conversa­ tion, the professor has another amusing story to tell, a smile ready to offer a sharp, yet non- offensive comment. There is all the charm SIR KARL POPPER of Vienna about the slim, small man from the Austrian metropolis who has become one of Portrait of an Independent Thinker the great spiritual leaders of Western science and philosophy and whose books will still be When Sir Karl Raimund Popper gave the calls his wife, Josefine Anna (nee Henninger) read for many decades after our generation Compton Memorial Lecture at Washington —a colleague from the Vienna Pedagogic Insti­ of more or less displaced persons will have University, St. Louis, Missouri, on April 21, tute, whom he married in 1930—a " displaced been called away. We can be immensely proud 1965, he was introduced with a reference to person," Professor Popper himself did not to know that Sir Karl Raimund Popper has "the authority of his towering learning and come to England as a refugee. been one of us. Of course, he would be the achievements in science and philosophy." The last to admit any pride—"Ich bitt' Sie, wen Yet, ethnologically he identifies himself sollen wir fuehren ? Wohin ? Wozu ? Wer chairman of the department of philosophy with the Jewish immigrants to this country went on : " Any topic he might have chosen will gefuehrt werden von uns ? Sich nur nicht from Central Europe and gladly acknowledges wichtig nehmen. . . ." for discussion would, we know from his works, his gratefulness and admiration for Great have been illumined for us by an intelligence Britain, he calls English history " the greatest Thanks for the message. Sir Karl—we shall as incisive and a clarity of expression as success story" and the British monarchy remember. marked as any available in the world of learn­ extremely important for the stability of ing." English life. He has remained a staunch anti- GERMANY TODAY The Compton Lecture, meanwhile published Fascist to the present day, also an adversary Limitation Law as " Of Clouds and Clocks," is only a very of Franco and of all racialism. But, at the The representative council of West German brief summary of what is contained in the same time, he has for many decades written organisations of victims of Nazism and the many volumes published by Professor Popper at great length against Marxism and opposed Central Council of Jews in Germany have since his first paper on the philosophy of Stalin and Mao—without, however, opposing issued a call for the introduction of a law education written in 1925 for the Pedagogical violently life in the present-day U.S.S.R. abolishing the statute of limitation. Under Institute of the City of Vienna. All men of "What really is Communism," he asks, and the present law no proceedings can be taken leaming can read his works in the major lan­ quotes some lines from the American poet, against Nazi criminals after December 31,1969. guages of the world, including Arabic and Robert Frost, in favour of " half-revolution " Dr. Gustav Heinemann, the Minister of Japanese. His main fields of interest cover Justice, stated that as long as only the Social and " revolution only in the mind" : ever Democratic Party supports a law abolishing the philosophy of science and theory of know­ since his experiences with practical Socialist the statute of limitation for murder or post­ ledge, as well as axiomatic and interpretations bureaucracy in his youth in Vienna he has poning its application, it is useless to submit of the calculus of probability, language, philo­ remained extremely critical of immature such legislation to the West German Parlia­ sophy, history, sociology and the theory of revolutionary efforts and preferred the ment. He personally is in favour of such evolution. He discussed determinism with methods of Anglo-Saxon democracy. legislation. Einstein and " did not find him adamant," and " The term ' capitalism' had an entirely The Minister of Justice of Schleswig-Hol­ has been professor of logic and scientific different meaning in Karl Marx's time—today stein, Herr Gerhard Gaul, has attacked the method in the University of London since 1949. demands for abolition of the statute. The the Trade Union Congress in England repre­ West German judiciary had done everything When his famous work, " The Poverty of His­ sents much more power than all British in its power in past years to find and prosecute toricism," was first published here, Arthur capitalists combined ! " all Nazi criminals, said Herr Gaul. Between Koestler wrote in the " Sunday Times" of it What does the professor think of the 1945 and 1967 inquiries into the activities of as " probably the only book published this year students' revolts? "They should study, not about 77,000 people had been conducted. which will outlive this century." The " Fest­ engage in politics. They want a part in During that period a total of 6,192 people had schrift," published in 1962, in honour of his been sentenced for crimes committed in the academic administration, but do they know Nazi era, and 17,000 persons were still under sixtieth birthday, is a volume of 480 pages, anything of the dreariness of the task they with contributions by no less than 29 well- investigation at the beginning of this year, he are facing ? Do they understand the real prob­ pointed out. known authorities, who are his former pupils lems of their education ? " Of course, people or friends. Yet—how few of us know Sir Karl ought to be activists and should vote, but he N.P.D. in Berlin and his work and fame ? knows only few really worthwhile politicians The National Democratic Party's attempt to " Wir sollen uns nicht wichtig nehmen ! " —and among the other kind he classifies rally support in West Berlin drew little sup­ he wamed, when he leamed of the idea of a General de Gaulle. Winston Churchill, who port. For its first public manifestation the party chose the seventh anniversary of the brief article on his current ideas — and offered the French in their gravest hour full building of the Berlin wall to hold a protest modesty appears to have been his Leitmotiv union with Britain, was a sincere politician march. This was disrupted by about 1,000 since his early youth, when he began his who continued to learn new facts all through anti-Nazis who tumed out in reply to a call studies at the age of 16 at the university of his life — the same cannot be said for the from the West German Labour Federation, his native Vienna. To complete his education French President in his recent stand against which denounced the N.P.D. as the " successor he also worked, as a young man, as a carpen­ Britain and the United States, the very coun­ party to the Nazis ". ter's apprentice and qualified as a skilled car­ tries to whom France owes her survival. Atom Aid Denied penter while doing, at the same time, social Professor Popper remained an anti-Zionist work in the working-class quarters of the Aus­ Egyptian press reports that West Germany until the factual creation of the State of is aiding Israel in building atom bombs, have trian capital. His first published book— Israel. But now that the statu.s quo has been been denied by the Bonn Foreign Ministry. "Logik der Forschung," 1934—started his definitely changed and a new generation of A spokesman said that West Germany is not Schroedinger and Einstein correspondence, but Israelis, bom in the ancient land, has grown helping Israel or any other Middle East Moritz Schlick, Camap, Heinrich Gomperz and up to be more important than the original country to produce atomic weapons or is the psychologist, Karl Buehler, had befriended Jewish immigrants, he thinks that Israel is supplying arms to any of these States. The him even earlier, and Hayek and Lord Rob­ a home more for the Jewish Israelis than for spokesman pointed out that these allegations bins, of the London School of Economics, as the remaining Arabs, and opposes the violence had been raised in some East German circles well as Niels Bohr, took an interest in his of Arab politicians like Nasser and Arab recently. He emphasised that the 140 million work even before he first came to London marks (about £14i million) provided by the nationalism altogether—although he has con­ West German-Israel economic agreement this and Copenhagen in 1935 and 1936. tributed to the relief efforts for Arab refugees. year would be spent only on civilian projects " I really wanted to leave Austria and Non-violence is his foremost creed—^he is in the Jewish State. become an international scholar already in an admirer of Ghandi, and concedes that reli­ 1927, long before Hitler and his followers gions are needed by great masses of people. Proceedings Against Publisher Dropped would have actually forced me to abandon Yet, his belief does not include the anthropo­ Proceedings have been dropped against Dr. my academic career at home in Vienna," the morphic idea of a "maker" of this universe Gerhard Frey, the publisher and editor of the professor commented. His parents, the solici­ —without being atheist he still remains over­ extremist weekly, " Deutsche Nationai-Zeitung and Soldaten-Zeitung ". In July last year the tor, Simon Popper, of Vienna, and his wife, awed by the immense infinity of knowledge paper published a front-page photograph of Jenny (nee Schiff) belonged to the Viennese in our cosmos and has written beautifully Hitler, accompanied by a rabidly anti-Israel bourgeoisie, but the Socialism of his early about his " indeterminism," as well as about article accusing the Jewish State of Nazi-like youth led him to identify himself with the rationalism and our never-ending task to try atrocities. The issue of the paper was seized workers of his country and the intemational to be rationalist : both Spinoza and Freud by the police and Dr. Frey was charged with Socialist movement and to approve for a short erred in their judgements about our emotions, disseminating a Nazi symbol. time even violent resistance against Hitler's Spinoza by underrating them, Freud by over­ The Munich High Court raled that the case Fascist gangsters. But although he jokingly rating their part in our spiritual make-up. must be dropped because of the latest amnesty regulations. AJR INFORMATION October, 1968 Page 9 OBITUARIES ROUND AND ABOUT EAST GERMAN SENTENCES MR. JULIUS J. FEIG MEMORLAL MEETING FOR According to West Berlin reports, a Rostock Mr. Julius J. Feig died recently at the age DR. F. GOLDSCHMIDT court has sentenced Paul Brekenfelder, a of 84. He was associated with the work of former S.S. sergeant and guard at Sachsen­ the AJR since its inception, first as a Com­ The widespread sense of loss felt after the hausen concentration camp, to hard labour for mittee Member of the AJR Richmond Group, death of Dr. F. Goldschmidt was reflected in life for war crimes and crimes against which for several years held regular local the large attendance at the meeting held in humanity. meetings in the district, and later as a mem­ his memory on August 20 in the hall of the An announcement in East Berlin states that New Liberal Jewish Congregation. Professor Kurt Wachholz, a former Gestapo oflScial and ber of the Board. His contacts with our supervisor at Theresienstadt concentration activities were strengthened anew when his Norman Bentwich, who was in the chair, camp in Czechoslovakia during the war, has late wife. Dr. Edith Feig, became a House described Dr. Goldschmidt as one of the out­ been arrested in East Germany and charged Committee Member of Otto Hirsch House standing representatives of German Jewry with crimes against humamty respecting (Kew). Mr. Feig and his family arrived in with its blend of general and Jewish cultural Jewish ghetto inmates. It was emphasised this country only a few days before the out­ that the arrest was the result of joint inquiries attainments. Dr. Arthur £. Kaufmann by the Czech and German authorities to prose­ break of war. In Berlin, where he had lived recalled the deceased's bonds of friendship cute alleged Nazi criminals. before, he was a partner of the old-established and loyalty with the K.C. students' fratemity, cigar factory of I. Neumann. A widely a movement which can only be properly interested, unassuming and helpful person­ assessed in context with the situation of RUMANIAN NATIONAL LIBERA'nON DAY ality, he will be gratefully remembered by all Jewish students prevailing at the German who knew him. universities. Dr. Henry Minden paid tribute Rumania's Chief Rabbi, Dr. David Moses to Dr. Goldschmidt's work for the B'nai B'rith Rosen, whilst on a recent private visit to DR. FALK SCHLESINGER London from Bucharest, pledged full support both in pre-war Germany and in this country, to President Nikolai Ceausescu of Rumania. Dr. Falk Schlesinger, Director of Shaare especially as the first president of the Leo Dr. Rosen cabled the gratitude of the Jewish I Zedek General Hospital, died in Jerusalem Baeck (London) Lodge. Dr. Werner Rosen­ population of Rumania for their religious at the age of 72. Born in Hamburg, he came stock spoke on behalf of the Council of ireedom and equality of rights and assured from a family of teachers and religious Jews from Germany and of the AJR, and also the President of the Jewish community's leaders. He graduated at Berlin University abiding loyalty. The occasion was the anni­ recalled the personal courage displayed by versary of the national liberation of Rumania. and, together with a colleague, opened a Dr. Goldschmidt under the Nazi regime as private hospital in that city. With the rise of Nazism he went with his wife and children a leading oflRcial of the Reichsvertretung and to settle in Jemsalem where he continued the Central-Verein. Mr. Adolph G. Brotman, SYNAGOGUE IN THE HAGUE his medical work. In 1947 he was appointed Vice-chairman of U.R.O., stated that the efforts of Dr. Goldschmidt in the field of The Liberal Jewish congregation of The director of Shaare Zedek Hospital and in Hague has acquired the former Sephardi spite of great financial diflSculties succeeded restitution and compensation had decisively Synagogue in the Princessegracht, built in in bringing the hospital on a par with modern helped to ease the position of the victims of 1726 by the famous architect, Clement Marot. medical standards. Dr. Schlesinger took a Nazi persecution. The dignified function was The synagogue has been closed since 1945, special interest in the development of the opened and concluded by recitals rendered except for an occasional wedding or barmitz­ by Mr. Paul Blumenfeld ('cello) and Mr. Paul vah. The few Sephardim still resident in The Shaare Zedek Institute for Medical Halachic Hague have worshipped at the Ashkenazi Research. Lichtenstern (organ). Synagogue.

AJR ANGLO-GERMAN LAWYERS' CHARITABLE ASSOCIATION MEETING ON TRUST Tuesday, October 29, These are the ways in which you can help: at 8 p.m. at the CONTRIBUTIONS German Institute, UNDER CONVENANT 51 Princes Gate, S.W.7 GIFTS IN YOUR DR. JOSEF NEUBERGER LIFETIME Minister of Justice of the Land A BEQUEST Nordrhein-Westfalen IN YOUR will give a lecture (in German) WILL on THE ROLE OF THE ADMINISTRA Space donated by TION OF JUSTICE IN THE TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED, WEIMAR REPUBLIC, IN THE Britannia Works, 14 VIcar Lane, THIRD REICH AND TODAY 25 St. Pancras Way, Ossett, London, N.W.1 : Yorks. GUESTS ARE WELCOME 01-387 7461/5 09-243 4675

H. KAUFMANN Painting & Decorating H.WOORTMAN&SON Specialising in 8 Baynes Mewt, Hampstead, N.W.3 'FhOM HAMpttMd 3974 High-class Interior Decorating Continentol Builder and Decorator (Oorxtj Silliouette Ltd 84 Baker St. London, W.l 201 Wembley HIII Road, Specialist In Dry Rot Repoirs Wembley, Middx. (ARNold 5525) ESTIMATES FREE Page 10 AJR INFORMATION October, 1968

tured at the " Staatliche Hochschule fuer LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Bildende Kunst" and at the " Lessing- Hochschule ". In New York he first lectured GERMAN JEWRY'S RESISTANCE DE GAULLE, DOUBLE LOYALTIES AND at the New School for Social Research and AJR later at a number of other institutes of higher Sir,—In his review of the book by Arnold Sir,—It was with some amu.sement that I education. Paucker about Jewish defence activities under read Mr. F. W. Ury's " cri de coeur " in your the Weimar Republic (August, 1968), Mr. latest issue. Up to now I was under the HELP CZECH REFUGEES! Larsen deals only very briefly with the efforts impression that the species of the brotherhood As reported on page 7 of this issue, the of the "Reichsbund iuedischer Frontsoldaten" of trembling Israelites had gone out unth the Jewish Refugees Committee, Woburn House, and the K.C. Mr. Paucker's book carries a Dodo. Upper Woburn Place, London, W.C.l, is detailed description of the fight of the K.C. Amongst the many things which all of tts actively rendering assistance to Czech students against the steadily growing menace of the should have leamed by living in this country and tourists who do not wish to return to their Nazis at the universities. Members of the is surely the lesson that in a civilised society country and also to an increasing number of K.C. defended the honour of Jewry in the way a man has many loyalties. To deny this means refugees who have fled from there. There is customary at German universities. When this playing into the hands of those who proclaim an immediate need for hospitality or accom­ hecame impossible because their adversaries a monolithic conception of the state. modation at nominal rates. Moreover, quite a declined to take up challenges for duels, the Yours etc number of these new refugees are very hope­ K.C. organised special courses in boxing and London, N.W.S. DR. H.'N. FELD. ful that they will be granted permission to other methods of self-defence. Mr. Paucker take up employment in this country and are also states that a special chapter of a study DR. PAUL ZUCKER 80 interested in suitable jobs. Apart from young of the history of the K.C., written by the under­ The architect. Dr. Paul Zucker (New York), people of both sexes, the Jewish Refugees signed, deals with the actirnties of the K.C. recently celebrated his 80th birthday. In Committee is trying to help couples and mem­ during the period 1926-1932. Berlin, where he lived until 1937, he was in bers of broken-up families. Yours, etc., charge of the erection of many well-known Those willing to assist are urgently ADOLPH ASCH. buildings, among them the headquarters of requested to contact the above-mentioned London, S.W.19. the Berlin Medical Association. He also lec­ Committee. FAMILY EVENTS Feig.—Mr. Julius J. Feig, of 34 COMPANION - HOUSEKEEPER LADY available for carrying out required for my mother, aged 81, alterations/mending, also at cus­ Entries in the column Family Brookwood Avenue, London, S.W.IS, passed away in his 84th in pleasant, easily run, centrally tomers' premises. 'Phone 01-995 Events are free of charge. Texts year after a sudden heart attack. heated house, Torquay area ; pref­ 2578. should be sent in by the 18th of Deeply mourned by his daughter, erably able to drive small (Morris EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS AND the month. Mrs. Vajifdar. and her family. 1000) car which is available for RE-STYLING. All kinds of fur private and holiday use; cleaning Birthday Fuchs.—Dr. phil. Clara Charlotte work undertaken by first-class Fuchs, 37 Chiswick Village, Lon­ woman employed. Please reply in renovator and stylist, many years' Scheinberger. — Mrs. Franziska don, W.4 (formerly Stuttgart), detail to Box 978. Scheinberger (nee Oppenheim), of experience and best references. Heinrich Stahl House, The Bishop's passed away suddenly in Israel on WOULD CAPABLE kind, educated 'Phone 452 5867 after 5 p.m. for Avenue, London, N.2 (formerly August 24. Deeply mourned by lady run modem centrally heated appointments. Mrs. F. Phillipp, Hamburg), will celebrate her 90th her sisters and families and friends. home. Midlands, for Jewish 44 Ellesmere Road, Dollis Hill, birthday on September 24. Heichelheim.—Mr. A. M. Heichel­ graduate, widower, professional, 41 London, N.W.IO. heim, of 10 Hodford Road, London, years, vrith intelligent, well- BRIDGE PARTNER wanted for Weiss.—The AJR Club expresses N.W.ll (formerly Geissen), passed mannered 10-year-old daughter. occasional games, by average its very best wishes to Mrs. Lily away peacefully on August 17th Box 985. players. COLindale 5519. Weiss, of 8 Douglas Waite House, aged 65, after three months' ill­ 13 Priory Road, London, N.W.6, LADY aged 45-60 required to take KEEP FIT, fight obesity ; breathing ness. Deeply moumed by his control, flexibility, posture, mas­ who celebrated her 70th birthday loving wife, son and daughter. charge of widower's house. North on September llth. of England. Daily help kept. Own sage ; small group; contributions Lowenstein. — Mr. Erast Leo separate suite. Some entertaining. according to means. Enquiries: Marriage Lowenstein (formerly Eisenach and Teenage children home during 9-10 a.m., CUN. 9800. Gould-Herz.—On September Sth at Berlin), died unexpectedly on holidays. Box 986. SMALL ORIENTAL RUGS the synagogue. St. Gallen, Switzer­ August 24. Deeply moumed and expertly repaired. HAM. 9806. land, John Gould, elder son of Mr. sadly missed by his son and Accommodation Vacant and Mrs. E. Gould, of 18 Old daughter-in-law. AJR Needlewoman Service Manor Court, Abbey Road, London, JEWISH ORGANISATION in Post.—Mr. Joseph Post (formerly Finchley Road area; has 4 to 6 N.W.3, to Miss Irene Herz, Postakiewicz, of Breslau), 1 WOMEN available for dressmak­ daughter of Mr, and Mrs. H. Herz. rooms to let for organisational ing, alterations, mending, handi­ Middlesborough Road, Harold Hill, purposes. Enquiries to Box 977. of Dierauerstrasse 2, St. Gallen, Romford, Essex, passed away. crafts. MAIda Vale 4449. Switzerland. Deeply mourned by his wife, SELF-CONTAINED, ground-floor, Personal Rebecca, and his friends. furnished flat; bedroom, lounge, Golden Wedding bath/kitchen, w.c, garden; cen­ Reis.—Mrs. Lisbeth Reis (formerly MY FRIEND, attractive widow, Graetz.—Dr. med. Martin Graetz trally heated ; Edgware, near tube, would like to meet gentleman ,_ and Mrs. Johanna Charlotte (n6e Ring, nee Engel), of Osmond buses, shops, etc. Box 981. House. The Bishop's Avenue, Lon­ between 60-70 for companionship, A Jacoby), Kreisaltersheim Weil am EASTSIDE HOUSE for elderly possibly matrimony. Box 979. w Rhein, D 7858 Weil am Rhein, don, N.2, passed away on Septem­ ber 7th. Deeply mourned by her people; adequate night and day DOCTOR, retired but still partly Eimeldinger Str., 55, W. Germany, nursing ; fees 36/38 gns. per week. celebrated their Golden Wedding family and friends. active, wishes to meet lady, object Eastside House Ltd., 24 Eastside matrimony. Box 982. S on September 19. Scliiff.—Mr. Max Schiff, of 129 Road, London, N.W.ll. 'Phone : Kent Street, Epping, N.S.W, 01-455 4624. WIDOWER, 60, no children, with » Deaths Australia (formerly Berlin), passed comfortable home in Devon, The AJR Club mourns the death away suddenly after a heart attack. TO LET, modern, sunny comfort­ secure position, would like to make of its members : Mrs. Gisella Gut- Deeply mourned by his widow, able room, centrally heated, full the acquaintance of lady in her man, of 96 Hillsborough Court, brother and sister-in-law. board, very good food, TV lounge, 50s, object matrimony. Box 983. London, N.W.6, and Mr. Martin Warschauer.—Mrs. Gertrud War­ suit retired people, references WIDOW, late 50s, young looking, RosenthaL of 50 Barrington Court, schauer (nde Casper), widow of desired. 'Phone : VIR. 9683. would like to meet gentleman in London, N.W.ll. the late Rabbi Dr. M. Warschauer, Accommodation Wanted his 60s, who is interested in having Apt.—Mrs. Charlotte Apt (nee of Sunnyside, Salisbury Road, a home again. Object matrimony. Kohn), of Morris Feinmann Home, Woking, Surrey, passed away on FURNISHED OR UNFURNISHED Box 984. Spath Road, Manchester, 20 (for­ August 22 in her 76th year. ROOMS with cooking facilities, WIDOWER. German origin. 47 merly Berlin), passed away peace­ Wolff.—Dr. Oswald Wolff, of 7 preferably in the North-Westera vears of age. 5 ft. 4 in. tall, living fully on September 17th. Deeply Lyndhurst Road, London, N.W.S, districts of London, required for in N.W. London, own house, mourned bv her husband. Max Apt, passed away suddenly on Septem­ single, elderlv people. AJR Social wishes to meet lady up to 45 years children Eva Baer (Jerusalem) ber 14th. Deeply mourned by his Services Department, 'phone of age. object friendship and and Ilse Meyer (Madison, U.S.A.), wife, son, daughter-in-law and MAIda Vale 4449. eventual marriage. Box 987. sons-in-law and five grandchildren. grandsons. CON-nNENTAL LADY seeks Distelburger.—Mr. Moses Distel- CLASSIFIED luxury accommodation, either rent MISSING PERSONS burger. of 63 Corringham Road, Situations Vacant room or share flat: central heating AJR Enquiries London, N.W.ll, passed away Women essential. Box 980. peacefully on August 22nd. Deeply EXPERIENCED COOK REQUIRED Sander.—Dr. E. L. Sander, last mourned by his daughters, sons-in- twice weeklv, private household, Miscellaneous known address 131 Harehills Lane, law, grandchildren, relatives and St. John's Wood district, 10s. per BABY-SITTER available. 'Phone Leeds. 8, formerly Hoechst-Frank- friends. hour. Box 976. 01 995 2578. furt/Main. mi^ ^i^£S ^Sfm-rvu^v^,^;, .;!3s^iB»wag«HM

AJR INFORMATION October, 1968 Page 11

W. Rosenstock EASTERN JEWRY POLISH COMMUNITY The Social and Cultural Society in Poland, DACHAU PILGRIMAGE the major Jewish institution, the Yiddish- language newspaper " Folks-Sztyme ", and the famous Warsaw Yiddish Theatre, are in Delegations from 15 countries attended the lowes (Churchill) and four M.P.s. There were danger of extinction. At a meeting of the unveiling ceremony of the Dachau Memorial also several former German and Austrian Jews Society's Silesian branches in Wroclaw on September 8. There was no barrier between in the British contingent. The flight arrange­ (Breslau) an indication was given that the ments from London were made by the British whole future of organised Jewry in Poland is East and West, and among the countries repre­ in doubt. The resolutions indicated that there sented were Yugoslavia, Hungary and Eastern Government, which put an R.A.F. 'plane at was criticism of the Society's leadership, that Germany. A special welcome was extended the disposal of the delegation. Special tributes " Folks-Szytme" is losing readers and con­ to the delegates from Czechoslovakia. The are due to the organisers of the British trans­ tributors, and that it is virtually impossible to Council of Jews from Germany and the AJR port, Mr. " Bob " Hollowday, G.C., and Captain conduct ideological work among the Jewish were represented by the writer. B. R. Hanauer. population in the present circumstances. Most of the participants were either them­ The impressive huge monument, the unveil­ In immediate danger is the Yiddish Theatre ing of which occasioned the rally, is a fitting whose internationally celebrated founder and selves ex-prisoners of Dachau or had made director, Ida Kaminska, has emigrated follow­ the pilgrimage in memory of close relatives tribute to the victims. It depicts seven ing her retirement. Arriving in Vienna with who perished in the camp. For all of them emaciated bodies, their limbs intertwined. her family, she said she had not been forced the visit to the site, for twelve years a place The artist is Nid Glandor, a Yugoslav, whose out of Poland but had nevertheless endured of suffering, but also of untold courage, was brother died in the camp and whose parents much trouble there. She added it was a wrench an unsurpassable experience. Survivors perished in Auschwitz. to leave, especially after 22 years at the head located the areas where they had worked as of the Yiddish Theatre and with an uncer­ However, not only the monument but the tain future. Miss Kaminska went on to Israel, slaves and where their barracks once stood. entire site of the former camp is a permanent which she said she would make her main home Each of them had to tell a story of his own. memorial of the Nazi terror. The design of and centre of her activities. And yet, the predominant feeling was not one the area is due to the initiative of the Comite It has been learned that the Polish authori­ of bitterness or emotional excitement but of International de Dachau (Brassels), which ties have confiscated a large proportion of the pride—and of gratitude for having been per­ represents organisations of former Dachau files, documents and evidential material col­ mitted to live to see this day. There were inmates in twenty countries. The major part lected by the Jewish Historical Institute in also many personal reunions of former com­ of the costs was defrayed by the Bavarian and Warsaw, and removed them to an unknown rades now living in different countries. destination. " Trybuna Ludu", the Com­ Federal German Govemments and the Muni­ munist Party newspaper, alleged that photo­ The ceremonies were opened by religious cipality of Munich. The site also includes the copies of some of the documents and even services in the small memorial buildings of former crematorium and some original some documents themselves had been sent to the three denominations. The service in the barracks. Records of the past are displayed Israel by the Institute. Knowledgeable War­ beautiful synagogue was conducted by Rabbi in a particularly well arranged museum. The saw sources, however, consider that this action H. I. Gmenewald (Munich). exhibits not only recall the history of Dachau was taken to deprive the Institute of its docu­ but also convey details of the origins of the mentary evidence of the part played by some At the official unveiling ceremony, which Poles in the war-time extermination of Polish followed, the main speakers were the Presi­ Nazi movement and of antisemitism in Ger­ Jewry. dent of the International Dachau Committee. many. They also deal with the anti-Jewish Major-General Albert Guerisse, and the Vice- measures between 1933 and 1939, including KYCHKO'S NEW ANTISEMITIC WORK Premier of Bavaria, Dr. A. Hundhammer, both the mass arrests during the November, 1938, former Dachau prisoners. As readers will pogroms, when altogether 30,000 German and Trofim Kychko, author of the antisemitic Austrian Jews went through the inferno of booklet " Judaism Unmasked" which was have seen from reports in the general press, ofiBcially condemned by the central committee the proceedings were disturbed by a dozen the camps, 10,000 each in Dachau, Buchenwald of the Soviet Communist Party four years ago, or so people, mainly students, who carried and Sachsenhausen. has now completed another booklet. This banners with anti-Vietnam war and anti-Nato These records of the pre-war crimes are of latest work called " Judaism and Zionism" slogans and who also tried to shout down Herr particular importance from our point of view. accuses " the ideologists of Judaism" of Klaus Schuetz, President of the Bundesrat and As the crimes committed between 1939 and teaching Jews to " hate people of other faiths Mayor of Berlin, when he delivered a message and even exterminate them ". The booklet is 1945 and the number of people affected by to be published in Ukrainian by Znannia, the on behalf of the Federal German Government. them surpassed anything which had hap­ Unfortunately, undue prominence was given ofiBcial atheist organisation. pened before, the world easily forgets that Attacks on Jews and Judaism and accusa­ to these anti-establishment disruptions, now the war against humanity started in 1933 and tions of dual loyalty have been a feature of en vogue all over the Western world. Their that the German Jews were among its first the Soviet press recently. " Red Star", the instigators not only showed disrespect to the victims. Sometimes it seems that even the Soviet Army daily, declared that "the memory of tens of thousands of heroes but German Jews themselves lack a necessary religious morality of .ludaism isolates religious were also oblivious of the fact that, but for sense of history. Many of them have a matter- Jews from other nations and justifies any the courage of those anti-Nazis, freedom of crime against Gentiles". The article also of-fact approach to life. They certainly help accuses " the Zionist imperialist agencies in thought and speech would have vanished from each other where help is necessary, but are New York and Tel Aviv " of " disseminating the European continent. easily inclined to dismiss memorials as useless the libel of alleged persecution of Jews in the The list of the representatives of States expressions of false sentimentality. The Soviet Union." was headed by Prince Bernhard of the Nether­ Dachau site with its museum reafiBrms the lands, and included the Bonn ambassadors of importance of mementoes which visibly pre­ CZECH WRITER IN ISRAEL the United Kingdom, Sir Roger Jacklin, and serve the manifestations of a barbaric period. Arnold Lusti§, the Czechoslovak-Jewish of Israel, Mr. A. Ben-Natan. Among the 75 It is, therefore, also a hopeful symptom that writer, has arrived in Israel from Italy members of the British delegation were Group the number of German visitors to the camp together with his family. They are immigrants Captain Leonard Cheshire, Mrs. Odette Hal- is steadily increasing. to the country. f Catering ^unth a i'lfferente Hotel Pension Food* ol »ll nitlon* for formil or YOUR FIGURE PROBLEMS Informal occasions—In vour own home 'THE HOUSE ON THE HiLl' or any ««nu«. SOLVED ARLET Free consultations—please phone Nursery and Kindergarten MRS. L. SCHWARZ . . . by a visit to our Salon, where 77 ST. GABRIEL'S RD., LONDON. N.W.3 Tel.: CLA. 4029 5 NETHERHALL GARDENS, N.W.3 ready-to-wear foundations are Exquisitely furnished rooms for visitors Mrs. ILLY LIEBERMAN and permanent guesti. Prospectus from the Principal, HAM. 1662 Central heating. TV, Radios, Garden. WEStern 2872 expertly (itted at

Mme H. LIEBERG Do you want comfort, security GOLDERS HILL A HOME FOR YOU and every convenience 871 Finchiey Road, Golders Green, HOUSE HOTEL ROSEMOUNT, First-Class Accommodation CM.B.T.A.) N.W.II (next to Post Office) room with own bath, excellent Continental The hotel where everyone feels at home. 17 Parsifal Road, N.W.6 food. TV lounge, gardens ? Bed and Breakfast Hotel. SPE. 8673 Mrs. A. WOLFF, 48 & 50 WEST HEATH DRIVE. HAMpstead 5856 & 8565 LONDON. N.W.II (SPE. 1110) 3 Hemstal Road, N.W.6 (3 minutes Golders Green Tube and bus The Boarding House with Culture NawMl shadas in Hosiery (MAI. 8521) station, adjacent Golders HIII Park) Page 12 AJR INFORMATION October, 1968

Herbert Freeden (Jerusaleni) These manifestations of hate and hostility, lies and falsehoods, distortion and discrimina­ tion are only specimens of the vast quantities SCHOOLS FOR HATRED to be found in the school textbooks of Egypt, As early as 1949 a handbook, published by and joined sides with his enemies to fight him. Syria and Jordan, whose seals appear on the Unesco, proposed a set of principles for the Today they are fighting the Arabs." (From covers. The question arises: why is Unesco improvement of textbooks and teaching mate­ "Religious Culture Teaching," Egyptian text­ silent ? Certainly, those countries have not rials as aids in international understanding. book for first-year junior high school.) carried out their written undertaking to avoid The suggested criteria included questions anything that could " impede international, In some books the Jews are described as racial, social or religious understanding " and like : Are words and phrases which develop people who live in darkness, as cowards who prejudice, misunderstanding and conflict to preclude " any harmful elements, notably dislike people living in peace. "The Jews in connection with religion." avoided ? Are the same standards of scholar­ are scattered over the ends of the earth, since ship, justice and morality applied to other by their nature they are vile, greedy and Mr. Ezra Hess, a young Jerusalem scholar, nations and groups as to one's own ? Are enemies of mankind." (From a Syrian reli­ has been collecting wide and comprehensive minority groups, other races, nations and gious text reader for second-year junior high material on this subject which he plans to nationalities treated fairly and justly? Is due school.) The teachings are not confined to publish as a booklet. fepresentation and recognition given to their children. An Egyptian textbook for third- contribution ? year teachers' college reads : "The Jews ANNIVERSARY OF JEWISH HOSPITAL To mark the 125th anniversary of the In replying to this questionnaire, Egypt, won't live but in the darkness. They contrive foundation of the Hamburg Israelitische Kran­ Syria and Jordan answered that the commit­ their evils clandestinely. They fight only kenhaus, a celebration was held on Septem­ tees appointed for the purpose ensured that when they are hidden, because they are ber 7 in Hamburg's America House. Mr. the textbooks did not contain " any harmful cowards." Eric M. Warburg, chairman of the Kuratorium, elements notably in connection with religion " A Jordanian author uses this as an explana­ presided and messages were delivered by or " anything which could impede inter­ tion for the persecution of the Jews in representatives of the Hamburg authorities national, racial, social or religious understand­ and of medical organisations. The main Europe. " The Jews in Europe were perse­ speakers were Dr. E. G. Lowenthal, who gave ing " or " any passages likely to harm inter­ cuted and despised because of their corrup­ an address on " Juedisches Krankenhauswesen national or religious understanding" (cf. tion, meanness and treachery." (From in Deutschland—Versuch eines geschicht­ Unesco Publication on XXII Conference on " Modern World History," Jordan, for third- lichen Rueckblicks", and Felix Epstein who Public Education, Geneva, 1950). year junior high school.) described the history of the hospital. How do, in fact, these textbooks treat Jews In another chapter of his book, " The Pales­ The hospital owes its foundation to the and Judaism ? tinian Problem" (see above), Dukan al generosity of the banker Salomon Heine, an Hate and enmity are nurtured by fantastic Hindawl allocates a few pages to quotations uncle of the poet. Due to its medical standard it has always enjoyed a very high reputation. stories about Jewish crimes and characteris­ from the " Protocols of the Elders of Zion," Originally situated in St. Pauli, a new building tics and about sinister aspects of Jewish reli­ the notorious forgery about a world Jewish with accommodation for 220 patients was gion. In " The Palestinian Problem," written conspiracy. It seems that this forged docu­ erected in Hamburg-Eppendorf with the help by Dukan al Hindawl, a former minister of ment is not enough for him. He adds his of the State of Hamburg and consecrated in education in Jordan (1964-67), and used for own interpretation and conclusions : " The 1960. last-year high school, it is said : " It is nearly first Zionist Congress in the year 1897 certain that Judaism is the only religion which endorsed a comprehensive programme con­ VENEZUELAN HONOURS has made a tenet of espionage and set up cerning the aims and methods of the Zionist Rabbi Moshe Binia, rabbi emeritus of for this purpose rules and organisations. movement. The main part of this programme Venezuela's Sephardi community for over thirty years, has received the Order of Fran­ Zionism exploits references to espionage in appeared in the Protocols of the Elders of cisco de Miranda for " distinguished service the Bible in order to transform espionage into Zion. which were approved secretly by the to the nation ". Thirty-one other foreign-born a so-called religious service carried out by the higher committee of the Congress. . . ." ("page citizens also received the honour, including Zionists with deep religious fervour. . . ." 35.) On page 42 he continues : "The Bible Mr. Jules Waldman Schwartz, the publisher of In order to foster hatred of the Jews and justified intercourse between two spies and Venezuela's English-language newspaper, of Israel some of the authors use religious the harlot from Jericho. The Bible favoured " The Daily Journal ". this since it aided them in their task of justification and persuasion. Islamic religious CHARLES H. JORDAN MEMORIAL FUND books and traditions are enlisted for the cam­ espionage, which in turn helped Joshua con­ paign. The technique is as follows : the quer the town . . . and according to the In memory of Charles H. Jordan, the Direc­ author cites a certain anti-Jewish extract from instructions of the Elders of Zion and to what tor General of the "Joint" who died last is mentioned in the Bible, the Zionists saw year in Prague under mysterious circum­ the classical Islamic literature and adds to it stances, a Memorial Trust has been erected. supplementary explanations : " The Jews of the spread of corruption and decay as an It is to be used for scholarships to students in our time are the descendants of the Jews who objective and as a means." As pointed out the field of social work. The president of the harmed the prophet Muhammad. They before, this is a textbook for last-year high fund is Mr. Edward M. M. Warburg, until some betrayed him, they broke the treaty with him school. years ago chairman of the " Joint."

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