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A New Species of Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 from the Lateritic Plateaus of the Goa Parts of the Western Ghats

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A New Species of Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 from the Lateritic Plateaus of the Goa Parts of the Western Ghats Rec. zool. Surv. India: Vol. 117(4)/ 301-314, 2017 ISSN (Online) : (Applied for) DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v117/i4/2017/121293 ISSN (Print) : 0375-1511 A new species of Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 from the lateritic plateaus of the Goa parts of the Western Ghats K. P. Dinesh1,3*, Nirmal U. Kulkarni2, Priyanka Swamy3 and P. Deepak4 1Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Western Regional Centre (WRC), Pune – 411044, Maharashtra, India; [email protected] 2Mhadei Research Centre, C/o Hiru Naik Building, Dhuler Mapusa – 403507, Goa, India 3Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012, Karnataka, India 4Mount Carmel College, Autonomous; No. 58, Palace Road, Vasanth Nagar, Bengaluru – 560052, Karnataka, India Abstract Fejervarya Based on a combination of field explorations, morphological characters and molecular studies, a large sized Fejervarya nilagiricaspecies new to science is described using an integrated taxonomic approach. Here, the newFejervarya species is diagnosed on the basis of distinctness in morphology, genetic distance and geography. The new species is assignable to the morphological group. In addition, taxonomic problems among the congeners of in the Western Ghats are discussed. Finally, we describe the pattern of species representations of different morphological group in the Goa landscape. Keywords: Fejervarya , Goa, Goemchi, Lateritic, New Species, Plateau, Taxonomy, Western Ghats Introduction Fejervarya modesta, Fejervarya murthii, Fejervarya mysorensis, Fejervarya parambikulamana and Fejervarya The anuran family Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871 is sauriceps where most of these species are known from represented by 201 species globally (Frost, 2017) and original descriptions or from type localities only. Of the in India by 67 species within 11 genera (Dinesh et al., rest which have clear taxon identity, Fejervarya caperata, 2017). In the Western Ghats, this family is represented Fejervarya cepfi, Fejervarya granosa, Fejervarya kadar, by 31 species belonging to 4 genera Euphlyctis Fitzinger, Fejervarya kudremukhensis, Fejervarya manoharani, 1843 (4 species); Hoplobatrachus Peters, 1863 (2 species); Fejervarya mudduraja and Fejervarya neilcoxi lack Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (20 species) and Sphaerotheca comprehensive distribution range data. The species Günther, 1859 (5 species) (Dinesh et al., 2017). Generic Fejervarya gomantaki, Fejervarya keralensis, Fejervarya level ambiguity within this family for the genus Fejervarya nilagirica, Fejervarya rufescens, Fejervarya sahyadris and / Minervarya / Zakerana has been addressed by Dinesh et Fejervarya syhadrensis have a broad distribution range al., 2015 showing overlapping distribution range among (Dinesh et al., 2015; Garg and Biju, 2017; Frost, 2017). the members of these ‘clades’ and the absence of distinct Overall, the taxonomy of this genus in the Western morphological characters to recognize the above said Ghats is not fully resolved, species distribution range three genera. data are scanty and morphological character crypticity Garg and Biju (2017), while describing four new species results in underestimation of species richness. Systematic of Fejervarya from the Western Ghats have recognized four comprehensive field sampling combined with genetic morphological groups (see discussion below). However, studies could uncover the species richness of this genus there still remain many taxonomic ambiguities regarding in the Western Ghats resolving the problems associated the identities of the taxon Fejervarya brevipalmata, with the taxonomy and distribution. * Author for correspondence Article Received on: 31.12.2017 Accepted on: 09.02.2018 A new species of Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 from the lateritic plateaus of the Goa parts of the Western Ghats During our explorations in the Western Ghats, we For lineage diagnosis we used multiple criteria including encountered several individuals which are assignable to phylogeny, genetic distance, geographical isolation and the genus Fejervarya based on the diagnosable generic morphological separation following Vijayakumar et al., morphological characters assigned by Bolkay, 1915 for (2014). the genus (Dinesh et al., 2015). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed our generic allocation and comparisons Abbreviations with available extant taxa reveals that it shares a sister AG- Axilla to Groin distance; EL- Eye Length, i.e. the relationship with F. kudremukhensis. It is diagnosable, horizontal distance between the bony orbital borders of along multiple axes, as a new species, which we describe the eye; FL1- First Finger Length (tip of finger to proximal here as Fejervarya goemchi sp. nov. palmar tubercle); FL2- Second Finger Length (tip of finger Material and Methods to proximal palmar tubercle); FLL- Forelimb Length, measured from the elbow to the base of the outer palmar As a part of our anuran explorations in the Western tubercle; FOL- Foot Length, measured from the base of the Ghats, field sampling was carried out in the foothills and inner metatarsal tubercle to the tip of the fourth toe; FTL- hill ranges of the Western Ghats of Goa and adjoining Fourth Toe Length, measured from base of proximal sub states of Karnataka and Maharashtra since the year articular tubercle to toe tip; HAL- Hand Length, measured 2010 to 2016. Adult male individuals were collected and from the base of the outer palmar tubercle to the tip of the photographed in controlled conditions, following which third finger; HL- Head Length, from the rear of the mandible they were euthanized in MS222. to the tip of the snout; HW- Head Width, at the angle of the Genetic analysis including DNA extraction, PCR jaws; IBE- distance between posterior corner of eyes; IFE- amplification and sequencing followed as methods distance between anterior corner of eyes; IMT- length of described in Dinesh et al., 2015. Mitochondrial 16S Inner Metatarsal Tubercle; IN- Internarial Distance; ITL- rRNA was used for the genetic studies, for phylogenetic Inner Toe Length; IUE- Inter Upper Eyelid Width, i.e., the reconstruction we used the sequences from Dinesh et al., shortest distance between the upper eyelids; MBE- distance 2015, Dahanukar et al., 2017 and Garg and Biju, 2017 with from the rear of the mandible to the posterior most orbital our sequences for the undescribed species of Fejervarya border; MFE- distance from the rear of the mandible to the (See Appendix I). Occidozyga species were used as anterior most orbital border; MN- distance from the rear out groups with the species of fejervaryan frogs from of the mandible to the centre of the nostril; NE- Nostril to South and South east Asia (Dinesh et al., 2015). RaxML Eye distance; NS- Nostril to Snout tip distance; ShL/FL- (Silvestro and Michalak, 2012) was used to generate a Thigh Length; SL- Snout Length, measured from the tip of Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree with data partitioned by the snout to the anterior most orbital border; SVL- Snout gene under GTR+GAMMA+I model by running 1000 to Vent Length; Tal- Tarsus Length; TE- Tympanum to thorough bootstraps. posterior corner of Eye distance; TFL- Third Finger Length For morphological measurements, SVL was measured (tip of finger to proximal palmar tubercle); TiL- Tibia using Mitutoyo vernier caliper (to the nearest 0.1 mm). Length; TYD- tympanum diameter; UEW- maximum Natural history and habitat details were collected from Upper Eyelid Width; WBS- body Width Behind Shoulders; multiple field visits. WFG- body Width in Front of Groin. CESF- Centre for For multivariate Principal Components Analysis Ecological Sciences, Frogs; ZSI/WRC/A- Zoological Survey (PCA), a total of 14 morphometric characters (marked of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune. with an asterisk in Table 1) were transformed to their ratio to SVL and taken into consideration for the new species; Results measurements for F. gomantaki were taken from Dinesh et al., 2015; F. cepfi from Garg and Biju, 2017; F. syhadrensis Generic allocation and F. kudremukhensis from our field collections. PAST The new species is assignable to the genus Fejervarya version 3.16c was used for PCA analysis (Hammer et al., Bolkay, 1915 based on the morphological characters 2001). and phylogenetic position within the ‘Fejervarya clade’ (Dinesh et al., 2015). 302 Vol 117(4) | 2017 | www.recordsofzsi.com Zoological Survey of India K. P. Dinesh, Nirmal U. Kulkarni, Priyanka Swamy and P. Deepak Table 1. Morphometric data (in mm) for the type series of Fejervarya goemchi sp. nov. Prefix ZSI/WRC/A for holotype and paratypes and CESF for other referred specimens Reg. No ZSI/WRC/ ZSI/WRC/ ZSI/WRC/ 2887& 2889& 2891& 2886& Average ± SD (Range) A/2015 (CESF A/2016 (CESF A/2017 (CESF 2888)# 2890)$ 2847)$ Holotype Paratype Paratype Sex Male Male Male Male Male Male Male SVL 46.8 45.7 41.4 45.3 43.8 42.5 42.0 43.9 ± 2.06 (41.4 - 46.8) HW* 16.0 15.2 13.3 15.1 14.5 14.1 13.9 14.6 ± 0.91 (13.3 - 16.0) HL* 15.5 14.9 13.0 14.5 14.2 13.8 13.2 14.2 ± 0.90 (13.0 - 15.5) IN* 5.6 5.1 4.0 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.7 ± 0.58 (4.0 - 5.6) NE* 4.0 3.8 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.5 ± 0.30 (3.2 - 4.0) MN 11.9 11.1 10.2 11.0 10.8 10.6 10.5 10.9 ± 0.55 (10.2 - 11.9) MFE 9.9 9.1 7.5 8.9 8.4 7.9 7.6 8.5 ± 0.88 (7.5 - 9.9 ) MBE 5.9 5.2 4.4 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.0 ± 0.48 (4.4 - 5.9) SL* 7.1 7.1 6.8 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 ± 0.17 (6.7 - 7.1) EL* 6.2 6.0 5.2 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.7 ± 0.38 (5.2 - 6.2) IUE* 3.9 3.6 2.4 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.1 ± 0.50 (2.4 - 3.9) UEW 4.2 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.5 ± 0.42 (3.0 - 4.2) IFE 7.5 7.3 6.1 7.1 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.8 ± 0.49 (6.1 - 7.5) IBE 11.6 10.9 9.2
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