9/17/2021 of Vardhamana - Examrace

Examrace Religion of India-Vardhamana Mahavira

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Vardhamana Mahavira 540 BC- 468 BC Born: 540 BC

Place of birth- Kundagram near Vaishali- Vill- Basarh

Father- Siddhartha, Chief of Jnatri Kshatriya clan;

Mother- Trishala, Licchchhavi provinces

Brother- Nandivardlian

Renunciation: abandon the world at the age of 30; ascetic Group called Nirgranthrs- (Free From Bonds)

kept on wandering for 12 years;

maximum stay in a village- 5hrs. -1 day

maximum stay in a town-5 lays

Kaivalya-Jnana Kaivalya-Jnana and abandoned them near Parsavanath Hills altogether when he attained perfect knowledge;

propagated for 30 years;

visited Kosala, Magadha, Mithila, Champa;

received under salatree on the bank of the river Rijupalika near the village

Jrimbhika-Grama died at the of 72 at Pavapuri in Rajgir in 468 B. C. , according to .

Jemeli- first disciple of Mahavira, subsequently the first leader of Jaina schism; Patronage: Chandra Gupta Maurya/Karavela of Kalinga and Chalukya Shiddharaja Hemachandra

great Jaina scholar 1088 AD

Devachandra was his guru appointed under Jayasimha Siddharaja (Chalukyan)

Philosophy They don՚t believed in creator, but emphasized on the existence of the perfected souls.

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They believed in The reality has indefinite number of aspects and attributes.

Syadavada: also known as Saptabhandi, accepts it, no absolute and final affirmation of denial is possible because knowledge is a relative quality.

Derived its metaphyscial thoughts form the Samakhya School.

Varna: unlike Buddhism, believes in rebirth and recognizes Varna.

Believed in Jiva and : The world consists of two eternal, uncreated, co-existing but independent categories.

It is the most scientific concept of . Jiva is conscious power, but embarrassed with limitations of materialism and corresponds to soul.

Ajiva is unconscious like, matter, space, motion, and rest time.

The most important aspect which distinguishes Jiva and Ajiva is the Knowledge.

Knowledge: Mati: Sense Perception Sruti: Intelligible Symbols Avadhi: Supermandane: Supernormal means Mahaprayaya: Telepathy KevalaJnana: Knowledge of perfected soul

Material: Jiva, Puddgal, , Akash, and Kal

Panch Anuvrata:

1. Non violence, i.e., Ahimsa

2. Speak the truth, i.e.,

3. commit no theft, i.e. Asteya,

4. Celebacy , i.e., Brahmacharya, Mahavira only introduced this, rest four was already existing

5. Non-possession (Aparigraha)

6. Tattavas: Aasrava: the flow of subjects, Sanwara: to stop the flow of subjects into the soul, : to destroy the subjects, and Siddha.

7. Jainism believed in three aspects: Spad-veda, Sapta-bhangi, and Nyaydeva.

8. The followers of Jainism is called NTRGRANTHAS.

Terminologies Jitendra: Conquered the senses

Nirgranthi: Free from fetters

Jina: the conqueror

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Arhant: Worthy or Perfect

Jaina Sect Due to the wearing cloths, a division took place in thee Jainism: Svetambara and

Svetamvara, founded by Sthulbahu.

Digambara, also known as Manatunganota, founded by

Jaina Council 1. First Council ″ Patallputra 3rd BC:

2. This council is known council of Elders, convened by Sthulabahu. Compiled 12 Angas which replaced 14 (Mahavira՚s Teachings) , teachings received by at the feet of Guru Sambutavijya, which was rejected by the .

3. Second Council: Valabhi: 5thAD Leadership: Devardhi Ksharnasrama Decision:

4. Finally Svetambaras 12 Angas reorganized and one was lost and added in the form of 12 Upangas, written down in Ardha-Magadhi language. Digambaras further divided into Samaiyas and Svetambaras divided into Therapanthis (who renounced idol worship and believed in scriptures, strict disciplinary laws.

Important Followers Gangas,

Kadambas,

Chalukyas, and Rashtraku-tas: patronized Jainism.

Jinasena and composed King Amoghavarsha of the Rashtrakutas - a Jaina wrote Ratnamalika Ganga ruler Nitimarga In Kanchi,

Samantabhadra Kalpa Sutra - most important treatise.

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