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Octobre 2013 Madame La Députée Européenne, Monsieur Le Octobre 2013 Madame la députée européenne, Monsieur le député européen, En tant que membres de la communauté scientifique internationale, nous vous écrivons pour vous faire part de notre vive inquiétude quant à la situation des mers européennes. Les réformes de la Politique Commune de la Pêche (PCP) et du Fonds Européen pour les Affaires Maritimes et la Pêche (FEAMP) ont fourni à l’Union Européenne (UE) une excellente occasion de jouer un rôle important pour mettre fin à la surpêche au niveau mondial, grâce à une réduction importante des subventions au secteur de la pêche. Nous vous demandons urgemment, en tant que représentant élu des citoyens européens, de guider le Parlement européen dans la bonne direction pour relever ce défi mondial. Les écosystèmes marins ont atteint un point de non-retour, et la surpêche représente une des menaces les plus sérieuses à leur productivité. Notre longue expérience dans l’étude des écosystèmes marins et des pêches maritimes nous a permis d’observer les changements significatifs qui ont déjà eu lieu dans l’environnement marin. En l’espace d’à peine quelques décennies, l’amélioration des techniques de pêche ont permis d’envoyer des navires à des distances et à des profondeurs plus grandes que ce que nous avions jamais imaginé1, et donc de capturer des quantités de poissons qui ne sont plus durables2. De nombreux stocks de poissons, dont certaines espèces situées en haut de la chaine alimentaire marine, ont été appauvris au point de n’être plus aujourd’hui qu’à une fraction de leurs niveaux historiques3. Les subventions ont, par le passé, largement contribué à augmenter la capacité de la flotte européenne en finançant massivement la construction de nouveaux navires4. On estime ainsi que 1 E. Norse et al. (2012) Sustainability of deep-sea fisheries, Marine Policy 36: 307–320 2 U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): more than 85 percent of the world’s fisheries are now overexploited, fully exploited, significantly depleted or recovering from overexploitation in FAO. (2012) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture – 2012. Part 1: World Review of fisheries and aquaculture. Rome 3 R. A. Myers & B. Worm. (2003) Rapid Worldwide Depletion of Predatory Fish Communities. Nature 423: 280-283; J. A. Hutchings & J. D. Reynolds. (2004) Marine fish population collapses: consequences for recovery and extinction risk. BioScience 94: 297-309; R. A. Myers et al. (2007) Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean. Science 315: 1846–1850. 4 The construction of fishing vessels was subsidized under the Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG), which lasted from 1994 to 2006 1 la capacité de la flotte de l’UE est deux à trois fois supérieure à ce que permettraient des niveaux de pêche durables5, alors que 39% des stocks de poissons évalués dans l’Atlantique Nord-Est et plus de 88% dans la Méditerranée sont toujours surpêchés6. Pourtant, malgré la situation précaire des océans, de nombreux Etats membres européens continuent d’allouer d’importantes subventions à leur secteur de la pêche. Ces subventions produisent de telles incitations à la surpêche que leur réduction représente l’une des mesures les plus significatives qui puissent être prises pour lutter contre la surpêche7. Un rapport de la Banque Mondiale8 a montré que les subventions renforcent la crise du secteur en créant des incitations à augmenter les investissements et l’effort de pêche dans des pêcheries déjà surexploitées. Les pertes économiques de la pêche mondiale qui découlent des inefficacités de gestion (y compris les subventions) et de la surpêche s’élèvent à 50 milliards de dollars par an (34.2 milliards d’euros). La réforme du FEAMP est l’occasion parfaite d’éliminer les subventions à la pêche qui sont préjudiciables à l’environnement pour la période de financement 2014-2020, et d’infléchir positivement le futur des pêcheries européennes. Continuer à dépenser les fonds publics en subventions néfastes ne fera qu’aggraver la crise de la pêche. L’UE doit mettre fin aux subventions directes à la flotte, telles que les subventions aux nouveaux moteurs, à la construction ou la modernisation de navires, ou pour financer l’inactivité de navires dans les ports. Au contraire, l’argent public devrait être utilisé pour servir le bien public, et être concentré sur des mesures de contrôle du respect des règles de gestion, la collection de données, la recherche scientifique et des évaluations des stocks. Il est de votre responsabilité de garantir que les négociations sur le FEAMP soient un succès qui mette fin aux errements du passé. Nous vous prions d’agréer, Madame la députée, Monsieur le député l’expression de nos salutations distinguées. 5 European Commission. (2008) Press Release: Common Fisheries Policy: Commission launches a mid-term review, IP/08/1339. 6 European Commission (2013) 319 final Communication from the Commission to the Council concerning a consultation on Fishing Opportunities for 2014 7 U.R. Sumaila et al. (2010) A bottom-up re-estimation of global fisheries subsidies, Journal of Bioeconomics, 12, (3): 201-225. 8 R. Arnason, K. Kelleher and R. Willmann (2008) The Sunken Billions: The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform. The World Bank, Washington DC 2 Dr. Alejandro Aguilar Dr. Carl Safina Professor at the University of Barcelona President, Blue Ocean Institute Barcelona, Spain Research Professor, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Visiting Professor Dr. Gilles Bœuf and co-chair, Alan Alda Center for Professor Communicating Science Université Pierre & Marie Curie Stony Brook University Paris, France Stony Brook, USA Dr. Philippe Cury Dr. Enric Sala Director of the CRH (Centre de Recherche Explorer-in-Residence Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale) National Geographic Society IRD - IFREMER Washington, D.C. Sète Cedex, France USA Dr. Rainer Froese Dr. Ussif Rashid Sumaila Senior scientist Professor and Director GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Fisheries Economics Research Unit Research Fisheries Centre Kiel, Germany University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada Dr. Ricardo J. Haroun Tabraue Center of Biodiversity and Environmental Dr. Les Watling Management Professor and Graduate Chair University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Biology Canary Islands, Spain University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii Dr. Sidney Holt Independent Consultant on Fishery Science Dr. Boris Worm and Management Professor of Biology Paciano, Italy Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada Dr. Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara President Tethys Research Institute Milan, Italy Dr. Daniel Pauly Professor and Director Fisheries Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada Dr. Callum Roberts Professor of Marine Conservation University of York York, UK 3 Signed online by 186 scientists: Iván Acevedo García Dr. Thora Amend Technician in Molecular Systematic Senior advisor development cooperation Laboratory and PhD about endangered GIZ, Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer marine invertebrates Internationale Zusammenarbeit Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Germany and Peru (CSIC) Spain Carolina Antequera Technician M. Teresa Aguado Institute of Marine Sciences CSIC Professor of Marine Zoology. Doctor Barcelona Research Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain Spain Jurgi Areizaga Ana Aguiar PhD. in Coastal Management Postdoctoral researcher Cantabria University University of Lisbon Spain Portugal Sophie Arnaud-Haond Miguel Alcaraz Researcher Professor Ifremer Institute of Marine Sciences France Spain Cynthia A. Arochi Zendejas Pedro Alfonso Programme coordinator Researcher GVI Mexico IMAR – University of the Azores Mexico Portugal Kathrin Bacher Edward Allison PhD candidate Senior Lecturer Centre of Advanced Studies in Blanes School of International Development, (CSIC) University of East Anglia Spain UK Enric Ballesteros Eduardo Almansa Berro Scientist Senior researcher Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes - CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography Spain Spain Jorge Baro Alexandre Alonso-Fernández Director Oceanographic Centre of Malaga Researcher Instituto Espñaol de Oceanografía Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Spain IIM.CSIC, Vigo, SPAIN Spain 4 Marisa Batista Luc Brendonck PhD candidate Professor of Biology Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de KU Leuven Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Belgium Portugal Isabel Maria Caballero Leiva Giovanni Bearzi Oceanographer Coordinator DHI Water and Environment Dolphin Biology & Conservation Singapore Italy Miguel Cabanellas Reboredo Estibaliz Berecibar PhD student Research Doctor IMEDEA Portugal Spain Matthias Biber Fulvio Arturo Calvenzi Undergraduate Student President Bangor University Federazione Italiana Pesca In Apnea UK Italy Thomas Binet Antonio Canepa Oneto Research fellow PhD Student - Marine Ecology. CEMARE Marine Science Institute (ICM-CSIC). UK Barcelona. Spain Julia Blanchard Assistant Professor Maria Capa University of Sheffield Research scientist-marine biology UK Norwegian University of sciences and Technology Marzia Bo Norway Researcher Università di Genova Massimiliano Cardinale Italy Senior scientist Institute of Marine Research Camilo M. Botero Sweden Professor University Sergio Arboleda Federico Cardona Pons Colombia Project Officer AquaTT Ltd Amanda Brechon Ireland PhD Student University College Dublin Edgar Casas Güell Ireland Pre-PhD. Researcher (FPI) Institute of Marine Science Spain 5 Ines Castejon Sophie Delerue-Ricard PhD Marine Evolutionary PhD Student Independent researcher Laboratory of Biodiversity and
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