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PGRN-M-F-PGES.Pdf RÉPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE Public Disclosure Authorized Unité-Dignité-Travail Public Disclosure Authorized Projet de Gouvernance des Ressources Naturelles (PGRN) pour les secteurs forestiers et miniers de la République Centrafricaine Public Disclosure Authorized Cadre de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale (CGES) RAPPORT FINAL Public Disclosure Authorized Décembre 2018 CGES du PGRN des secteurs forestiers et miniers de la République Centrafricaine Sommaire TABLE DES MATIERES ACRONYMES .......................................................................................................................... 11 RESUME EXECUTIF ............................................................................................................... 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 39 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 53 1.1. CONTEXTE ................................................................................................................ 53 1.1.1. Contexte Politique ................................................................................................ 53 1.1.2. Contexte Social .................................................................................................... 53 1.1.3. Contexte économique .......................................................................................... 53 1.2. CONTEXTE DE LA REALISATION DU CGES ........................................................... 54 1.3. OBJECTIF DU CGES ................................................................................................. 54 1.4. METHODOLOGIE ...................................................................................................... 55 1.5. LA STRUCTURATION DU RAPPORT DU CGES....................................................... 56 DESCRIPTION DU PROJET PGRN .................................................................................... 59 2.1. OBJECTIF ET JUSTIFICATION DU PROJET ............................................................ 59 2.2. LOCALISATION DU PROJET..................................................................................... 60 2.3. COMPOSANTES DU PROJET ................................................................................... 61 2.3.1. Activités dans le secteur forestier ......................................................................... 61 2.3.2. Activités dans le secteur minier ............................................................................ 64 2.3.3. Gestion de projet ................................................................................................. 67 2.4. DISPOSITIF RELATIF A LA MISE EN ŒUVRE DU PROJET ..................................... 67 2.4.1. Équipe de projet ................................................................................................... 67 2.4.2. Comité de pilotage ............................................................................................... 68 2.5. COUT DE LA MISE EN ŒUVRE ................................................................................ 68 SITUATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DANS LA ZONE D’ETUDE ................. 70 3.1. BREVE PRESENTATION DU PAYS .......................................................................... 70 3.2. L’ORGANISATION TERRITORIALE ET ADMINISTRATIVE ....................................... 71 3.2.1. Division administrative ......................................................................................... 71 3.2.2. Préfectures concernées par le PRGN .................................................................. 72 3 Rapport final CGES du PGRN des secteurs forestiers et miniers de la République Centrafricaine 3.3. ANALYSE DU MILIEU PHYSIQUE ............................................................................. 75 3.3.1. Le climat .............................................................................................................. 75 3.3.2. La géomorphologie .............................................................................................. 76 3.3.3. La géologie .......................................................................................................... 77 3.3.4. Les sols ............................................................................................................... 78 3.3.5. L’hydrographie ..................................................................................................... 79 3.4. ANALYSE DU MILIEU NATUREL ............................................................................... 79 3.4.1. La végétation ....................................................................................................... 79 3.4.2. La faune ............................................................................................................... 80 3.5. ANALYSE DU MILIEU HUMAIN ................................................................................. 80 3.5.1. Les données démographiques ............................................................................. 80 3.5.2. Les populations autochtones ............................................................................... 82 3.6. LES SECTEURS D’ACTIVITES ECONOMIQUES ...................................................... 82 3.6.1. Généralités .......................................................................................................... 82 3.6.2. Le secteur minier ................................................................................................. 83 3.6.3. Le secteur forestier .............................................................................................. 92 3.6.4. Économie rurale et pauvreté alimentaire .............................................................. 97 3.7. ENJEUX ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET SOCIAUX DE LA ZONE DU PROJET ............ 99 3.7.1. Enjeux liés à l’accès aux services publiques de base .......................................... 99 3.7.2. Les enjeux liés à la vulnérabilité ......................................................................... 102 3.7.3. Les enjeux liés à la scolarisation et au travail des enfants ................................. 104 3.7.4. Les enjeux liés à l’environnement et à la biodiversité ......................................... 104 3.7.5. Synthèse des enjeux .......................................................................................... 105 3.8. SYNTHESE BIOPHYSIQUE, ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIOECONOMIQUE DE LA ZONE DU PROJET ............................................................................................. 107 3.8.1. Situation de l’exploitation minière dans les zones d’études ................................ 107 3.8.2. Situation de l’exploitation forestière dans les zones d’études ............................. 108 3.8.3. Place des populations autochtones dans les zones du projet ............................ 112 CADRE JURIDIQUE ET INSTITUTIONNEL DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DU PROJET .......................................................................................................... 115 4.1. POLITIQUES ET PLANS NATIONAUX DE DEVELOPPEMENT EN LIEN AVEC LE PROJET ................................................................................................................... 115 4.1.1. Politiques et programmes environnementaux .................................................... 115 4.1.2. Politiques et programmes économiques et sociaux............................................ 117 4.1.3. Politiques sanitaires et d’hygiène ....................................................................... 117 4.1.4. Politiques forestières applicables au projet ........................................................ 118 4.1.5. Politiques minières applicables au projet ........................................................... 119 4.2. PROJETS DE DEVELOPPEMENT EN LIEN AVEC LE PROJET ............................. 121 4 Rapport final CGES du PGRN des secteurs forestiers et miniers de la République Centrafricaine 4.3. CADRE JURIDIQUE DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE .............. 123 4.3.1. Textes nationaux ............................................................................................... 123 4.3.2. Conventions régionales adoptées par la RCA .................................................... 140 4.3.3. Textes internationaux signés par la RCA dont la mise en œuvre du projet tiendra compte ............................................................................................................... 142 4.4. CADRE INSTITUTIONNEL DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DU PROJET ................................................................................................................... 144 4.4.1. Ministère des Eaux et Forêts, Chasse et Pêche ................................................. 144 4.4.2. Ministère de l’Environnement ............................................................................. 146 4.4.3. Ministère des Mines ........................................................................................... 147 4.4.4. Ministère en charge de l’Hydraulique ................................................................. 148 4.4.5. Ministère de la santé .......................................................................................... 149 4.4.6. Ministère de l’Agriculture et du Développement Rural (MADR) .......................... 150 4.4.7. Ministère de l’Urbanisme...................................................................................
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