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Central African Republic Traveller: Client TRAVELCopyright © Open THREAT Briefing, 2017 ASSESSMENT COUNTRY: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC TRAVELLER: CLIENT: PREPARED BY: CHRIS ABBOTT REVIEWED BY: PAUL OWENS DATE COMPLETED: 10 OCTOBER 2017 Disclaimer: In compiling this assessment, Open Briefing has relied on the veracity of public information available at the time of publication. Open Briefing accepts no legal, equitable or other Copyright © Open Briefing, 2017 liability whatsoever for any actual or consequent loss incurred by the client in relation to this assessment or for the accuracy of any statement herein. Some of the information in this document is by necessity generic in nature, and the client must update it to reflect the situation on the ground as soon as possible. Contains information from the Foreign & Commonwealth Office licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Contains public domain information from the US Department of State. CONTENTS Traveller profile 1 Threat assessment 3 Priority threats in the Central African Republic 5 International relations 10 Political violence 12 Civil unrest 16 Kidnap 18 Crime Copyright © Open Briefing, 2017 19 Environment 21 Infrastructure 22 Medical 24 Fraud and corruption 26 Local laws and customs 28 About Open Briefing 29 Appendixes: 1. Map of travel advice for Central African Republic 30 (Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 2. Map of violence and displacements in CAR 31 (European Commission) 3. Map of UN, NGO and Red Cross locations in CAR 32 (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) 4. Humanitarian situation in CAR infographic 33 (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) TRAVELLER PROFILE Name Employer Job title Researcher/analyst, Age 35 Blood group Not provided Nationality Dutch Ethnicity White Gender Copyright © OpenFemale Briefing, 2017 Sexual orientation Heterosexual Medical history None declared Insurance company Services provided by Dates of travel Country Central African Republic (CAR) Entry requirements Business visa Six month’s passport validity One blank page on passport Return air ticket Yellow fever certificate Location(s) Purpose of trip History in country Traveller has not visited CAR before, but is familiar with francophone Africa, fragile states and the presence of armed groups. conducted assessments in CAR in and , and published a report in . This trip will be the second time that staff have travelled to the country for research on TRAVEL THREAT ASSESSMENT: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 1 Local partners/contacts Local emergency number 610 600 There has reportedly been some success working with the French embassy medical officer. Call 7221 3530 Consular assistance Dutch embassy in Sudan: Copyright © OpenStreet Briefing, 47, no. 2017 76, Khartoum 2, Khartoum [email protected], +249 183 480 315, +249 912 130 041 French embassy in Central African Republic: Avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, Bangui [email protected] +236 21 61 30 00 EU delegation in Central African Republic: Avenue Barthélémy Boganda, BP 1298, Bangui [email protected] + 236 75 20 29 24 TRAVEL THREAT ASSESSMENT: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 2 THREAT ASSESSMENT HIGH Copyright © Open Briefing, 2017 Figure 1. Dutch foreign ministry travel advice for the Central African Republic. The Central African Republic is a high-threat operating environment (see table 1). Both the Dutch foreign ministry and the US state department have travel warnings in place for CAR, and advise against all travel to the country. The Netherlands does not have consular representation in the country, which is covered by its embassy in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. As an ‘unrepresented EU citizen’, the traveller will have to rely on the French embassy – the only EU embassy in Bangui – for emergency assistance in CAR. should also confirm with the EU delegation in Bangui or the European External Action Service headquarters in Brussels what assistance – if any – they might provide in an emergency. Although working for a US organisation, the traveller will not be able to rely on the US embassy for assistance, as she is not a US citizen. In any case, consular services for US citizens in CAR are provided by the US embassy in Yaounde, Cameroon. Furthermore, the US state department advises all US citizens who are in CAR to leave the country, and those who remain to have safety and evacuation plans that do not rely on assistance from the US government. If she has not done so already, the traveller should complete a hostile environment awareness training (HEAT) course – that includes first aid training – prior to travel to the Central African Republic. TRAVEL THREAT ASSESSMENT: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 3 Unlike most Westerners in CAR, the traveller will not have the in-country support and emergency assistance that those working for a multilateral organisation, international humanitarian aid agency or multinational corporation will have. In addition, , the service provider for ’s current travel insurance, is under no obligation under their terms of service to provide assistance in Central African Republic, as there is a US state department travel warning in place for the country (though they have rescued clients from CAR in the past). should contact to confirm what insurance arrangements are in place for CAR. will need to conduct a security risk assessment based on the 17 priority security, safety and health threats to the traveller that Open Briefing has identified in the Central African Republic. These threats are highlighted in the box over the page. These threats, combined with the lack of consular assistance and other in-country support in CAR, make it essential that develops a robust security plan for the Central African Republic Copyright © Open Briefing, 2017 if the trip goes ahead. This should include standard operating procedures (SOPs) and contingency plans. At a minimum, the SOPs should cover a PACE (Primary, Alternative, Contingency, Emergency) communications plan, a check-in schedule with procedures for escalating missed check-ins, and field travel procedures (convoys and checkpoints/roadblocks). The contingency plans should include, at a minimum, hibernation, relocation and evacuation plans, including medevac. Table 1. Summary of threat ratings for the Central African Republic. Threat area Score Threat rating International relations 8 High Political violence 9 Critical Civil unrest 9 Critical Kidnap 8 High Crime 9 Critical Environment 6 Medium Infrastructure 9 Critical Medical 8 High Fraud and corruption 8 High Overview 8.2 High TRAVEL THREAT ASSESSMENT: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 4 Priority threats in the Central African Republic 1. Traveller is involved in a serious road traffic accident while travelling between locations in CAR. 2. Traveller is kidnapped by armed bandits at an unofficial roadblock while travelling in rural areas between locations in CAR. 3. Traveller is robbed by Zaraguinas (armed bandits) at an unofficial roadblock while travelling between locations in CAR. 4. Central African security personnel rob or attempt to extort a bribe from the traveller at an improvised checkpoint. 5. Central African security personnel intimidate traveller in an attempt to stop her work in CAR. Copyright © Open Briefing, 2017 6. Armed militia attack the traveller in an attempt to stop her work in CAR. 7. Traveller is caught up in violence between ex-Séléka and anti-balaka fighters. 8. Traveller is caught up in indiscriminate mob violence in Bangui or other major town. 9. Traveller is assaulted during anti-Western demonstration outside US or French embassy or UN headquarters in Bangui. 10. Traveller is targeted by armed civilian groups while travelling to or from the international airport in Bangui. 11. Lack of GSM cell phone coverage outside Bangui makes it difficult to call up emergency assistance. 12. Extremely limited healthcare facilities in CAR leads to inadequate emergency treatment. 13. Traveller contracts Zika virus from mosquito bite while pregnant or planning pregnancy. 14. Traveller contracts malaria from mosquito bite. 15. Traveller contracts hepatitis A, cholera or typhoid by consuming contaminated food or water. 16. Traveller contracts meningococcal meningitis while in Batangafo. 17. Traveller’s travel insurance is invalidated under the terms of service due to there being a US state department travel warning in place for the Central African Republic. TRAVEL THREAT ASSESSMENT: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 5 The Central African Republic has endured decades of political instability resulting in numerous insurgent movements, high levels of crime, protracted civil unrest and an extremely underdeveloped infrastructure. The government has failed to tackle numerous insurgencies in the country, and sectarian violence is widespread. Over recent years, the responsibility for enforcing order has lay with various foreign forces from the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), the African Union, France, the European Union and the United Nations, which have failed to effectively disarm the rebel groups. Successive governments in CAR have failed to assert their authority over the country and have been vulnerable to repeated coups and rebellions. The government of Faustin-Archange Touadéra, in power since March 2016, is not supported by functioning institutions or an effective military, and a stable polity will remain elusive without sustained international assistance. This problemCopyright is exacerbated © Open by widespread Briefing, violence2017 between former Séléka coalition fighters
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