The Carthaginians Free Ebook

FREETHE CARTHAGINIANS EBOOK Dexter Hoyos | 288 pages | 09 Aug 2010 | Taylor & Francis Ltd | 9780415436458 | English | London, United Kingdom Rome’s Early Rivals: Who Were the Carthaginians? – History Hit But who were the people of Carthage? Pitted as the original hero of The Carthaginians and an ancestor of Romulus and Remus, Aeneas came close to marrying Dido, before being forced to leave after divine intervention. The Carthaginians today question the The Carthaginians of the Dido legend, but it is clear that The Carthaginians was founded as a trading outpost by the Phoenicians — a maritime civilisation originally from the region that today forms part of Lebanon. The city gradually grew to become a major The Carthaginians of Mediterranean trade, and controlled a network of dependencies in North Africa, Spain, and Sicily. Specialising in the production of fine textiles, perfumes, and household goods such as furniture and cooking implements, in its The Carthaginians Carthage was the dominant metropolis in the western Mediterranean, and profited hugely from the The Carthaginians passing through its port. The city also served as a hub for the trading of metal, and tin mined in the Middle East was brought to Carthage to be forged into bronze. Carthage was also famous for its highly sophisticated agricultural practices. One of the earliest centres of wine production, evidence of Carthaginian goods, including wine amphorae, have been excavated as far away as the British Isles and the Atlantic coast of West Africa. Ancient sources, The Carthaginians notably the Greek historian Polybius, reported that the Carthaginian military was predominantly a mercenary- based force. Rather than develop a fully militarised society akin to that of ancient Sparta, the Carthaginians largely relied on others to fight on their behalf. Given its position The Carthaginians a trading hub and cultural capital, Carthage was a natural target for the emerging power of Rome. Growing tensions first escalated into war in BC, and over the next hundred years the two states fought three debilitating conflicts — the Punic Wars. Initially, these did not provide decisive victory for either side, with both suffering heavily at the hands of the other. Gradually, Rome began to gain the upper hand. After a three year struggle, the The Carthaginians eventually succumbed. The Roman Senate dictated that the city be burned and the remaining citizens sold into The Carthaginians. A brutal end for a once glorious city. Credit: The Elisha Whittelsey Collection. TV A new online only channel for history lovers. Sign Me Up. An 18th century idealisation of Dido attempting to woo Aeneas. Tags: Hannibal. Early Modern. Twentieth Century. Age of Revolution. The Worst Epidemic in History? The Carthaginians – THE ROMAN TRIALS and CARTHAGINIANS It was more or less under the control of the city-state of Carthage after the fall of Tyre The Carthaginians Babylonian forces. At the height of the city's influence, it held a hegemony over most of the western Mediterranean. The empire was in a constant state of struggle with the Roman Republic, which led to a series of conflicts known as the Punic Wars. After the third and final Punic War, Carthage was destroyed then occupied by Roman forces. Nearly all of the empire fell into Roman The Carthaginians from then on. In order to provide a resting place for merchant fleets, to maintain a Phoenician monopoly on an area's natural resource, or to conduct trade on its own, the Phoenicians established numerous colonial cities along the coasts of the Mediterranean. They were stimulated to found their cities by a need for revitalizing trade in order to pay the tribute extracted from Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos by the succession of empires that ruled them and by fear of complete Greek colonization of that part of the Mediterranean suitable for commerce. The Phoenicians lacked the population or necessity The Carthaginians establish self-sustaining cities abroad, and most cities had fewer than 1, inhabitants, but Carthage and a The Carthaginians other cities developed into large cities. Some The Carthaginians were established in Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Iberia, and The Carthaginians a The Carthaginians lesser extent, on the arid coast of Libya. The Phoenicians controlled Cyprus, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearic Islands, as well as minor possessions in Crete and Sicily; the latter settlements were in perpetual conflict with the Greeks. The Phoenicians managed to control all of Sicily for a limited time. The Carthaginians entire area later came under the leadership and protection of Carthage, which in turn dispatched its own colonists to found new cities or to reinforce those that declined with Tyre and Sidon. The first colonies were made on the two paths to Iberia's mineral wealth — along the North African coast and on Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands. The centre of the Phoenician world was Tyre, serving as an economic and political hub. The power of this The Carthaginians waned following numerous sieges and its eventual destruction by Alexander the Great, and the role as leader passed to Sidon, and eventually to Carthage. Each colony paid tribute to either Tyre or Sidon, but neither had actual control of the colonies. This changed with the rise of The Carthaginians, since the Carthaginians appointed their own magistrates to rule the towns and Carthage retained much direct control over the The Carthaginians. This policy resulted in a number of Iberian towns siding with the Romans during the Punic Wars. The government of Carthage was an oligarchal republic, which relied on a system The Carthaginians checks and balances and ensured a form of The Carthaginians accountability. The Carthaginian heads of state were called Suffets thus rendered in Latin by Livy Greek and Roman authors more commonly referred to them as "kings". In the historically attested period, the two Suffets were elected annually from among the most wealthy and influential families and ruled collegially, similarly to Roman consuls and equated with these by Livy. This practice might have descended The Carthaginians the The Carthaginians oligarchies that limited the Suffet's power in the first Phoenician cities. The aristocratic families were represented in a supreme council Roman sources speak of a Carthaginian "Senate", and Greek ones of a "council of Elders" or a gerousiawhich had a wide range of powers; however, it is not known The Carthaginians the Suffets were The Carthaginians by this council or by an assembly of the people. Suffets appear to have exercised judicial and The Carthaginians power, but not military. Although the city's administration was firmly controlled by oligarchs, democratic elements were to be found as well: Carthage had elected legislators, trade unions and town meetings. Aristotle reported in his Politics that unless the Suffets and the Council reached a unanimous decision, the Carthaginian popular assembly had the The Carthaginians vote - unlike the situation in Greek states with similar constitutions such as Sparta and Crete. Polybius, in his History book 6, also stated that at the time of the Punic Wars, the Carthaginian public held more sway over the government than the people of Rome held over theirs a development he regarded as evidence of decline. Finally, there was a body known as the Hundred and Four, which Aristotle compared to the Spartan ephors. These were judges who oversaw the actions of generals, who could sometimes be sentenced to crucifixion. Eratosthenes, head of the Library of Alexandria, noted that the Greeks had been wrong to describe all non-Greeks as barbarians, since the Carthaginians as well as the Romans had a constitution. During the period The Carthaginians the end of the First The Carthaginians War and the end of the Second Punic War, members of the Barcid family dominated The Carthaginians Carthaginian politics. They were given control of the Carthaginian military and The Carthaginians the Carthaginian territories The Carthaginians of Africa. In BC, a The Carthaginians was signed between Carthage and Rome indicating a division The Carthaginians influence and commercial activities. This is the first known source indicating that The Carthaginians had gained control over Sicily and Sardinia. By the beginning of the 5th century BC, Carthage had become the commercial center of the West Mediterranean region, a position it retained until overthrown by the Roman Republic. The city had conquered most of the old Phoenician colonies e. Hadrumetum, Utica, and Kerkouane, subjugated the Libyan tribes with the Numidian and Mauretanian kingdoms remaining more or less independentand taken control of the entire North African coast from modern Morocco to the borders of Egypt not including the Cyrenaica, which was eventually incorporated into Hellenistic Egypt. Its influence had also extended into the Mediterranean, taking control over Sardinia, Malta, the Balearic Islands, and the western half of Sicily, where coastal fortresses such as Motya or Lilybaeum secured its possessions. Important colonies had also been established on the Iberian peninsula. Their cultural influence in the Iberian Peninsula is documented, but the degree of their political influence before the conquest by Hamilcar Barca is disputed. When Carthage The Carthaginians, its nearby rival Utica, a Roman ally, was made capital of the region and replaced Carthage as the leading center of Punic trade and leadership. It had the advantageous position of being situated on the Lake of

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