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Museum of Newport History at Brick Market Newport Historical Society Museum of Newport History at Brick Market 127 Thames Street, Newport, RI 02840 History of the Brick Market Since its establishment in 1854, the Newport Historical Society has been dedicated to collecting and preserving all aspects of Newport County’s rich history. The Society possesses a priceless collection of manuscripts, paintings, furniture, decorative arts, and photographs. Many of these objects embody local, regional, and national significance. In addition, the Newport Historical Society owns three historical properties and manages two other properties located within a four block area in colonial Newport: the Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House (1697), the Great Friends Meeting House (1699), and the Seventh Day Baptist Meeting House (1730). It also manages and maintains the Colony House (built in 1739 and owned by the State of Rhode Island) and the Brick Market (built in 1762 and owned by the City of Newport). When colonial merchants waterfront property to the west side purchasing grain, for supplying entered Newport’s harbor in the late of the Brick Market, deeded a portion a Public Granary forever. eighteenth century, the Brick Market of their land to the town of Newport. greeted them as a monument to the The General Assembly of Rhode city’s booming cosmopolitan center. Island proposed to finance the The proprietors proposed to use At the intersection of Thames Street building of a “Market House” using the building as a “Market House, and and Long Wharf and across from money raised through a public for no other use.” However, they Washington Square, the Brick Market lottery. The Proprietors of the added that a portion of the lower now stands as a reminder of colonial original planning document floor could be used as a watch-house. Newport’s active commercial history proposed erecting a three story Mid eighteenth-century watch- and colonial-era architecture. Many building about thirty-three feet wide houses offered a place for patrolmen scholars consider it to be one of and sixty-six feet long. The planning who would have offered protection Newport’s architectural masterpieces. document also suggested specific for the town. A watch-house near Currently, the Brick Market serves as functions for each space: Long Wharf may have been needed the location for the Newport after an older market with a watch- Historical Society’s Museum of house further south on the Newport Newport History. Over the past 250 The lower part thereof for a harbor was sold. Yet the City of years, the Market served a variety of Market House, and for no other Newport never used portions of the purposes. For example, it housed use whatsoever, forever (unless Brick Market for a watch-house or for shops, a school, a theater, and the it shall be found convenient to a Public Granary. Instead, the space City Hall. The Brick Market is a appropriate some part of it for a was divided into stalls and offices to continuously changing building watch-house)...the upper part create a commercial center where whose cultural heritage is immensely [shall] be divided into stores for many different business transactions valuable to downtown Newport. If it dry-goods, and let out to the could be made. These spaces served were not for the efforts of twentieth- best advantage; and all the rents many purposes due to their versatile century preservationists, the Brick thereof, together with all the design. Market may not be standing today. profits that shall arise on said building, shall be lodged in the On July 24, 1760, the Proprietors Town Treasury of said town of of Long Wharf, those who owned the Newport, towards a stock for In 1760, a committee of four publications included Colen Beginning in 1772, the City of prominent local men, consisting of Campbell’s Vitruvius Britannicus Newport rented the office space and Henry Collins, Joseph Bell, Augustus (1716), William Kent’s Designs of Inigo stalls within the Market to many Johnson, and Joseph Lyndon, met with Jones (1727), Edward Hoppus’ Pallido, different vendors. There were a total renowned architect Peter Harrison and James Gibbs’ Book of Architecture of seven stalls in the arcade and two (1716-1775) — who many (1735-36). Through his accumulation rooms each on the upper floors. On contemporary scholars consider to be of books concerning classically average, to rent a stall for a year it cost America’s first architect — to discuss inspired forms, Harrison studied about two to four British pounds. the building proposal. In addition to Palladian architecture, a style derived Local farmers, butchers, and designing the Brick Market, Peter from Venetian architect Andrea merchants were the majority of renters Harrison designed several other Palladio (1508-80). For example, the who used the lower stalls in the buildings in Newport, such as Great Gallery at the Old Somerset arcade. The upper levels mainly Redwood Library (1750) and Touro House (1635), a Palladian-style house consisted of offices for private use. Synagogue (1763). Harrison’s positive in London designed by English For example, from 1774 through 1784, reputation stemmed from his other architect Inigo Jones and illustrated in a small school occupied one of the well known works such as King’s Vitruvius Britannicus, may have chambers on the second floor. Adam Chapel (1754) in Boston, Mass. These influenced Harrison’s Brick Market Maxwell rented a quarter of the east accomplishments made Harrison a design. Norman Isham, the room on the second floor to teach logical and ideal choice to design a architectural preservationist who grammar and arithmetic to thirty building in Newport’s commercial restored the Brick Market in the 1920s, children who were over the age of center. stated that the Brick Market is “the seven. In 1793, Alexander Placide, a best of [Harrison’s] exteriors, not only popular French acrobat, dancer, actor, With the completion of Harrison’s in Newport but elsewhere, and ranks and manager, rented the upper floors design for the building, construction as one of the finest buildings of as theater space that seated 300 of the Brick Market began in colonial America.” Harrison’s design people. On June 26, 1793, the September 1762. Builders added the of the Brick Market proved to be a Newport Theater held its first roof a year later, but due to insufficient testament to one of the finest extant performance at the Brick Market. The funds, they did not complete the Colonial American buildings. production included a tight rope act, a project until July 1772. The Market comedy, and a pantomime ballad took a decade to complete, yet it The Brick Market, which called One Soldier performed by stayed true to Harrison’s original combined many classical architectural Alexander Placide. The Newport vision. Harrison owned an extensive elements, served many different Theater company performed design library, and he may have used functions. Originally built for the tragedies, comedies, musicals, ballets, many print sources in conceiving his transaction of goods, the building was pantomime acts, as well as acrobatic design for the Brick Market. His remodeled several times to serve entertainment from June through extensive library of architectural Newporters’ changing needs. Atlas map of Long Wharf and Washington Square showing the Brick Market as City Hall. BRICK MARKET DESIGN Based on an English market house, the Brick Market is a three-by-seven-bay building that measures thirty-three feet wide by sixty-six feet long. Its brick construction includes an open-air arcade on the bottom floor and offices on the top floors, resembling an Italian palazzo. It Frieze Scamozzi Type Capital was built in the Ionic Order, one of the with Angled Scrolls classical Greco-Roman classifications, denoted by its pilasters with spiral scrolls Segmental Pediment Triangular Pediment on either side of the capital. The large Pilaster pilasters running from the bottom of the second story to the third story are of the Scamozzi type of the Ionic Order indicated by the four volutes, spiral scrolls, at an angle. The entablature at the top of the building is of regular Palladian form with a Arcade plain frieze. The upper story bays each have two windows (one on each floor). The second story windows are surmounted with pediments that alternate between triangular and segmental. October. The company presented many Newporters became concerned for restoration to Newport’s mayor in many plays and acts never before seen about the building’s well-being. At 1915: weather and fireproofing the in Newport in addition to many well- this time across the United States building, replacing the shingled roof, known plays such as Shakespeare’s following the centennial celebration of and repairing exterior woodwork. In Romeo and Juliet, The Tempest, King the Declaration of Independence, making these changes, Isham argued Richard III, and Hamlet. The cost to Americans developed a national that the Brick Market would “be seen watch the performance ranged from a historic consciousness. This vision of as one that adorns and honors the city quarter of a dollar to one dollar nationalism sparked an interest in not only as beautiful pieces of human depending on where a person sat. The Americans to preserve Colonial work but as reminders of the order Newport Theater rented the space architecture in a modern society. and dignified life of our forefathers.” under Alexander Placide, C.W. These trends were part of a larger The City of Newport hired Isham in Yeamans, and Charles Steward Powell Colonial Revival movement that until 1799. In 1842, the Brick Market’s sought to revive Georgian upper floors underwent additional architecture (1714-1830). This renovations. At a cost of $2,000, the movement sparked Americans City of Newport converted the second interests in preserving New and third floors into one large room England’s earliest buildings that with eighteen-foot ceilings and a expressed the seventeenth-century gallery on three sides.
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