Sylvius Leopold Weiss
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Sylvius Leopold Weiss DOUGLAS ALTON SMITH Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/em/article/8/1/47/445200 by guest on 27 September 2021 With the 20th-century revival of' Silvius Leopoltl Weiss was 11ot.n in ii~tetc.st it1 ihc lute. haw cu~~tc Btesldu, Silcsia i~luw U't~orbw, editions ol r~lusic and I~io- Poland) on 12 October 1686.4 His t)il,liographical studies 01' many 01' father johann Jakob (21662-1754) its major composers. For Franccsco was a lutenist, as were his younger da Milano, John Dowland, and a brother Sigismund (c 1695- 1737) variety 01' or hers-particularly 01- and perhaps also his sister .Juliana the Renaissance-the groundwork has been laid lor a more thorough understanding of their life and Drtmrr (I 1730) Reichardt suggests that Silvius works. German 1)aroque lute music, on the other learned to play the lute at an early age from his tather. hand, remains relatively little known. Although it has In the fiftieth year of'his life lr 17361 the great lutenist received some attrntion lrom German scholars (and Weiss answered the question of how long he had I~een recently, lutenists), it has largely been ignored in the playing the lute with 'twenty years'. One of his friends. English-spraking world, where scarcely any studies who knew f0r certain that Weiss already was playing have l)eer~puhlished on any part of this repertory. the lute in his tenth year, wanted to contradict him, Thus many British and American musicians who are hut he interrupted and said, 'True, hut for twenty years l)aroclue specialists are not aware that there is a sig- I was ~uning'.~ nificant Ilody ol' German I)aroclue lute music and have By 1706 Silvius was in the service of Count Karl never. lleartl ol the grt-atrst German lutenist 01' all Philipp of'the Palatinate, who was at the time resident time-Silvius Leopolci Wciss.l in Breslau. A letter of' 5 May 1706, from Elector Wriss oc.c.upies a towering position in the history ol' .Johann Wilhelni ol' the Palatinate (in Diisseldorf) to lute music lor several rrasorls. Most obviously, he IeIt his brother Karl Philipp expresses gratitude to the the largest torpus of music IOr the instrument ol'any latter lor allowing 'your lutenist Weiss' to c-ome and he cornposer in itr history: al)oitr 80 solo partitas and heard at the Rhenish court.6 From this visit stenis dozens of individual (prol)al)ly nlostly orphaned) Weiss' first dated work, a partita in C minor, over partita movements, as well as eleven incotnpkte which Weiss later inscril~edin the copy in the Dresden sonatas arid contertos for lute and other instru- manuscript : 'Anno 11 7016 in Dusseldorl'. Ergo Nostra ment~.~He was recognized by his contemporaries as Giovent~icomparisce' ('our youthful debut').' Two the pre-r~r~irirntlutenist ol his rra, and in the wot-cis ot years later Silvius' I~rotherand tather- were employed Erns~Gottlic.1~ Baron. he (together with his I~rother at the Dusseldorl coi~rt.~ lohann Sigirtnirnd~'l,rought the lute to the highw An occasion 01' considerable importance lor the peak ol pcr.fcc.tion" with his fluent, virtuosic writing. young virtuoso was an invitation to accompany the Weiss' inlliwntc on his lutenist cw~ternporariesis still Polish Prince Alexander Sol~ieskyt 1676- 17 14) to Italy, alrncw cant ire-1). urirc3sc*arthcd. 11ut c an l)r. rrgarcicd as a sojourn that was to last from 1708 until the Prince's c-ot1sit1c.1-al~lr.hlort rignilit-antly, he represents t hc. ( ul- death.9 At that time it was not uncommon fix pro- ruination 01 the late 1)arocpr style of lutc* c-om- rnising German musicians to go to Italy to absort) the position. ant1 rnost ol his ~nirsicranks easily among rhr Italian style: George Frrderick Handel and Johanri litiert cver- \+~-ittet1lor the iris~rirnlent. David Heinic hen, to name only I\W. were in Italy Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/em/article/8/1/47/445200 by guest on 27 September 2021 Performance ofa new serenade by Dresden Kapellmeister Schmidt in a garden theatre, September 1719. Original drawing in the Kupferstichkabinett, Dresden during part of the same period as Weiss. Presumably probably met Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, the leading Weiss accompanied Prince Alexander in the dual role patron of the musical arts in Rome and head ol the of valet and musician. Academy. Kirkpatrick says of Ottoboni that 'Few Alexander, his mother Queen Maria Casimira (and eminent musicians who came to Rome seem to have probably also their retinue, including Weiss) lived in escaped him'.11 The Ottoboni palace's weekly concerts Rome in the Palazzo Zuccari, a small palace built in of chamber music were well known and well attended. 1593 by the painter Federigo Zuccari near the Piazza Corelli was the director of the performances of con- della Trinita de Monti and the Villa Borghese. Maria certed music and Weiss must surely have heard his Casimira maintained an ostentatious household. In music. Perhaps Weiss had the opportunity to perform the summer ol 1708 she engaged Alessandro Scarlatti at the palace: Baron writes that he 'astonished all the as her composer and music director.10 In January Italians' in Rome.12 1709, the elder Scarlatti returned to Naples, leaving Beyond the musical events produced by Academy the position to his son Domenico, who remained with members there were also public opera performances the Queen until she left Rome in June 1714. Domenico and other musical activities in Rome to which Weiss wrote and conducted performances of seven operas in must have been exposed. He learned at least basic- Maria Casimira's private theatre during these years. Italian, and may have undergone a religious con- Prince Alexander was responsible for staging at least version there, for although he had been born into a one of them, and it can be assumed that Weiss played Protestant family, he raised his children as Catholics theorbo continuo in most or all of them. (and was buried in the cemetery of the Catholic The Scarlattis are doubtless not the only musicians Hofkirche, Dresden). Thus the six years in Rome were to and musical people with whom Weiss had contact in be of lifelong significance for Weiss both personally Rome. Through the Sobieskys, who were both and musically. members of the Academv of the Arcadians, Weiss Upon the untimely death of Prince Alexander in 48 EARLY MUSIC JANUARY 1980 The lirsi |ierf'oriiiaiu"e ol Antonio l.otti's Ira/tnlr ill the lien Dresden opera house. 1719 (|>art oldie marriage lesiivities lor Frederick An^usl II and Maria |ose|iha). Dresden. Kiijilerstich- kaliineli: lliis detail shows the orehesiral lories in< hiding mo theorbos Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/em/article/8/1/47/445200 by guest on 27 September 2021 1714, Weiss returned to Germany. He seems to have the Dresden Hofkapelle. Apart from brief visits to sought employment at the Hessian court in Kassel Vienna, Prague, Leipzig, or other nearby cities, he before becoming lutenist to the Palatine court in remained in Dresden for the rest of his life. Diisseldorf in 1715 or early 1716. In 1717 Weiss per- formed in Dresden for the Elector of Saxony and At this time Elector Frederick Augustus I ('The became unoflicially attached to the Hofkapelle there. Strong') of Saxony, who was also the King of Poland, However, he continued to travel: between February was building the finest musical establishment in and June 1718 he gave weekly concerts in London and even played for the King. On 17 June 1718, the Daily Germany, rivalled in Central Europe only by Vienna. Courant announced the last concert: Between 1714 and 1717 the Elector hired, among Whereas Mr. Weiss intends to go out ol England in a others, the pantalonul Pantaleon Hebenstreit, the little time; These are to give Notice, that during his flautist Pierre-Gabriel Buflardin (Quanta's teacher), Stay in London, he will have an Extraordinary Musical the composer Antonio Lotti, the composer and con- Entertainment at his present Lodgings, at the Wallnut- ductor Johann David Heinichen, the violinist Tree in St. Paul's Church-Yard, against the New Vault Francesco Veracini, and several Italian singers. Most of on the South-Side. Which Entertainment will consist these musicians were intended especially for the new of Theorbo-Lutes, Mandolin, Base Viol, Hoboys, fee. Italian opera company which was to be revived at the on which he had the Honour to play before the court, and for which a large new theatre was built in Emperour, and almost all the Princes of Germany, and 1718-19. of late before His Majesty. To begin To-morrow, at 8 a Clock in the Evening. Tickets to be had at his Lodgings One of Weiss' first tasks as Knmmerlautenut in before and at the Hour of the Consort, at 5s. each Dresden was to accompany the Saxon Crown Prince Ticket. Frederick Augustus II to Vienna. In September of 1718 the Crown Prince travelled to the Imperial court to On 23 August 1718, Weiss was formally inducted into choose as his bride one of the daughters of the late F.AKI.V Ml'SIC JAM ARVI9S0 19 Emperor Joseph I. His father the Elector sent twelve of even primarily, for his students. Three scribes helped Dresden's finest musicians to accompany him and to the composer copy the manuscript, compiled during demonstrate the high level of Dresden's musical the early years of Weiss' tenure at Dresden (r 1718-24), culture to the Viennese.