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IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS September 2019 – August 2020 Issued in November 2019 CAR: 1.6 MILLION PEOPLE SEVERELY FOOD INSECURE

CURRENT SEPTEMBER 2019 - APRIL 2020 PROJECTED MAY - AUGUST 2020 (Lean season) Phase 5 0 Phase 5 0 People in Catastrophe People in Catastrophe 1.6M* Phase 4 375,000 2.1M Phase 4 675,000 35% of the population People in Emergency 47% of the population People in Emergency People facing severe Phase 3 1,240,000 Phase 3 1,450,000 People in Crisis People facing severe People in Crisis acute food insecurity acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3+) Phase 2 1,730,000 (IPC Phase 3+) Phase 2 1,595,000 People in Stress People in Stress IN NEED OF URGENT ACTION IN NEED OF URGENT * The estimate includes the mitigation Phase 1 1,255,000 Phase 1 880,000 effects of food assistance planned for People minimally ACTION People minimally the period. food insecure food insecure

Overview Current Situation September 2019 - April 2020 Taking into account the effects of planned food assistance In the period from September 2019 to April 2020, corresponding to the post-harvest period in most of the country’s agro-climatic Camp zones, it is estimated that despite planned food assistance, the Birao sub-prefectures of , Zémio, Bria, , , , Ouanda-djallé and are in Emergency (IPC Phase 4), while 47 Ndélé ± -Bangoran

Ouadda sub-prefectures are in Crisis (IPC Phase 3). 1.6 million people, Bamingui Kabo Nana-Gribizi Batangafo Haute-Kotto representing 35% of the population analysed (4.6 million), are Nana-bakassa Nangha Mbrès Kaga-bandoro Bria Djéma severely acutely food insecure, including 375,000 (nearly 10%) Ouham Pendé Bakala Dékoa Mala Ippy Haut- in Emergency situations. During the lean season, between Bossemtélé Baboua Kémo Rafai Nana-Mambéré Yaloké Obo Mbomou Zémio Bossembélé Ndjoukou May and August 2020, in the absence of food assistance, it Abba Ombella M'Poko Kouango Amada-gaza Damara Carnot Basse-Kotto Gambo is estimated that 2.1 million people, representing 47% of the Kembé Mambéré-Kadéï Boganda Satéma Ouango Berbérati Bimbo BodaLobaye population analysed, will be severely acutely food insecure, Dédé-mokouba Sosso-nakombo Mbaïki Nola Sangha-Mbaéré including more than 675,000 people in Emergency situations. 8 e 4 e

5 e

Bayanga 1 er 7 e In total, 1.6 million people in the current period and 2.1 million 3 e 2 e 6 e 0 100 200 400 people in the projected period are in urgent need of action Bangui Km to save their lives, protect their livelihoods and reduce their food deficits. Projected Situation May - August 2020 In the absence of food assistance

Key Drivers

Conflicts Displacement High prices The presence of The renewed activity Seasonal price armed groups and of armed groups in increases, particularly inter-community much of the country in the city of Bangui, conflicts persist, and the precarious and low household particularly in insecurity are purchasing power, border areas. leading to pendulum will reduce their movements of access to food populations. consumption. Key for the Map IPC Acute Food Insecurity Phase Classification

1 - Minimal Areas with inadequate evidence Area receives significant humanitarian food assistance 2 - Stress Areas not analysed (inaccessible) (accounted for in Phase classification) 3 - Crisis > 25% of households meet 25-50% IDPs/other settlements of caloric needs through assistance

4 - Emergency classification > 25% of households meet > 50% 5 - Famine of caloric needs through assistance CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 2

CURRENT IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY SITUATION SEPTEMBER 2019 - APRIL 2020

Key for the Map IPC Acute Food Insecurity Camp Birao Phase Classification Birao Vakaga Phase 1 - Minimal

Ouanda-djallé 2 - Stress Ndélé ± Bamingui-Bangoran 3 - Crisis

Ouadda Bamingui Kabo 4 - Emergency Markounda Nana-Gribizi Batangafo Haute-Kotto Ngaoundaye Yalinga 5 - Famine Paoua Nana-bakassa Nangha Boguila Koui Bocaranga Mbrès Ouham Kaga-bandoro Bria Djéma Areas with inadequate evidence Ouham Pendé Bakala Bozoum Bouca Dékoa Bossangoa Mala Ouaka Ippy Haut-Mbomou Areas not analysed (inaccessible) Bouar Sibut Baboua Bossemtélé Kémo Grimari Bambari Rafai Nana-Mambéré Yaloké Bakouma Baoro Bogangolo Obo Bambouti Mbomou Zémio Bossembélé Ndjoukou IDPs/other settlements Abba Mingala Ombella M'Poko Kouango Alindao Bangassou Gadzi classification Amada-gaza Damara Carnot Boali Basse-Kotto Boganangone Gambo Zangba Kembé Mobaye Gamboula Mambéré-Kadéï Boganda Satéma Area receives significant Bangui Ouango Berbérati Bimbo BodaLobaye humanitarian food assistance Dédé-mokouba Sosso-nakombo Bambio Mbaïki (accounted for in Phase classification) Nola Sangha-Mbaéré Mongoumba 8 e 4 e > 25% of households meet 5 e 25-50% of caloric needs 1 er 7 e 3 e through assistance 2 e 6 e 0 100 200 400 Bangui > 25% of households meet Km > 50% of caloric needs through assistance

Population table for the current period: September 2019 - April 2020

Préfecture Population Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 3 + total #people % #people % #people % #people % #people % #people % Bamingui- 59,632 15,364 26 26,377 44 14,908 25 2,981 5 0 0 17,889 30 Bangoran Bangui 876,341 438,170 50 306,719 35 131,451 15 0 0 0 0 131,451 15 Basse-Kotto 278,613 39,952 14 88,957 32 109,882 39 39,815 14 0 0 149,697 53 Haut-Mbomou 61,185 6,117 10 16,633 27 23,804 39 14,627 24 0 0 38,431 63 Haute-Kotto 88,319 13,247 15 26,495 30 30,911 35 17,663 20 0 0 48,574 55 Kémo 152,163 36,946 24 50,072 33 42,787 28 22,349 15 0 0 65,136 43 307,299 73,319 24 175,540 57 43,069 14 15,363 5 0 0 58,432 19 Mambéré-Kadéï 283,915 73,761 26 79,329 28 96,651 34 34,164 12 0 0 130,815 46 Mbomou 209,681 34,345 16 79,086 38 72,183 34 24,060 11 0 0 96,243 45 Nana-Gribizi 120,197 18,029 15 48,078 40 36,059 30 18,029 15 0 0 54,088 45 Nana-Mambéré 221,326 71,044 32 120,515 54 24,515 11 5,247 2 0 0 29,762 13 Ombella M'Poko 432,893 194,209 45 163,683 38 68,866 16 6,126 1 0 0 74,992 17 Ouaka 368,293 57,100 16 122,820 33 141,378 38 46,989 13 0 0 188,367 51 Ouham 451,781 55,360 12 144,715 32 188,922 42 62,773 14 0 0 251,695 56 Ouham-Pendé 491,570 86,957 17 225,549 46 140,779 29 38,275 8 0 0 179,054 37 Sangha-Mbaéré 126,765 31,691 25 34,610 27 43,607 34 16,853 13 0 0 60,460 47 Vakaga 66,041 5,406 8 20,416 31 32,114 49 8,104 12 0 0 40,218 61 Total 4,596,014 1,251,017 27 1,729,594 38 1,241,886 27 373,418 8 0 0 1,615,304 35

Note: the population in Phase 3 and above does not necessarily reflect the entire population in need of urgent action. Indeed, some households may be in Phase 2 or even Phase 1 only because of the assistance received and may therefore require ongoing action. This IPC analysis used the most recent information provided by OCHA-ICASEES (2020 projections based on the 2003 census) as the reference population for the areas studied. Since the figures for internally displaced persons take into account any displacement, including within the same prefecture or sub-prefecture, as well as within the same city (between neighbourhoods and sites), decision-makers should interpret the figures in a dynamic way. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 3

PROJECTED IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY SITUATION May - August 2020

Key for the Map IPC Acute Food Insecurity Phase Classification Phase 1 - Minimal 2 - Stress 3 - Crisis 4 - Emergency 5 - Famine

Areas with inadequate evidence

Areas not analysed (inaccessible)

IDPs/other settlements classification

Area receives significant humanitarian food assistance (accounted for in Phase classification)

> 25% of households meet 25-50% of caloric needs through assistance

> 25% of households meet > 50% of caloric needs through assistance

Population table for the projected period: May - August 2020

Préfecture Population Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 3 + total #people % #people % #people % #people % #people % #people % Bamingui- 59,632 6,876 12 28,902 48 17,889 30 5,963 10 0 0 23,852 40 Bangoran Bangui 876,341 306,719 35 350,536 40 175,268 20 43,817 5 0 0 219,085 25 Basse-Kotto 278,613 37,977 13 65,480 24 119,428 43 55,721 20 0 0 175,149 63 Haut-Mbomou 61,185 6,117 10 9,177 15 26,194 43 19,692 32 0 0 45,886 75 Haute-Kotto 88,319 8,831 10 13,247 15 30,911 35 35,327 40 0 0 66,238 75 Kémo 152,163 27,037 18 52,380 34 48,568 32 24,171 16 0 0 72,739 48 Lobaye 307,299 53,051 17 157,136 51 68,069 22 29,035 9 0 0 97,104 31 Mambéré-Kadéï 283,915 39,192 13 87,849 31 109,995 39 46,868 17 0 0 156,863 56 Mbomou 209,681 30,407 15 62,654 30 86,616 41 29,998 14 0 0 116,614 55 Nana-Gribizi 120,197 18,029 15 30,049 25 42,068 35 30,049 25 0 0 72,117 60 Nana-Mambéré 221,326 37,461 17 110,940 50 58,325 26 14,594 7 0 0 72,919 33 Ombella M'Poko 432,893 133,273 31 182,138 42 92,479 21 24,996 6 0 0 117,475 27 Ouaka 368,293 44,482 12 95,665 26 141,582 38 86,554 24 0 0 228,136 62 Ouham 451,781 58,340 13 129,390 29 173,624 38 90,414 20 0 0 264,038 58 Ouham-Pendé 491,570 49,154 10 169,417 34 179,369 36 93,619 19 0 0 272,988 55 Sangha-Mbaéré 126,765 17,612 14 36,011 28 49,946 39 23,191 18 0 0 73,137 57 Vakaga 66,041 5,104 8 12,010 18 29,718 45 19,208 29 0 0 48,926 74 Total 4,596,014 879,662 18 1,592,981 35 1,450,049 32 673,217 15 0 0 2,123,266 47

Note: the population in Phase 3 and above reflects the entire population in need of urgent action. Humanitarian Food Assistance was not included as a mitigating factor in the planned analysis because humanitarian programming was ongoing during the week of analysis. This IPC analysis used the most recent information provided by OCHA-ICASEES (2020 projections based on the 2003 census) as the reference population for the areas studied. Since the figures for internally displaced persons take into account any displacement, including within the same prefecture or sub-prefecture, as well as within the same city (between neighbourhoods and sites), decision-makers should interpret the figures in a dynamic way. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 4

KEY FACTORS AND MAIN RESULTS OF FOOD INSECURITY

Situation expected for the current period from September 2019 to April 2020 Food assistance One of the limiting factors influencing household food security is insecurity, which In areas such as Bria (Haute-Kotto), Kaga-Ban- continues to cause displacement and also to limit household access to their livelihoods. doro (Nana-Gribizi), Bambari (Ouaka), Ama- da-gaza (Mambéré-Kadéi), Paoua (Ouham Despite return movements in the stabilizing sub-prefectures, households returned to Pendé), Zémio and Obo (Haut-Mbomou), their areas of origin find themselves without the means to resume their usual activities, where the number of internally displaced per- particularly agriculture and livestock. They therefore meet their food needs mainly sons is very high, food assistance plays a ma- through fishing, hunting and gathering activities. jor role in the survival of the population. Birao (Vakaga) has recently been added to this list. The civilian population remains the main victim of tensions and violence In these localities, more than 25% of house- perpetrated by armed groups in the country. Despite the signing of the Khartoum holds receive food assistance in the form of peace agreement in February 2019, the security situation in Central African Republic food or food vouchers providing beneficiaries with at least 50% of their caloric needs. Even in remains very precarious and remains the major cause of food insecurity. A resurgence areas such as Bangassou, Alindao, Amada-ga- of activity by armed groups in much of the country has led to pendulum movements za, Baoro, Carnot and Grimari, where the dis- of populations, especially to the capitals of prefectures. The latest report of the placed population is smaller, food assistance Commission of Movements of Populations of 2019 indicates that the number of plays an important role in reducing food in- internally displaced persons in CAR in July 2019 was estimated at 581,362 persons, security. including 197,355 persons (34% of the total) on IDP sites and 348,007 persons (66% of The people targeted by this assistance are the total) in host families. mainly IDPS on sites (for all areas with a high concentration of displaced persons), IDPs liv- Acute food insecure populations are mainly found in areas where insecurity ing in host families, host populations as well continues to threaten, and in some places completely prevent, household access to as returnees, particularly in the sub-prefec- livelihoods. In particular in the sub-prefectures of Obo, Zémio and Birao, security risks tures of Nola, Bouar, Bria, Kaga-Bandoro and Bozoum. have led to (formal or de facto) bans on leaving the main city. This reduced population mobility has affected the agricultural season in the sowing period and will certainly It is very likely that breaded food assistance affect household crop levels in some areas. Despite the return movements recorded will be delivered at the same level for the en- tire period of the current analysis (October in some areas of the country, particularly in Bamingui Bangoran, Ouham Pendé, Basse 2019 - April 2020). Kotto and Ouaka, the presence of internally displaced persons (IDPs) is exerting very However, it is important to bear in mind the strong pressure on local resources. In Alindao, Mala, Mingala, Kaga-Bandoro, Bambari, challenges of various kinds, including security, Ippy, Batangafo and Kabo, the proportion of IDPs represents more than 20% of the logistics in some areas with a high concentra- resident population. In the sub-prefectures of Bria, Zémio and Rafai, this proportion tion of IDPs and the difficulties in financing ac- exceeds 80%. tivities (budgetary constraints) faced by WFP and the entire humanitarian community in Apart from security challenges and constraints, the late start of rains of more than three CAR, which constitute real bottlenecks for the weeks in the western prefectures of the country resulted in lower harvests than the delivery of food assistance. These constraints previous year in the first season, in July, and did not significantly mitigate the increase significantly affect the ability of food security in basic food prices observed during the lean season. However, this late start to the rains partners to reach approximately one million people in need of food assistance according was offset between June and September by above-average rainfall throughout the to the HRP. country, suggesting good harvests in the second season. In some places, excessive rainfall For the projected period (April - August 2020), has caused flooding with significant crop losses such as in Bouca, Bozoum and Birao as no food assistance was included in the anal- well as road degradation; illegal taxes create multiple barriers on market access roads. In ysis, due to the new humanitarian program- addition, low exploitation of agricultural potential, non-diversification of livelihoods, low ming being defined during this analysis. coverage and access to basic social services, and inadequate household income levels are the main structural factors underlying food insecurity. According to the Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) survey conducted by the REACH-Initiative in August 2019, the lean season in most of the country’s agro-climatic zones, agriculture, petty trade and fisheries are the main sources of income for resident households, while displaced persons (in or with host families) report dependence on unsustainable sources of income such as donations, credit or food assistance and casual agricultural work. By May 2019, according to WFP data, the cost of the food basket was already above XAF 40,000 in the sub-prefectures of Ndélé (Bamingui-Bangoran), Bossangoa (Ouham), Bozoum and Bossemptelé (Ouham Pendé), Carnot and Berberati (Mambéré-Kadéi), Nola and Bajanga (Sangha Mbaéré). In these same localities, there was an increase of more than 10% in the cost price of the basket compared to March. Considering that, according to the 2019 MSNA survey, the majority of households (52%) estimate that they have a monthly income of less than XAF 50,000 - a percentage that rises to more than 77% for IDP households in sites and locations - it is clear that households with incomes below XAF 50,000 have very limited means to access food. Indeed, food expenditures represent on average 62% of total expenditures. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 5

Of the 56 sub-prefectures included in the MSNA, 16 had poor food consumption in August 2019 (more than 20% of the population with poor food consumption) and 33 sub-prefectures had limited food consumption. Internally displaced households in sites have a more alarming food consumption compared to the rest of the population, since 50% of the displaced have a Poor or Limited diet compared to 34% for the rest of the population. In addition, in 32 sub-prefectures, at least 20% of the population employed Emergency coping strategies affecting their ability to obtain food or money to buy food, as well as their future productivity, with 68% of the population having used at least one coping strategy in the 30 days preceding the collection of MSNA data. In addition, in 24 sub-prefectures, at least 20% of households have implemented Crisis strategies. Over the period from September 2019 to April 2020, corresponding to the post-harvest period in most of the country’s agro-climatic zones, food deficits are expected to be reduced only in areas where agricultural, livestock and commercial activities have been able to resume following a lull in the security situation. Thus, in most of the sub-prefectures of Kémo, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouham Pendé and for some of the sub-prefectures of Mambéré - Kadéi, more than 80% of the households surveyed by the MSNA survey reported having practiced agriculture in an optimal way. Coupled with good rainfall for the second season (especially in September), this will lead to an increase in household stocks that may lead to a reduction in food deficits for households that have been able to resume agricultural activities and have access to a storage place or have the means to transport their stocks to local markets. However, in the west of the country, which remains the breadbasket of CAR, the delay in installing the rains of the first season will lead to more mixed results impacting the rest of the country, which will not be able to make up this production deficit. In areas where security has limited access to fields during the planting period or limits access to fields during the harvest period, the only possible factors for reducing food insecurity will be improved road access, which will facilitate market supply and the delivery of food assistance. The food security situation will continue to be of particular concern in Obo, Zémio and Birao, where security conditions do not allow displaced persons or residents to leave the main city and thus practice agriculture or engage in fishing, hunting and gathering activities. In most areas with a high concentration of displaced people (Alindao, Bambari, Bangassou, Batangafo, Bria, Kaga-Bandoro, Obo, Rafai, Zémio sites), the situation emerging from the IPC analysis is similar or even worse compared to that of the last analysis, with the exception of the mitigation effects of humanitarian assistance. In spite of a reduced severity, the situation in Bangui remains extremely worrying, particularly in terms of magnitude: the very high prices of basic foodstuffs, particularly cassava, have caused an increase in food insecurity for the majority of households that depend solely on markets for their food supply. In conclusion, in the period from September 2019 to April 2020, corresponding to the post-harvest period in most of the country’s agro-climatic zones, it is estimated that despite planned food assistance, the sub-prefectures of Obo, Zémio, Bria, Ndjoukou, Ippy, Kouango, Batangafo, Kabo are in Emergency (CPI Phase 4) while 47 sub-prefectures are in Crisis (CPI Phase 3): 1.6 million people, representing 35% of the population analysed (4.6 million) are severely acutely food insecure, including 375,000 (nearly 10%) in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) and 1,240,000 (nearly 27%) in Crisis (IPC Phase 3). These households require urgent action to save their lives, protect their livelihoods and reduce their food deficits. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 6

Situation expected for the projected period from May to August 2020 Main assumptions During the projected period, from May 2020 to August 2020, the security situation is • Insecurity will remain precarious in view of expected to remain precarious and marked by renewed activity by armed groups in the continued presence of armed groups and the continuation of inter-community some sub-prefectures (Kaga-Bandoro, Batangafo, Kabo, Markounda, Bocaranga, Koui, conflicts in border areas. Ngaoundaye, Birao, Satéma, Zangba, Zémio, Obo, Rafai, Baboua, Djougou, Boguila, Bouca, Nana Bakassa, Kouango, Kembé, Gambo, Amada-Gaza). This will have a negative • Seasonal depletion of stocks, offset by hunting, fishing and gathering activities impact on household livelihoods as access to fields will be limited as will fishing, only in areas where security does not threat- hunting and gathering activities. Acts committed by armed groups will also lead to en access to these livelihoods. population displacements. Transhumance movements, which are often a source of • Seasonal price increases and low purchas- community conflict, particularly in border areas, may also lead to the displacement of ing power will reduce access to adequate people and the destruction of productive assets. food consumption during the lean season. Prices will rise seasonally due to households’ increased dependence on the market • Access to safe drinking water will subse- following the exhaustion of their stocks. The deterioration of road networks due to quently deteriorate seasonally, increasing the risk of waterborne diseases. increased rainfall and taxes imposed by armed groups will also reduce household supply and access to markets. In addition, the return of displaced persons from neighbouring countries will contribute to increasing demand and pressure on local markets. Although there will be a recovery in economic activity, household incomes will still be limited. Rising market prices and the negative effects of inflation (mainly in Risk factors to monitor Bangui) will continue to limit household purchasing power. Recurrence of conflict, new population dis- In many sub-prefectures, there is a low rate of access to water from a protected placements. source. With the onset and intensification of rains in the coming months, people will An increase in observed prices would be a risk rely instead on surface water, which could lead to cases of waterborne diseases and to be monitored to better capture whether constitute a public health problem. the losses caused could be offset. These elements, all of which have a negative impact on the different dimensions of food Price increase in the lean season and prices on security, will contribute to increasing food deficits and the use of negative livelihood the Bangui market. adaptation strategies. Acute malnutrition may also worsen due to food deficits and diseases typical of the rainy season. This will result in an increase in the number of people in urgent need of action to save their lives, protect their livelihoods and reduce their food deficits. Moreover, in a projected situation, although the majority of sub-prefectures will remain in a phase of acute food insecurity of Crisis (IPC Phase 3), more severe phases will be observed in some sub-prefectures. Indeed, when food assistance is not planned, the sub-prefectures of the north-west and a majority of the sub-prefectures of the south-east move into the Emergency phase (IPC Phase 4). This is also the case for sub-prefectures in the southwest such as Carnot, Amada-Gaza and Nola, where more than half of the population will need food assistance. This is mainly due to the presence in these areas of a high proportion of displaced persons. In addition, it was estimated that the tense security situation in Birao will keep the displaced in the site, with a possible increase in numbers. In the absence of food assistance, and considering the lack of food alternatives in this locality, almost all households will switch to Phases 3 and 4. During the lean season, between May and August 2020, in the absence of food assistance, it is estimated that 2.1 million people, representing 47% of the population analysed, will be severely acutely food insecure, including more than 675,000 people in emergency situations. In total, 1.6 million people in the current period and 2.1 million people in the projected period are in urgent need of action to save their lives, protect their livelihoods and reduce their food deficits. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 7

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION

For populations in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) and IPC Phase 4 (Emergency), implement the What is the IPC and IPC Acute following urgent actions to save lives, protect livelihoods, and reduce food deficits: Food Insecurity? • Ensure immediate food assistance to support populations with little or no access The IPC is a set of tools and procedures to clas- to their livelihoods as well as all those in Phase 3 (Crisis) and Phase 4 (Emergency), sify the severity and characteristics of acute especially in areas with a high concentration of displaced people. food and nutrition crises as well as chronic food insecurity based on international stan- • Implement measures to prevent the deterioration of food deficits expected in dards. The IPC consists of four mutually rein- Phases 3 and 4 during the lean season in all sub-prefectures analysed. forcing functions, each with a set of specific protocols (tools and procedures). The core IPC • Implement protective measures in areas with a high concentration of displaced parameters include consensus building, con- persons to facilitate household access to fields for the 2019-2020 harvesting period, vergence of evidence, accountability, trans- the 2020 planting season, land preparation, as well as fishing, hunting and gathering. parency and comparability. The IPC analysis aims at informing emergency response as This will require a lull in the country’s security situation as well as negotiations with well as medium and long-term food security the indigenous population of the area where the IDPs live. policy and programming. • Continue livelihood support interventions in progressive stabilization areas, support For the IPC, Acute Food Insecurity is defined agro-pastoral production and other income-generating activities for the host as any manifestation of food insecurity found population, displaced people with access to fields, as well as returnees. Improve in a specified area at a specific point in time of a severity that threatens lives or livelihoods, or the availability of quality seeds to support production, prevent crop diseases and both, regardless of the causes, context or du- strengthen people’s agricultural techniques. ration. It is highly susceptible to change and • Continue prevention and treatment interventions for acute malnutrition as a priority can occur and manifest in a population within a short amount of time, as a result of sudden for children under 5 years of age and pregnant or breastfeeding women in sub- changes or shocks that negatively impact on prefectures in Phase 3 and 4. the determinants of food insecurity. • Facilitate people’s access to closer water sources through the development of drinking water sources, rehabilitation and construction of boreholes in areas where access is very limited and on sites for displaced people. As for hygiene and sanitation, Contact for further Information sensitize households to the construction and use of improved latrines. Dr. Abel Namkoisse • Improve infrastructure such as roads to facilitate transactions between areas and President of the IPC Technical therefore access to markets for populations. Working Group • Promote the processing and conservation of products (vegetable products, non- [email protected] timber forest products, livestock and fishery products) in order to increase availability Phone: +23672036182 during the lean season. IPC Global Support Unit www.ipcinfo.org Partners in the IPC analysis in CAR: This anal- ysis was conducted under the patronage of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Devel- opment and the participation of some fifty experts from the Administration (Ministries of Agriculture, Planning, Livestock, Hydrau- lics, Water, Forests, Hunting and Fisheries), the University of Bangui, National NGOs (APAD, ANDE, ASF, CODES, SHD, FJREAS, JUPEDEC, AEPA, APEC, GOD, ADV, AVIDESC, PNRM) and International (ACF, ACTED, OXFAM, PLAN, REACH-Initiative, WHH, IEDA RELIEF), the Food Security Nutrition Cluster, the UN Agencies (FAO, WFP, and OCHA), and FEWS NET, with the technical support of the IPC GSU and fi- nancial support from the European Commis- sion and USAID. Classification of food insecurity and malnutri- tion was conducted using IPC protocols, de- veloped and implemented by the IPC Global Partnership for Action Against Hunger, CARE, CILSS, EC-JRC, FAO, FEWSNET, Food Security Cluster Group, Malnutrition Cluster Group, IGAD, Oxfam, PROGRESAN-SICA, SADC, Save the Children, UNICEF and WFP.