The Berber/Moor Holy Land Slave Trade and the Bantu-Tutsi (African) Slave Trade

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Berber/Moor Holy Land Slave Trade and the Bantu-Tutsi (African) Slave Trade The Star of Israel and the Holy Land Slave Trade to the Americas – The Bantusi The Berber/Moor Holy Land Slave Trade and The Bantu-Tutsi (African) Slave Trade Spain was retaken by Ferdinand and Isabella’s Army in 1492 and all Muslims were finally expelled in 1609 (Sookdheo p 173). Moorish Spain wasn’t tolerant or enlightened (O’Neill p 126). In 916, Marquis Adalbertusof Tusca, Marquis Albericus of Spoleto, Prince Landulf of Capua and Benevento, Prince Gaimar of Salerno, the dukes of Gaeta and Naples and Byzantine Emperor Constantine combined with Pope John X heading the land troops, and they defeated the Muslim Arabs freeing the Italian mainland! (Khan p 156) The Byzantine fleet also helped to protect Italy. - From: Islam’s European, Balkan and Asia Minor slave trade– Arabs, Berbers, Moors: Part F in Islam’s genocidal slavery. References: 1. Bostom, A. G. ‘The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic holy war and the fate of the non-Muslims.’ Prometheus Books. New York. 2005. 2. Constantelos, D. ‘Greek Christian and other accounts of the Muslim conquests of the Near East’ Ch. 37 in Bostom, A. G. ‘The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic holy war and the fate of the non-Muslims.’ Prometheus Books. New York. 2005. 3. Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 17 p 419 15th edition. 1982 Printed in the USA. 4. Hedaya or guide: A commentary on the Mussulman laws: Translated by order of the Governor-General and Council of Bengal by Charles Hamilton: Vol IV. (1791) London. Printed by T. Bensley. (this is a reprint of the original) 5. Karsh, E. ‘Islamic imperialism: A history.’ Yale University Press. 2006. 6. Khan, M. A. ‘Islamic Jihad: A legacy of forced conversion, imperialism and slavery.’ iUniverse, Bloomington, IN. 2009. 7. O’Neill. ‘Holy warriors: Islam and the demise of classical civilisation.’ Felibri publications. 2009. 8. Pipes, D: ‘Jihad: How Academics Have Camouflaged Its Real Meaning’ 12-02-02 http://hnn.us/articles/1136.html George Mason University History News Network 9. Pirenne, Henri. ‘Mohammed and Charlemagne.’ Dover Publications Inc, New York. Reprint 2001 of 1954 print by George Allen and Unwin. 10. Reliance of the Traveller: A classic manual of Islamic sacred law. In Arabic with facing English Text, commentary and appendices edited and translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller Al-Misri, Ahmad ibn Naqib; Amana publications Maryland USA 1994. 11. Sookhdeo, P. ‘Global Jihad: The future in the face of Militant Islam.’ Isaac Publishing. 2007. 12. The Scourge of Slavery vol 4 2004 http://www.christianaction.org.za/articles_ca/2004-4- TheScourgeofSlavery.htm 13. Ter-Ghevondian. A. ‘The Armenian rebellion against the Caliphate’ Ch. 38 in Bostom, A. G. ‘The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic holy war and the fate of the non-Muslims.’ Prometheus Books. New York. 2005. 14. Trifkovic, S. ‘The sword of the prophet.’ Regina Orthodox Press, Inc. 2002. 15. Warraq, I. ‘Why I am not a Muslim.’ Prometheus books. 1995 16. Ye’or, B. And G. Bostom. 2004 ‘Andalusian Myth, Eurabian Reality: Inventing the past, and denying the present.’ A Jihad Watch EXCLUSIVE essay http://www.jihadwatch.org/2004/04/andalusian-myth- eurabian-reality.html Arab slave trade Overview The Arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the Arab World , mainly Western Asia, North Africa, East Africa and certain parts of Europe (such as Iberia and southern Italy) during their period of domination by Arab leaders. The trade was focused on the slave markets of the Middle East and North Africa. People traded were not limited to a certain color, ethnicity, or religion and included Arabs and Berbers , especially in its early days. Scope of the trade Historians agree between 11 and 18 million Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and taken across the Red Sea , Indian Ocean, and Sahara desert between 650 and 1900, compared to 9.4 to 14 million Africans brought to the Americas in the Atlantic slave trade from 15th century to the early 19th century. From a Western point of view, the subject merges with the Oriental slave trade, which followed two main routes in the Middle Ages : • Overland routes across the Maghreb and Mashriq deserts (Trans-Saharan route) • Sea routes to the east of Africa through the Red Sea and Indian Ocean (Oriental route) The Arab slave trade originated before Islam and lasted more than a millennium. It continues today in some places. Arab traders brought Africans across the Indian Ocean from present- day Kenya , Mozambique , Tanzania , Sudan , Eritrea , western Ethiopia and elsewhere in East Africa to present-day Iraq , Iran , Kuwait , Turkey and other parts of the Middle East and South Asia (mainly Pakistan and India). Unlike the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the New World , Arabs supplied African slaves to the (Berber/Moorish so-called ‘Muslim world’), which at its peak stretched over three continents from the Atlantic (Morocco , Spain) to India and eastern China. Luiz Felipe de Alencastro states that there were 8 million slaves taken from Africa between the 8th and 19th centuries along the Oriental and the Trans-Saharan routes. Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau has put forward a figure of 17 million African people enslaved (in the same period and from the same area) on the basis of Ralph Austen's work. Paul Bairoch suggests a figure of 25 million African people subjected to the Arab slave trade, as against 11 million that arrived in the Americas from the transatlantic slave trade. The Arab slave trade from East Africa is one of the oldest slave trades, predating the European transatlantic slave trade by 700 years. Male slaves who were often employed as servants, soldiers, or laborers by their owners, while female slaves, including those from Africa, were long traded to the Middle Eastern countries and kingdoms by Arab and Oriental traders, as concubines and servants. Arab, African and Oriental traders were involved in the capture and transport of slaves northward across the Sahara desert and the Indian Ocean region into the Middle East, Persia, and the Indian subcontinent]. 20th century From approximately 650 until around the 1960s, the Arab slave trade continued in one form or another. The Moroccan Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif "the Bloodthirsty" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard , who coerced the country into submission. Historical accounts and references to slave-owning nobility in Arabia, Yemen and elsewhere are frequent into the early 1920s. In 1953, sheikh s from Qatar attending the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II included slaves in their retinues, and they did so again on another visit five years later. As recently as the 1950s, Saudi Arabia 's slave population was estimated at 450,000 — approximately 20% of the population. It is estimated that as many as 200,000 black Sudanese children and women had been taken into slavery in Sudan during the Second Sudanese Civil War . Slavery in Mauritania was legally abolished by laws passed in 1905, 1961, and 1981. It was finally criminalized in August 2007. It is estimated that up to 600,000 black Mauritanians, or 20% of Mauritania 's population, are currently enslaved, many of them used as bonded labour . The Arab slave trade in the Indian Ocean, Red, and Mediterranean Seas long pre-dated the arrival of any significant number of Europeans on the African continent. Descendants of the African slaves brought to the Middle East during the slave-trade still exist there today, and are aware of their African origins. Medieval Arabic sources These are given in chronological order. Scholars and geographers from the Arab world had been travelling to Africa since the time of Muhammad in the 7th century. • Al-Masudi (died 957), MuruJ adh-dhahab or The Meadows of Gold, the reference manual for geographers and historians of the Muslim world. The author had travelled widely across the Arab world as well as the Far East. • Ya'qubi (9th century), Kitab al-Buldan or Book of Countries • Al-Bakri, author of Kitāb al-Masālik wa'l-Mamālik or Book of Roads and Kingdoms , published in Córdoba around 1068, gives us information about the Berbers and their activities; he collected eye- witness accounts on Saharan caravan routes . • Muhammad al-Idrisi (died circa 1165), Description of Africa and Spain • Ibn Battuta (died circa 1377), Moroccan geographer who travelled to sub-Saharan Africa, to Gao and to Timbuktu . His principal work is called A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling. • Ibn Khaldun (died in 1406), historian and philosopher from North Africa. Sometimes considered as the historian of Arab, Berber and Persian societies. He is the author of Muqaddimah orHistorical Prolegomena and History of the Berbers. • Al-Maqrizi (died in 1442), Egyptian historian. His main contribution is his description of Cairo markets. • Leo Africanus (died circa 1548), author of Descrittione dell’ Africa or Description of Africa , a rare description of Africa. • Rifa'a el-Tahtawi (1801–1873), who translated medieval works on geography and history. His work is mostly about Muslim Egypt. • Joseph Cuoq, Collection of Arabic sources concerning Western Africa between the 8th and 16th centuries (Paris 1975) European texts (16th-19th centuries) • João de Castro , Roteiro de Lisboa a Goa (1538) • James Bruce , (1730–1794), Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (1790) • René Caillié, (1799–1838), Journal d'un voyage à Tombouctou • Johann Ludwig Burckhardt , (1784–1817), Travels in Nubia (1819) • Henry Morton Stanley , (1841–1904), Through the Dark Continent (1878) Other sources • African Arabic and AJam Manuscripts • African oral tradition • Kilwa Chronicle (16th century fragments) • Numismatics: analysis of coins and of their diffusion • Archaeology: architecture of trading posts and of towns associated with the slave trade • Iconography: Arab and Persian miniatures in maJor libraries • European engravings, contemporary with the slave trade, and some more modern • Photographs from the 19th century onward • Ethiopian (Ge'ez and Amharic) historical texts Historical and geographical context of the Arab slave trade A brief review of the region and era in which the Oriental and trans-Saharan slave trade took place should be useful here.
Recommended publications
  • Race, Rebellion, and Arab Muslim Slavery : the Zanj Rebellion in Iraq, 869 - 883 C.E
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Race, rebellion, and Arab Muslim slavery : the Zanj Rebellion in Iraq, 869 - 883 C.E. Nicholas C. McLeod University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, African History Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, History of Religion Commons, Islamic Studies Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation McLeod, Nicholas C., "Race, rebellion, and Arab Muslim slavery : the Zanj Rebellion in Iraq, 869 - 883 C.E." (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2381. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2381 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RACE, REBELLION, AND ARAB MUSLIM SLAVERY: THE ZANJ REBELLION IN IRAQ, 869 - 883 C.E. By Nicholas C. McLeod B.A., Bucknell University, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts In Pan-African Studies Department of Pan-African Studies University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2016 Copyright 2016 by Nicholas C.
    [Show full text]
  • Africans: the HISTORY of a CONTINENT, Second Edition
    P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 africans, second edition Inavast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostilecontinent.Africanshavebeenpioneersstrugglingagainstdiseaseandnature, and their social, economic, and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. The history of the continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors. John Iliffe was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of St. John’s College. He is the author of several books on Africa, including Amodern history of Tanganyika and The African poor: A history,which was awarded the Herskovits Prize of the African Studies Association of the United States. Both books were published by Cambridge University Press. i P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 african studies The African Studies Series,founded in 1968 in collaboration with the African Studies Centre of the University of Cambridge, is a prestigious series of monographs and general studies on Africa covering history, anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History
    Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts David P. Bresnahan June 2010 © 2010 David P. Bresnahan. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History by DAVID P. BRESNAHAN has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Nicholas M. Creary Assistant Professor of History Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT BRESNAHAN, DAVID P., M.A., June 2010, History Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History (156 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nicholas M. Creary This thesis explores the social, political, and symbolic roles of the Mijikenda kayas in the Coast Province of Kenya. The kayas, which exist today as sacred grove forests, are the original homesteads of the Mijikenda and the organizational units from which the symbolic authority and esoteric knowledge of the Mijikenda elders are derived. As a result, I conceptualize kayas as the physical space of the forests, but also complex networks of political, metaphysical, and symbolic power. While the kaya forests and their associated institutions have often been framed as cultural relics, I use this lens to illustrate how the position of the kayas in Mijikenda life has influenced broader social and political developments. Three main themes are developed: the first theme addresses how the kayas were used in different capacities to create space from the encroachment of colonial rule.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of West African Slave Resistance from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries
    History in the Making Volume 1 Article 7 2008 A Study of West African Slave Resistance from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries Adam D. Wilsey CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the African History Commons Recommended Citation Wilsey, Adam D. (2008) "A Study of West African Slave Resistance from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries," History in the Making: Vol. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol1/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Arthur E. Nelson University Archives at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 78 CSUSB Journal of History A Study of West African Slave Resistance from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries Adam D. Wiltsey Linschoten, South and West Africa, Copper engraving (Amsterdam, 1596.) Accompanying the dawn of the twenty‐first century, there has emerged a new era of historical thinking that has created the need to reexamine the history of slavery and slave resistance. Slavery has become a controversial topic that historians and scholars throughout the world are reevaluating. In this modern period, which is finally beginning to honor the ideas and ideals of equality, slavery is the black mark of our past; and the task now lies History in the Making 79 before the world to derive a better understanding of slavery. In order to better understand slavery, it is crucial to have a more acute awareness of those that endured it.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Mau Mau' and Colonialism in Kenya
    University of Wisconsin Department of History Fall2001-02 History 861 Thomas Spear 3:30-5:30 Thursday 3211/5101 Humanities 5245 Humanities 263-1807/1784 office hours: Tues 3:30-4:30 tspear@facstaff. wisc.edu 'Mau Mau' and Colonialism in Kenya The seminar will explore the nature of colonialism in Kenya as revealed in the outbreak of the 'Mau Mau' movement. There are two aspects to the problem: one historiographical and the other historical. 'Mau Mau' has generated a huge literature, and it remains a contentious issue in both historical and popular thought. In spite of abundant controversy, however, much of the history remains obscure. We will thus start by surveying and analyzing the literature before engaging in individual research on select historical topics. Requirements: Students will be expected to write two major papers during the course of the seminar: the first a critical review of the literature on one of the topics listed for weeks 2-9, and the second a research paper on a select aspect of the overall topic. In each case, students should distribute copies oftheir paper to the other seminar participants (with two copies to me) by Tuesday noon preceding the relevant class. Research papers will first be presented in class and then revised for final submission at the end of the semester. Students will also be expected to write and present a critique of one of their colleagues' research papers during weeks 12-14. Readings: All required reading is available on reserve at H. C. White. The following are also available at the University Bookstore if you wish to buy them: Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Matigari W.
    [Show full text]
  • Eunuchs and Slaves in the Court of the Norman Kings of Sicily
    Eunuchs and slaves in the court of the Norman kings of Sicily Jeremy Johns Bibliography (a) General: Primary Sources Ak̲ h̲ bār al-Ṣīn wa-l-Hind = Jean Sauvaget (ed. & trans.), ’Aḫbār aṣ-Ṣīn wa l-Hind: relation de la Chine et de l'Inde rédigée en 851, Paris: Belles Lettres, 1948. [Chinese eunuchs are indigenous; in Islam, all are foreigners: p. 37] Ottaviano Bon, A description of the Grand Signor’s seraglio, or Turkish emperour’s court, London, Martin & Ridley, 1650. Online via OLIS (republished as The Sultan’s seraglio: an intimate portrait of life at the Ottoman court, ed. Godfrey Goodwin, London: Saqi, 1996). John Lewis Burckhardt, Travels in Nubia, London: John Murray, 1819. Online via OLIS. [Castration of black slaves by Coptic monks at Zāwiyat al-Dayr, Asyūt, Upper Egypt, April–May 1813: pp. 328–331.] Jean Chardin, Voyages du chevalier Chardin, en perse, et autres lieux de l'orient, enrichis d’un grand nombre de belles figures en taille-douce, representant les antiquités et les choses remarquables du pays. Nouvelle édition, Paris: Le Normant, 1811. [Eunuchs in 17th-century Persia:, vol. 6, pp. 40–45] Antoine-Barthelemy Clot-Bey, Aperçu general sur l’Égypte, 2 vols, Paris: Fortin, Masson, 1840. [Eunuchs in mid 19th-century Egypt: vol. 1, pp. 336–340.] Ibn Ḥawqal, Ṣūrat al-arḍ, Bibliotheca geographorum arabicorum 2, 2nd edn. J.H. Kramers, Leiden, 1938–39; French trans. J.H. Kramers and Gaston Wiet, 2 vols, Beirut, 1964. [All eunuchs come from Spain: vol. 1, p. 110 / trans. 1, 110] Ibn Khurradādhbih, Kitāb al-masālik wa-l-mamālik, Bibliotheca geographorum Arabicorum 6, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Nairobi, Capital of Kenya
    ....IJ­ .. Kenya Information Dept. Nairobi, Showing the Legislative Council Building TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Chapter I. Pre-colonial Background • • • • • • • • • • 4 II. The Nairobi Area. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 III. Nairobi from 1896-1919 •• • • • • • • • • • 50 IV. Interwar Nairobi: 1920-1939. • • • • • • • 74 V. War Time and Postwar Nairobi: 1940-1963 •• 110 VI. Independent Nairobi: 1964-1966 • • • • • • 144 Appendix • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 168 Bibliographical Note • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 179 Bibliography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 182 iii PREFACE Urbanization is the touchstone of civilization, the dividing mark between raw independence and refined inter­ dependence. In an urbanized world, countries are apt to be judged according to their degree of urbanization. A glance at the map shows that the under-developed countries are also, by and large, rural. Cities have long existed in Africa, of course. From the ancient trade and cultural centers of Carthage and Alexandria to the mediaeval sultanates of East Africa, urban life has long existed in some degree or another. Yet none of these cities changed significantly the rural character of the African hinterland. Today the city needs to be more than the occasional market place, the seat of political authority, and a haven for the literati. It remains these of course, but it is much more. It must be the industrial and economic wellspring of a large area, perhaps of a nation. The city has become the concomitant of industrialization and industrialization the concomitant 1 2 of the revolution of rising expectations. African cities today are largely the products of colonial enterprise but are equally the measure of their country's progress. The city is witness everywhere to the acute personal, familial, and social upheavals of society in the process of urbanization.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University History Faculty Publications History Department 2014 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan Sanders Bridgewater State University, [email protected] Virtual Commons Citation Sanders, Ethan (2014). Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors. In History Faculty Publications. Paper 42. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/history_fac/42 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. African Review Vol. 41, No. 1, 2014: 35-70 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan R. Sanders* Abstract To what extent was international pressure placed on Nyerere and Karume to unify their two states in April 1964? The argument made is that even though Americans were initially very pleased with the outcome of the Union—because they thought it would help stem the spread of communism in the region—this was not a Western-initiated plan forced upon East African leaders. Indeed, the evidence shows that Americans were largely in the dark and in fact very frustrated by their lack of influence on the situation. Instead, the Union merely served as a confluence of African and American interests. The internal factors are inspected by highlighting African concerns over outside interference, worries about domestic stability, and a desire by Karume to consolidate his power.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Tongoi Tabitha Political Science Thesis Final.Pdf
    WILLIAMS COLLEGE LIBRARIES COPYRIGHT ASSIGNMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR A STIJDENT THESIS Your unpublished thesis, submitted for a degree at Williams College and administered by the Williams College Libraries, will be made available for research use. You may, through this form, provide instructions regarding copyright, access, dissemination and reproduction of your thesis. The College has the right in all cases to maintain and preserve theses both in hardcopy and electronic format, and to make such copies as the Libraries require for their research and archival functions. _The faculty advisor/s to the student writing the thesis claims joint authorship in this work. _ I/we have included in this thesis copyrighted material for which Ilwe have not received permission from the copyright holder/s. If you do not secure copyright permissions by the time your thesis is submitted, you will still be allowed to submit. However, if the necessary copyright permissions are not received, e-posting of your thesis may be affected. Copyrighted material may include images (tables, drawings, photographs, figures, maps, graphs, etc.), sound files, video material, data sets, and large portions of text. I. COPYRIGHT An author by law owns the copyright to his/her work, whether or not a copyright symbol and date are placed on the piece. Please choose one of the options below with respect to the copyright in your thesis. _ Ilwe choose not to retain the copyright to the thesis, and hereby assign the copyright to Williams College. Selecting this option will assign copyright to the College. If the author/swishes later to publish the work, he/she/they will need to obtain permission to do so from the Libraries, which will be granted except in unusual circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • JGI V. 14, N. 2
    Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective Volume 14 Number 2 Multicultural Morocco Article 1 11-15-2019 Full Issue - JGI v. 14, n. 2 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation (2019) "Full Issue - JGI v. 14, n. 2," Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective: Vol. 14 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi/vol14/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Multicultural Morocco JOURNAL of GLOBAL INITIATIVES POLICY, PEDAGOGY, PERSPECTIVE 2019 VOLUME 14 NUMBER 2 Journal of global Initiatives Vol. 14, No. 2, 2019, pp.1-28. The Year of Morocco: An Introduction Dan Paracka Marking the 35th anniversary of Kennesaw State University’s award-winning Annual Country Study Program, the 2018-19 academic year focused on Morocco and consisted of 22 distinct educational events, with over 1,700 people in attendance. It also featured an interdisciplinary team-taught Year of Morocco (YoM) course that included a study abroad experience to Morocco (March 28-April 7, 2019), an academic conference on “Gender, Identity, and Youth Empowerment in Morocco” (March 15-16, 2019), and this dedicated special issue of the Journal of Global Initiatives. Most events were organized through six different College Spotlights titled: The Taste of Morocco; Experiencing Moroccan Visual Arts; Multiple Literacies in Morocco; Conflict Management, Peacebuilding, and Development Challenges in Morocco, Moroccan Cultural Festival; and Moroccan Solar Tree.
    [Show full text]
  • Reporter Magazine Was Our Vision Is a World Free from Slavery Seem Small Because of How Much There Established in 1825 and Has Is Left to Do
    reporter Summer 2018 Established in 1825 Children: futures of freedom We provide children with a strong voice, skills and confidence to protect themselves from slavery now and in the future. Also in this issue: Ending forced child begging across West Africa Campaign to protect UK survivors of slavery gathers momentum reporter reporter summer 2018 summer 2018 2 comment 3 Tackling root causes for long term change I am delighted to introduce this issue of the Reporter for the first time as the new Chief Executive of Anti-Slavery International. Jasmine O’Connor Anti-Slavery’s work addresses not only immediate Chief Executive situations of exploitation, but tackles the roots causes. This is one of the reasons I am so excited about taking up this role. Nowhere is this approach more acute than in our work with children. We want children to have a strong voice, skills and confidence to be better equipped to protect themselves from exploitation now and in the future. You can read about how we work to achieve this in our features on pages 8 to 14. Young girls are commonly exploited in clothing Eradicating slavery is far from factories in India. simple. Sometimes the challenging Photo: Dev Gogoi circumstances in which we operate can We want children to have make even the most hard-fought wins a strong voice, skills and The Reporter magazine was Our vision is a world free from slavery seem small because of how much there established in 1825 and has is left to do. But every piece of progress confidence to be better been continuously published Anti-Slavery International works to eliminate we make, for example in protecting equipped to protect since 1840.
    [Show full text]
  • Clotel; Or, the President's Daughter
    Clotel; or, The President's Daughter William Wells Brown Project Gutenberg Etext of Clotel; or, The President's Daughter by William Wells Brown (1853 edition) See Apr 1995 Clotelle; or The Colored Heroine by Wm Wells Brown [clotlxxx.xxx] 241 Based on a separate source edition. Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! Please take a look at the important information in this header. We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and further information is included below. We need your donations. Clotel; or, The President's Daughter by William Wells Brown January, 2000 [Etext #2046] ******The Project Gutenberg Etext of Clotel, by W.W. Brown****** *****This file should be named clotl10a.txt or clol110a.zip***** Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, clotl11a.txt VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, clotl10b.txt Project Gutenberg Etexts are usually created from multiple editions, all of which are in the Public Domain in the United States, unless a copyright notice is included. Therefore, we usually do NOT keep any of these books in compliance with any particular paper edition. We are now trying to release all our books one month in advance of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing.
    [Show full text]