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Rhode Island 1 THE LONG 19TH CENTURY IN GREATER RHODE ISLAND “History ... does not refer merely to the past ... history is literally present in all that we do.” — James Baldwin, 1965 “UNNAMEABLE OBJECTS, UNSPEAKABLE CRIMES” GO BACK TO THE PREVIOUS PERIOD 1. “Greater” Rhode Island would include relevant regions connected with the local culture, such as Block Island and the other channel islands that used to be considered part of this colony, contiguous areas such as New Bedford in Massachusetts, etc. “Rhode Island” had been for a long time an ambiguous designator, as it might refer to the moderately sized island in Narragansett Bay, or it might refer to the entire colony of which said island was a part, together with the extensive Providence Plantations on the mainland shore. Also, since the period of that ambiguity, there have been significant trades of land and towns between Rhode Island and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts — such as the entire city of Fall River. You need to deal with it. HDT WHAT? INDEX RHODE ISLAND ROGUE ISLAND 1861 March 25, Monday: President Lincoln appointed Joshua Reed Giddings as the US consul general to the British North American Provinces (that’s what we’d call “Canada”). In Providence, Rhode Island Agnes Hutchinson Brownell was awarded a divorce from Robert S. Brownell on grounds of adultery. The document on file alleges that Robert had been accused of “treating with extreme cruelty and [neglecting] to provide necessaries for the support of” Agnes and the three minor children and that the court had determined that he “has been guilty of adultery.” We have no record of how, abandoned, the mother was going to support Eugene Brownell, Josephine Brownell, and Maybel Brownell, who presumably at that time would have all been under the age of eight. [NO ENTRY IN THOREAU’S JOURNAL FOR 25 MARCH] March 31, Easter Sunday: The only set of chimes in the city of Providence (Moshasuck), Rhode Island, the set that pertained to Grace Church, were on this day played for the first time. Each bell of this set of bells, 16 in all, had been inscribed with the names of the various individuals and organizations that had donated it. Two military organizations had been involved, the First Light Infantry and the Marine Corps of Artillery. The Infantry bell had been donated with the condition that the chimes would be rung on each September 10th anniversary of Captain Oliver Hazard Perry’s victory on Lake Erie. April 17, Wednesday: When the garrison at Fort Sumter surrendered, Rhode Island called for 90-day enlistments in the Union army and Robert S. Brownell, who was a member of a club called the “Mechanics’ Rifles,” signed up with Company 11, 1st Rhode Island Infantry, a company of sharpshooters. On this day the sovereign state of Virginia, unable to sustain the thought that all men had been created equal, seceded from the federal union centered in Washington DC. Well, the above remark is a cold joke, really, a cold joke based on the reputation that Virginia has acquired as a state in which everyone knows the difference between Virginia and West Virginia. In fact none of the Southern tier of states were breaking away in order to protect their peculiar institution of human enslavement. That’s merely a modern misapprehension. The president-elect, Abraham Lincoln, had given them assurances that interfering with human enslavement was not an item to be found anywhere on his agenda. None of the Southern politicians had any reason at all to suspect that Lincoln had any affection for people of color, for in fact, as was well understood, he had no such affection. The man was a master of the nigger joke (if you hadn’t known that, it is merely that our historians have been sparing you the agony of hearing them). The primary 5048 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX ROGUE ISLAND RHODE ISLAND reason for the breaking away was that the election had indicated to the states of the Southern agricultural tier very clearly that the Northern industrial sector of the nation was increasing in relative influence over the Southern. During the first century of the existence of our nation, the most important political fact was that the primary political division in the federal government was sectional, between the Northern sector and the Southern sector of the country. The Constitution had been drafted in such a manner that the powers of these two sectors were about on a par with one another — it was to achieve this rough parity between the industrial North and the agricultural South that slavemasters had been granted an extra 3/5ths of a vote for every human being they owned. Year after year, shifts in the relative power of the two regions had been being carefully monitored and struggled over. This was a sectional issue, a geographical one, an economic one, Northern sector versus Southern sector, and so, you see, any and all debates as to the morality of race enslavement pro and con amount to a mere “stalking horse.” All of American national politics had for all of the existence of the federal union been a delicate balancing act. When Florida had become available, from Spain, Florida could not be brought into the union as an addition to the Southern sector until the federal politicians had come up with the idea of offering something equivalent to the Northern sector, so that the relative influences of the two sectors could be kept in balance within the corridors of power in Washington DC (so, Massachusetts was split into two states, Massachusetts and Maine, with the addition of Maine to the Northern sector balancing the addition of Florida to the Southern sector). When Texas came in, the whole chunk of territory had been brought in as one humongous state rather than breaking it apart into four reasonably sized new states, simply because the relative power of the two regions, north versus south, was being so carefully monitored and struggled for. For similar reasons, Canada is now an independent nation: Canada retained its independence because nobody could figure out how to add Canada to the Northern sector without adding Mexico to the Southern sector (and nobody wanted the Mexicans because they were thought of as half-breeds). National politics went on and on like this, and it wasn’t ever a struggle over freeing the negroes, but was instead a struggle between two groups of white men over which group of white men was going to achieve dominance over the federal establishment in Washington DC. Now hear me, the black people were just a pawn, being moved around the white man’s chessboard. So, in the 1860 election, when a northern candidate won rather than the candidate that was in the pocket of the Southern sector, they became fearful that the big bad wolf was knocking on the door, that the Northern sector had finally won out in this long-term contest for dominance over the federal establishment in Washington DC. It didn’t matter how much Lincoln protested that freeing the slaves was the furthest thing from his mind (“Who, lil’ ol’ me?”). Thus, at our present juncture, the states of the Southern sector were seceding not because the Republican election victory posed a threat to enslavement practices –such a threat was not presented by the new Republican party platform– but because with the growing industrial power of the North, the agricultural South sensed a permanent diminution of its relative influence. It was willing to be part of a 50% versus 50% nation but feared having to suck hind tit in a 60% versus 40% nation. It had been all right when Franklin Pierce, a Northerner, had been president, because they had all understood that Pierce was a true blue Southerner at heart (besides, he was an ineffectual drunkard with the charisma of a door stop). This time, with a Northerner rather than a Southerner in control of the White House, the Northern bloc was going to start adding a bunch of free states out west, with each free state having two senators to make the Senate ever more and more lopsided — and this long stalemate would be irrevocably shattered. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 5049 HDT WHAT? INDEX RHODE ISLAND ROGUE ISLAND [THOREAU MADE NO ENTRY IN HIS JOURNAL FOR 17 APRIL] 5050 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX ROGUE ISLAND RHODE ISLAND May 8, Wednesday: The USS Constitution rode at anchor in Newport harbor. RHODE ISLAND (It had sailed there for its safety from Annapolis, Maryland, and would remain there, serving as the school ship for midshipmen, for the duration of the Civil War.) [THOREAU MADE NO ENTRY IN HIS JOURNAL FOR 8 MAY] “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 5051 HDT WHAT? INDEX RHODE ISLAND ROGUE ISLAND Middle of July: The regiment from Rhode Island moved south of the Potomac River heading towards Richmond, Virginia with General Irwin McDowell’s division, and arrived at a place near Manassas, where the first battle of the US Civil War would take place on July 21. Kady Southwell Brownell marched with the troops and carried the flag. Many of the soldiers took her name to be “Kitty.” Her company was deployed along the edge of a pine woods near a schoolhouse that quickly became a hospital after, at about 1:00PM, they came under fire. She became separated from Robert, but stood on the line of battle in her pants and knee-length skirt, holding the flag. About 4:00 PM, what had been appearing to be a Union victory somehow transformed itself a confused and panic-stricken rout.
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