DOCSLIB.ORG

Download (4Mb)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download (4Mb) A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/84449 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications The US-Japan alliance and the relocation of Futenma: Sites of discursive exchange in the reproduction of security alliances Miriam B. Grinberg BA Political Science, Gettysburg College MA International Politics and East Asia, University of Warwick A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics and International Studies Department of Politics and International Studies University of Warwick June 2016 Grinberg 2 Table of Contents List of tables and figures .......................................................................................................................... 7 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 8 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... 10 Declaration ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Alliances in international relations ................................................................................................ 13 2. A case in point: the US-Japan alliance and the relocation of Futenma .......................................... 14 3. Studying ‘persistence’: gaps in the debate .................................................................................... 16 4. Central research questions and argument .................................................................................... 18 5. Theoretical framework .................................................................................................................. 20 6. Methodological framework ........................................................................................................... 21 6.1. Discourses under study .......................................................................................................... 22 6.2. Sites of discursive exchange ................................................................................................... 23 6.3. Analytical themes ................................................................................................................... 24 7. Research contributions .................................................................................................................. 25 8. Outline of the thesis ...................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 1. Literature review ................................................................................................................. 29 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 29 1. Alliances in international relations ................................................................................................ 31 2. The ‘persistence’ of security alliances ........................................................................................... 33 2.1 Material variables ................................................................................................................... 34 2.2 Ideational variables ................................................................................................................. 36 2.3 Hybrid variables ...................................................................................................................... 39 3. The US-Japan alliance .................................................................................................................... 41 3.1. Historical overview and current situation .............................................................................. 43 3.2. Material variables .................................................................................................................. 48 3.3. Ideational variables ................................................................................................................ 50 3.4 Hybrid variables ...................................................................................................................... 53 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 54 Chapter 2. Theory and methods ........................................................................................................... 57 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 57 1. Theoretical framework.................................................................................................................. 58 Grinberg 3 1.1. Deliberative public policy ....................................................................................................... 60 1.2. Discursive institutionalism ..................................................................................................... 62 1.3. Gradual institutional change theory ...................................................................................... 64 2. The interpretative approach ......................................................................................................... 65 2.1. Active agency ......................................................................................................................... 66 2.2. Institutions as argumentative fields....................................................................................... 69 2.3. Change and stability as inextricably linked ............................................................................ 70 2.4. Discourse ................................................................................................................................ 71 3. Methodological framework .......................................................................................................... 73 3.1. Traditional versus discursive approaches .............................................................................. 73 3.2. In favour of social-interactive discourse analysis .................................................................. 74 3.3. SIDA in practice (1): interviewing ........................................................................................... 77 3.4. SIDA in practice (2): fieldwork programme............................................................................ 80 3.5. SIDA in practice (3): data analysis .......................................................................................... 81 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 87 Chapter 3. Sites of diplomatic exchange: ‘The alliance rewrites itself’ ................................................ 89 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 89 1. Historical memory and threat perception ................................................................................ 90 1.1. The evolution of the ‘alliance’ and Japan’s defensive identity .............................................. 92 1.2. The alliance as the ‘cornerstone for peace’ ........................................................................... 94 1.3. Alliance management and its challenges ............................................................................... 96 1.4. The impact of the US ‘rebalance’ to Asia on the alliance ...................................................... 98 2. Defining and redefining security ................................................................................................. 101 2.1. The bases in Okinawa: a strategically important ‘burden’ .................................................. 103 2.2. Hatoyama and the alliance ‘crisis’ ....................................................................................... 107 2.3. Futenma as a ‘ticking clock’ ................................................................................................. 112 2.4. Abe and Nakaima ................................................................................................................. 114 3. Institutional and cultural identities ............................................................................................. 118 3.1. Division of official responsibilities over the bases ..............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Peace in Vietnam! Beheiren: Transnational Activism and Gi Movement in Postwar Japan 1965-1974
    PEACE IN VIETNAM! BEHEIREN: TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM AND GI MOVEMENT IN POSTWAR JAPAN 1965-1974 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE AUGUST 2018 By Noriko Shiratori Dissertation Committee: Ehito Kimura, Chairperson James Dator Manfred Steger Maya Soetoro-Ng Patricia Steinhoff Keywords: Beheiren, transnational activism, anti-Vietnam War movement, deserter, GI movement, postwar Japan DEDICATION To my late father, Yasuo Shiratori Born and raised in Nihonbashi, the heart of Tokyo, I have unforgettable scenes that are deeply branded in my heart. In every alley of Ueno station, one of the main train stations in Tokyo, there were always groups of former war prisoners held in Siberia, still wearing their tattered uniforms and playing accordion, chanting, and panhandling. Many of them had lost their limbs and eyes and made a horrifying, yet curious, spectacle. As a little child, I could not help but ask my father “Who are they?” That was the beginning of a long dialogue about war between the two of us. That image has remained deep in my heart up to this day with the sorrowful sound of accordions. My father had just started work at an electrical laboratory at the University of Tokyo when he found he had been drafted into the imperial military and would be sent to China to work on electrical communications. He was 21 years old. His most trusted professor held a secret meeting in the basement of the university with the newest crop of drafted young men and told them, “Japan is engaging in an impossible war that we will never win.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Items-In-Visits of Heads of States and Foreign Ministers
    UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 15/06/2006 Time 4:59:15PM S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Expanded Number S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Title items-in-Visits of heads of states and foreign ministers Date Created 17/03/1977 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0907-0001: Correspondence with heads-of-state 1965-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit •3 felt^ri ly^f i ent of Public Information ^ & & <3 fciiW^ § ^ %•:£ « Pres™ s Sectio^ n United Nations, New York Note Ko. <3248/Rev.3 25 September 1981 KOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT AND MINISTERS TO ATTEND GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION The Secretariat has been officially informed so far that the Heads of State or Government of 12 countries, 10 Deputy Prime Ministers or Vice- Presidents, 124 Ministers for Foreign Affairs and five other Ministers will be present during the thirty-sixth regular session of the General Assembly. Changes, deletions and additions will be available in subsequent revisions of this release. Heads of State or Government George C, Price, Prime Minister of Belize Mary E. Charles, Prime Minister and Minister for Finance and External Affairs of Dominica Jose Napoleon Duarte, President of El Salvador Ptolemy A. Reid, Prime Minister of Guyana Daniel T. arap fcoi, President of Kenya Mcussa Traore, President of Mali Eeewcosagur Ramgoolare, Prime Minister of Haur itius Seyni Kountche, President of the Higer Aristides Royo, President of Panama Prem Tinsulancnda, Prime Minister of Thailand Walter Hadye Lini, Prime Minister and Kinister for Foreign Affairs of Vanuatu Luis Herrera Campins, President of Venezuela (more) For information media — not an official record Office of Public Information Press Section United Nations, New York Note Ho.
    [Show full text]
  • Briefing Memorandum
    The National Institute for Defense Studies News, January 2011 Issue (Issue 150) Briefing Memorandum The Japan-US Alliance Structure in the Eyes of China: Historical developments and the current situation (an English translation of the original manuscript written in Japanese) Yasuyuki Sugiura, Research Fellow, 6th Research Office, Research Department 1. Introduction In 2010, the Japan-US Security Treaty celebrated its 50th year since revisions were last made in 1960. The Japan-US Security Treaty continues to serve as the axis for Japanese diplomatic and security policy even today. The milestone year of 2010 was also a year of heightened attention to China’s security stance towards other countries in Japan. In April, a Chinese naval vessel passed between Okinawa Island and Miyako Island, heading due east into the Pacific Ocean, and thereafter conducted a training exercise and refueling in Pacific Ocean waters. In September there was an incident where a Chinese fishing vessel collided with a Japan Coast Guard patrol vessel in the waters surrounding the Senkaku Islands, Japan-China relations were quickly exacerbated. Amidst this string of events, there has been recent debate over the US military’s deterrence capabilities against China in light of the relocation issue of Futenma Air Station, while another question has surfaced pertaining to whether the Japan-US Security Treaty applies to the Senkaku Islands. These new issues have caused a significant amount of attention to the Japan-US Alliance as well as to relations with China. How does China recognize the Japan-US Alliance? This is a vital question in order to understand China’s policy towards Japan and the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Participants As of 17 January 2014
    Japan Meeting List of Participants As of 17 January 2014 Tokyo, Japan, 11 June 2013 Shinzo Abe Prime Minister of Japan Evgeny V. Afanasiev Ambassador of the Russian Federation Embassy of the Russian Japan to Japan Federation in Japan Nicolas Aguzin Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, JPMorgan Chase Bank NA Hong Kong SAR Asia-Pacific Hirotsugu Aida Columnist Kyodo News Japan Koichi Akaishi Japan Economic Revitalization Bureau Cabinet Office of Japan Japan Manager, Assistant Director Akira Amari Minister for Economic Revitalization and Minister for Economic and Fiscal Policy of Japan Jun Arai Representative Director and Chief Showa Shell Sekiyu KK Japan Operating Officer Hiroto Arakawa Vice-President, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Japan Hiroto Arakawa Vice-President, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Japan Keiichiro Asao Member of the House of Representatives, Japan William Barriga Chief of Mission International Organization for Japan Migration (IOM) Neelanjan Head, Japan Business HCL Technologies Ltd Japan Bhattacharjee Børge Brende Managing Director and Member of the World Economic Forum Switzerland Managing Board Børge Brende Managing Director and Member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway Managing Board Norway Urs Bucher Ambassador of Switzerland Embassy of Switzerland Japan Johan Cels Representative United Nations High Japan Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Adrian David Cheok Professor and Inventor, Graduate Keio University Japan School of Media Design Mitsuru Claire Chino Executive Officer, General Manager of Itochu Corporation Japan Lega l Division I-han Chou Senior Editor, Nature Nature Publishing Group Japan Sayuri Daimon Managing Editor The Japan Times Ltd Japan Katsuya Debari President and Chief Executive Officer Odyssey Communications Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Transcript
    TRADE-2018/05/02 1 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION THE FUTURE OF TRADE IN U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONS Washington, D.C. Wednesday, May 2, 2018 Introductory Remarks: BRUCE JONES Vice President and Director, Foreign Policy The Brookings Institution Keynote Address: AKIRA AMARI Member, House of Representatives, Liberal Democratic Party Former Minister in Charge of Economic Revitalization Moderator: MIREYA SOLÍS Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, Senior Fellow and Co-Director, Center for East Asia Policy Studies, The Brookings Institution Panelists: AKIRA AMARI Member, House of Representatives, Liberal Democratic Party Former Minister in Charge of Economic Revitalization KOICHIRO GEMBA Member, House of Representatives, Independent Former Minister for Foreign Affairs RYAN HASS David M. Rubenstein Fellow, John L. Thornton China Center The Brookings Institution YOSHIMASA HAYASHI Member, House of Councillors, Liberal Democratic Party Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology AKIHIKO TANAKA President, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 TRADE-2018/05/02 2 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. JONES: Good morning, everyone. Welcome to Brookings. And for those of you visiting, welcome to Washington D.C. My name is Bruce Jones. I'm the vice president for Foreign Policy here at the Brookings Institution. And on behalf of the Center for East Asia Policy, it's my pleasure to welcome you to today's discussion on the future of U.S.-Japan trade relations; at this key moment, not only in U.S.-Japan bilateral relations, but at a critical moment that may redefine America's role in Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • US Military Bases in Mainland Japan and Okinawa
    US Military Bases in Japan – An Overview (Okinawa part is detailed under a separate title) U.S. Military Presence in Mainland Japan and Okinawa Ichiyo Muto (People’s Plan Study Groups) There are approximately 90 U.S. military facilities including major military bases throughout mainland Japan and Okinawa, with an area total of 3,130,000 sq.meters, 75% of which are in Okinawa. They are concentrated in a few areas (prefectures), 37 in Okinawa, 15 in Kanagawa, 11 in Nagasaki, and 7 in Tokyo. About 52,000 U.S. troops are stationed in these bases, 26,000 in mailand and 25,000 in Okinawa (2001). In mainland Japan, the largest contingent is the air force with 6,600 and that in Okinawa marines (15,500). The U.S. armed forces in Japan, together with U.S. forces in South Korea, are subjected to the Pacific Command located in Hawaii though the Command located at Yokota Airbase in Tokyo also functions as an auxiliary command for the forces deployed all over Japan. The forces deployed to Japan are not a separate complete military unit but integral part of the Pacific Force as the largest of the four U.S. joint forces with a vast jurisdiction extending from the U.S. western coast and the whole of the Pacific Ocean through the Indian Ocean to the eastern coasts of Africa. The main U.S. bases in mainland Japan include Misawa airbase in Aomori Prefecture up in the north of Honshu Island, Yokota Airbase in Tokyo, Yokosuka naval base in Kanagawa Prefecture, Atsugi base in the same prefecture, Iwakuni marine base near Hiroshima, and Sasebo naval base in Nagasaki Prefecture.
    [Show full text]
  • For Whom Japan's Last Dance Is Saved—China, the United States
    Cambridge Gazette: Politico-Economic Commentaries No. 4 (March 29, 2010) Jun Kurihara and James L. Schoff1 For Whom Japan’s Last Dance Is Saved—China, the United States, or Chimerica?2 1. Japan-U.S. Security Treaty at 50 The year 2010 celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty.3 Although the importance of geopolitics itself has hardly changed since 1960, East Asia’s geopolitics has changed drastically. The Japan-U.S. alliance was established as East Asia’s bulwark against communism during the Cold War era. But China’s rise and other developments highlight a transformed environment. As partners, Japan and the United States have been loyal for decades and largely successful but the regional dance floor is more crowded than before, the music has changed, and the fashion is new. This essay explores competing perspectives for the Japan-U.S. alliance amidst these changing politico-economic circumstances. Against this backdrop, the authors ask ourselves for whom Japan’s last dance is saved. Do policy makers in Tokyo believe that a choice between China and the United States might become necessary in the future? Should Japan seek a less exclusive relationship with the United States, and what are the key factors that will influence this decision? China’s rise is inevitable, undeniable, and unstoppable. Especially since the so-called Lehman Shock that rocked global financial markets in 2008, China has demonstrated a resilient economic performance, and its economic growth makes the U.S. and Japanese recovery look extremely lackluster.4 Last year China became the world’s largest exporter by surpassing Germany, and this year China’s GDP is expected to overtake Japan’s.
    [Show full text]
  • Militarization and Demilitarization of Okinawa As a Geostrategic “Keystone” Under the Japan-U.S
    Militarization and Demilitarization of Okinawa As a Geostrategic “Keystone” under the Japan-U.S. Alliance August 10-12, 2013 International Geographical Union (IGU) 2013 Kyoto Regional Conference Commission on Political Geography Post-Conference Field Trip In Collaboration with Political Geography Research Group, Human Geographical Society of Japan and Okinawa Geographical Society Contents Organizers and Participants………………………………………………………………………….. p. 2 Co-organizers Assistants Supporting Organizations Informants Participants Time Schedule……………………………………………………………………………………….. p. 4 Route Maps……………………………………………………………………………………….…..p. 5 Naha Airport……………………………………………………………………………………….... p. 6 Domestic Flight Arrival Procedures Domestic Flight Departure Procedures Departing From Okinawa during a Typhoon Traveling to Okinawa during a Typhoon Accommodation………………………………………...…………………………………………..... p. 9 Deigo Hotel History of Deigo Hotel History of Okinawa (Ryukyu)………………………………………..………………………............. p. 11 From Ryukyu to Okinawa The Battle of Okinawa Postwar Occupation and Administration by the United States Post-Reversion U.S. Military Presence in Okinawa U.S. Military Bases in Okinawa…………………………………………………………………...… p. 14 Futenma Air Station Kadena Air Base Camp Schwab Camp Hansen Military Base Towns in Okinawa………………………………………………………...………….. p. 20 Political Economic Profile of Selected Base Towns Okinawa City (formerly Koza City) Chatan Town Yomitan Village Henoko, Nago City Kin Town What to do in Naha……………………………………………………………………………...… p. 31 1 Organizers
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan to Challenge UN Decision Over India's Hydro Project
    Tuesday 3rd January, 2012 12 Flash floods hit 3 provinces in southern Thailand The Nation/ANN The yellow flag, which denotes readiness for evac- pany briefly to a school, and later returned to their uation in 24 hours, was in force yesterday afternoon, residences. District chief Jamlong Kraidit said a Songkhla, Yala and Nakhon Si Thammarat in when Hat Yai Mayor Phrai Phatthana said it was small number of seriously ill patients at Sadao southern Thailand have been heavily inundated by meant largely for those living in low-lying areas. The Hospital had been airlifted to better-equipped Hat flash flooding after days of heavy rain, while the red means emergency evacuation could be Yai Hospital, after floodwater inundated a major cold is hitting the north and the northeast. announced immediately. road and was too high for its ambulance. Disaster status - signified by red flags - has been Elsewhere in Songkhla, two key roads leading to a Shelters have been set up in four of the eight dis- announced in Hat Yai, the business area of border crossing in Sadao district with Malaysia have tricts in Yala, after they were inundated to the level Songkhla. Car owners have begun to park their cars been impassable due to inundation. Relief assistance of one metre, following heavy downpours on Friday on elevated roads or high ground - similar to the has been provided in eight flooded districts. and Saturday. Yala municipality, especially 10 com- practice seen in central provinces and Bangkok dur- Songkhla has a total of 16 districts. The seven other munities and three key sois, along with Raman and ing the flood peak between mid-October to early districts are Sadao, Chana, Muang, Na Thawee, Na Muang districts, are under high-level floodwater.
    [Show full text]
  • The Independence Movement on Okinawa, Japan. a Study on the Impact of US Military Presence
    STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies The independence movement on Okinawa, Japan. A study on the impact of US military presence. Bachelor Thesis in Japanese studies Spring 2017 Anton Lövgren Supervisor: Ingemar Ottosson Abstract Ryūkyū independence movement has ever since WWII been an actor working towards independence for the Ryūkyū islands. Since the Okinawa Reversion Agreement 1971 the military bases has been a topic for debate. In this research the influence of the American military bases and its personnel's behavior have on the independence movement is examined using a qualitative analysis method. Further, this research argues that the military bases have influenced independence movement to gain more momentum for autonomy on Okinawa between 2004-2017. Keywords Ryūkyū, Identity, Ryūkyū independence movement, American military bases, Collective identity. Acknowledgement I am so glad for all the encouragement and assistance I’ve been given by the department of Asian, Middle eastern and Turkish studies. Especially by my supervisor Ingemar Ottosson and course coordinator Christina Nygren. Romanisation of Japanese words and names Japanese words and names will be written with the Hepburn romanization system. Long vowels such as a e i o u will be written with a macron (ā ē ī ō ū). For example Ryūkyū (琉球) would otherwise be written ​ with long vowels as ryuukyuu. Japanese names are traditionally written with family name and given name ​ subsequently. This thesis will use the western standard i.e. given name first and family name second. For example Takeshi Onaga the governor of Okinawa Prefecture in Japan (In tradtional Japanese standard 翁 長 雄志 Onaga Takeshi).
    [Show full text]
  • On the Consequences of the Okinawa Elections, US Military Presence, US-Japan Relations
    On the Consequences of the Okinawa Elections, US Military Presence, US-Japan Relations By Vladimir Terehov Region: Asia, USA Global Research, November 05, 2018 Theme: History, Militarization and WMD New Eastern Outlook 4 November 2018 In-depth Report: Militarization of Japan So, the snap governor elections of the Okinawa Prefecture that were critical for the Japanese federal government were held on September 30 this year and ended in an unpleasant surprise for it. Despite Tokyo’s anticipation (and to its sheer disappointment) the former Ginowan City Mayor Atsushi Sakima supported by the ruling Liberal Democratic Party of Japan failed at the elections. The former radio host Denny Tamaki won by receiving 56% of the vote; he considers himself a follower of the former Governor Takeshi Onaga. Takeshi Onaga who deceased in early August was a strong opponent of the US military presence on Okinawa, that is, the largest island of the Ryukyu Arc and a prefecture of the same name. 10 days prior to his death, he made a kind of political will by claiming that he was going to revoke the permission for allocating a part of the island’s coast in the low-populated settlement of Henoko for the construction of a new location for the US Marine Corps Air Station Futenma. The aforementioned base is currently located in the very heart of Ginowan City whose population is approaching 100,000 people. On August 15 (due to the allegedly coming typhoons), all work in Henoko that had been carried out by the federal government for over a year using the state budget funds was suspended.
    [Show full text]
  • Moving Asia-Pacific Relations Forward
    Japan-US Kanazawa Conference January 21-23, 2012 Biographies (Alphabetical order) ABBOT, C. Spencer Former Council on Foreign Relations-Hitachi International Affairs Fellow U.S. Embassy, Tokyo / Japan Institute of International Affairs Prospective Executive Officer, Strike-Fighter Squadron 27, NAF Atsugi CDR Abbot is a 1995 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy. He then attended the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, receiving a Master’s Degree in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) and later a PhD in International Relations. He is a Navy FA-18 pilot, and has carried out numerous aircraft carrier deployments to include combat at the outset of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. While serving as an exchange FA-18 instructor with the Spanish Air Force he earned an Executive MBA, taken in Spanish, from Instituto de Empresa in Madrid. CDR Abbot then worked as the Department of Defense Representative for Latin America and the Caribbean at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). During that assignment, CDR Abbot completed several deployments in support of the U.S. response to the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and led Interagency Conflict Assessment teams in Ecuador and Nicaragua. CDR Abbot was subsequently selected for a 2011 Council on Foreign Relations-Hitachi International Affairs Fellowship in Japan. During his fellowship CDR Abbot served at U.S. Embassy Tokyo in support of the Operation Tomodachi disaster relief effort. He was designated by the U.S. Ambassador to serve as Deputy Director of the Embassy’s Bilateral Assistance Coordination Cell (BACC), which coordinated U.S. support to the Japanese government regarding the nuclear emergency at Fukushima Daiichi power plant.
    [Show full text]