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Equality Day is August 26 March is Women's History Month National Women's History Project How Women Won the Vote 1920 Celebrating the Centennial of Women's 2020 Volume Two A Call to Action Now is the Time to Plan for 2020 Honor the Successful Drive for Votes for Women in Your State

ENS OF THOUSANDS of organizations and individuals are finalizing plans for extensive celebrations for 2020 in honor th Tof the 100 anniversary U.S. women winning the right to vote. Throughout the country, students, activists, civic groups, artists, agen- cies, individuals and countless others are prepar- ing to recognize women's great political victory as never before. Their efforts include museum shows, publica- tions, theater experiences, films, songs, dramatic readings, videos, books, exhibitions, fairs, pa- rades, re-enactments, musicals and much more. The National Women's History Project is one of the leaders in celebrating America's women's suffrage history and we are encouraging every- one to recognize the remarkable, historic success of suffragists one hundred years ago. Here we pay tribute to these women and to the great cause to which they were dedicated. These women overcame unbelievable odds to win their own civil rights, with the key support of male voters and lawmakers. This is a celebration for both women and men. Join us wherever you are. There will be many special exhibits and obser- vances in Washington D.C. and throughout the WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE nation, some starting in 2019. Keep your eyes open; new things are starting up every day. We

Meneese Wall Meneese hope you'll be part of one or more.

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he goal of this Gazette is to encourage people upcoming centennial. Women are rarely the focus of na- throughout the country to celebrate the 100th an- tional observances or holidays, so we want to make the niversary of American women gaining political most of this opportunity to place American suffragists freedom.T solidly in our nation’s history. The women’s suffrage movement culminated with the passage of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Consti- A Diverse Movement tution on August 26, 1920. While many things have hap- pened since, in 2020 we want to focus on the suffragists The drive to win the vote was a broad and diverse and what it took for them to win basic civil rights for effort beyond the mass, mostly white, movement. There women. The Suffrage Movement expanded our democ- was a thriving suffrage movement in many black com- racy and served our nation’s interest, it is time to write munities but black women, particularly in the south, these women back into history. were barred from voting for decades after 1920. It wasn’t until passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965 Ratification Centennials Approaching that their rights were finally upheld. The voting rights of Native American women were not recognized until Here we break down the national movement to help 1924. For Chinese American women, it was 1943, and people learn about women from their state, understand for Japanese and other Asian American women it was the state’s suffrage history, and mark the date each state 1952. Struggles for true equal rights continue. ratified the amendment. These upcoming ratification We also want this Gazette to recognize that many men centennials offer state residents another specific date to were suffragists, offering advice, raising money, and or- honor suffragists in addition to August 26. States played ganizing campaigns side by side with the women. We a critical role in the drive for equal suffrage, and each celebrate men’s support for women’s rights and the fact one produced brave, dedicated women and men who that male voters in the hundreds of thousands supported devoted themselves to winning equal rights for women. equal suffrage. In the end, male legislators throughout To encourage widespread participation, we also of- the country endorsed the measure and insured its ulti- fer hundreds of ideas, links and resources (with more mate victory. online) to help readers imagine their own local obser- This is an exciting chapter in American history, filled vances. Women in some states are already hard at work and offer examples and in- with tragedy and achievement, with larger than life personalities and earth-shaking spiration for those not yet organized. 2020 will see a diverse, decentralized national events. It rewards study, it offers entertainment and inspiration, and it features countless celebration which, like the suffrage movement itself, will depend on local initiatives and “ill-behaved” women who literally made history. Full victory for women is yet to be won limited funds. Unable to count on national political leadership, activists are enlisting state but we celebrate the remarkable achievement of suffragists who, 100 years ago, changed and civic organizations to take action and make official plans now for the the U.S. Constitution and brought women liberty and political power as voters.

How Women Won the Vote Volume Two Women’s History is women’s right. It is an essential, indispensable heritage ORDER MORE COPIES TODAY from which we can draw pride comfort, Share your copy and order more to help prepare for the Suffrage Centennial in 2020.

courage, and long range vision. Order from the NWHP at www.nwhp.org, web store.

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A Special Gazette published by the National Women’s History Project LEAVE A First Printing June 2018 © 2018 National Women’s History Project. All rights reserved. Reprint inquiries welcome. LEGACY Edited by Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr., Assistant Editor: Marguerite Kearns, Co-Editors: Molly Murphy MacGregor, Leasa Graves Gerda Lerner was a scholar, author and historian who Thank you to all our national contributors spearheadedGerda Lerner was the a pioneer creation in theof thefield first women's graduate program in Design: Robert Cooney Graphic Design, Production: Vicki Dougan/Sales Promotion women’shistory. As historya scholar, in author, the U.S. and historian she National Women’s History Project 730 Second Street #469, Santa Rosa, CA spearheaded the creation of the first graduate 95402 707-636-2888 [email protected] WWW.NWHP.ORG Gerdaprogram Lerner in women's left a history legacy in of the supporting . women’s history through herShe generousserved as the donations Chair of theto the National National Women's Women’s History Project Cover Art by Meneese Wall (NWHP).History Project's We invite Advisory you Boardto leave and a shared legacy her with an ongoing monthly The cover image, Columbia, the female personification of the United States, was created by orexpertise one-time and monetary support generously gift to the NWHP. Or remember the NWHP Meneese Wall to commemorate the centennial of the women’s suffrage movement. Meneese in your will. is a graphic artist and designer based in Santa Fe, NM. Each image is available as a 9” x 12” signed art print and a 5” x 7” note card. Accompanying each of these works is a brief histori- cal background describing its significance within the struggle to win the right to vote. For more Ask your employer about matching funds. Lerner remembered the information visit Menesse Wall's website www.meneesewall.com or email her at Meneese@ NWHP in her will, and we are forever grateful. All contributions are meneesewall.com. fully tax-deductible. We are indebted to the and to Bryn Mawr College Library Special Collec- tions for the use of photographs from their Carrie Chapman Cat Collection. The suffrage leader’s Please donate today and support women’s history! scrapbooks hold a wealth of images including many of the leading women in the states. http:// NWHP P.O. Box 469 Santa Rosa, CA 95402 www.nwhp.org triptych.brynmawr.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/suffragists 707-636-2888 www.nwhp.org How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 3

Supporters in Arkansas posed in front of the State Capitol on February 7, 2017, Women’s Primary Suffrage Centennial Day. They were reenacting a rally celebrating passage of the bill to allow Arkansas women to vote in primary elections in 1917. The event was followed by the Inaugural Arkansas Women’s History Month Festival, presented by the Arkansas Women’s History Institute www.arkansaswomen.org . Photo courtesy of the Arkansas State Archives, an agency of the Department of Arkansas Heritage.

Exciting Plans Under Way for the Suffrage Centennial

ANY EXCITING EFFORTS are already Coalition holds annual Women’s Equality Day celebra- underway to celebrate women’s history tions and has collaborated with the Worcester Women’s and the Women’s Suffrage Centennial History Project and the of M Needham. in 2020. From national organizations to state insti- th tutions to local groups, you'll find tremendous di- 2020 is not only the 100 anniversary of suffrage, but also the 200th birthday of Susan B Anthony. The suffrage versity, creativity, involvement and purpose here, leader was born in 1820 on a farm in Adams, Massachu- whether planned or already happening. setts. To commemorate her life, the Adams Women in an increasing number of states are organizing to see that the suffrage centennial is ap- propriately recognized. There are both new and ex- isting organizations that are integrating anniversary events into their schedules. City and small town museums and civic organizations, historic sites, communities and individuals are also developing special ways to celebrate this historic advancement for both women and men. The Women’s Suffrage Celebration Coalition of Mas- One clear message all agree on is that there's sachusetts (WSCC), which has grown to over 60 part- no reason to wait until 2020. There is a lot to do ner organizations (http://suffrage100ma.org), is pleased to be collaborating with the Massachusetts Common- now and a lot to celebrate wherever you are. Na- wealth Museum on The Suffrage Centennial Display tional groups need volunteers in the states, so what- Panel Project, The project will create “Suffragist of the ever your local involvement, you might consider Month” panels from August 2017 to August 2020 which connecting with one of the organizations like the will be displayed in the Museum’s lobby and on the WVCI that wants to involve and assist citizens, ac- WSCC website. tivists, artists, institutions, businesses, teachers and For February 2019, the Coalition and the Members of the Womenís Suffrage Celebration Coalition of Women’s Heritage Trail are planning a re-enactment of public officials throughout the country. Massachusetts and the Boston Women's Heritage Trail have Each of these groups would love to hear from a historic Boston suffrage protest. In June, the centen- worked with the City of Boston for more than seven years to you and would certainly make good use of your fi- nial of ratification by Massachusetts, the WSCC is plan- show the suffrage colors on the Public Garden's famous Swan nancial support. ning a kick-off event for the upcoming centennial. The Boats on Equality Day. 4 nwhp.org National Women's History Project

Suffrage Centennial Celebration Committee has be- state to allow women to vote in primary elections in early gun to raise money, with help from the Adams Commu- Women's Vote 1917, and was the 12th state – and the first Southern state nity Bank, for a bronze statue by sculptor Brian Hanlon Centennial – to ratify the 19th Amendment. The Arkansas Women’s depicting young Susan reading a book and adult Susan Suffrage Centennial Project, at https://ualrexhibits.org/ delivering a speech. For information and suffrage Initiative suffrage, was formed in early 2016 and received a plan- products, visit www.celebratesusanbanthony.org. In ning grant from the Arkansas Humanities Council. In addition, the committee is promoting a two-year-long The Women’s Vote February 2017, supporters gathered at the Arkansas State voter registration drive and making plans for a parade, Centennial Initiative Capitol to celebrate the centennial of the state primary symposium, fireworks and much more in 2020. (WVCI) is a national suffrage bill. collaborative effort created to ensure Arkansas Asa Hutchinson issued an execu- th that the 100 an- tive order in August 2017 creating an official committee, th niversary of the 19 the Arkansas Women’s Suffrage Centennial Commemo- Amendment is widely ration Committee, under the Department of Arkansas celebrated through- Heritage (DAH). Committee members include the DAH out the country. The Special Projects Coordinator, State Historian, Secretary Initiative is the central of State or designee, League of Women Voters and the national organization Arkansas Women’s History Institute representatives, and encouraging com- three at-large appointees. memorative activities culminating in 2020. WVCI has launched its new website, www.2020centennial. org, which will serve as a central organiz- The Susan B. Anthony Birthplace Museum, also in ing and information-sharing center for centennial Adams, has created a three-panel travelling display dates and plans, with plenty of links to resources from its collection of over 600 suffrage postcards. It as well. A recent WVCI sponsored discussion, has been exhibited in libraries, historical Women’s Suffrage and the Vote: Funding , sites and societies, and is available for other suffrage held on March 15, 2018, can be viewed at www. celebrations. Visit www.susanbanthonybirthplace.org youtube.com/watch?v=65TD1Rhk1Tk. or contact Cynthia at [email protected]. The 2020Centennial Facebook page offers the latest on what's happening for 2020 and on suffrage history. Check out what others have planned, post your own activities, or learn what happened today in suffrage history. Find it on Facebook by searching 2020Centennial.org. The Committee logo and website were unveiled on July ______28, 2018, the 99th anniversary of Arkansas' ratification of the 19th Amendment. Women’s Suffrage Centennial Commission Kathleen Pate, president of the AWHI, noted that, “Spearheading a suffrage commemoration campaign at The Women’s Suffrage Centennial Commission Act the state level is not as difficult as you might imagine. (S. 847) was incorporated into the agreement for With creative partnerships and dedicated volunteers, a FY17 omnibus spending measure, along with an many of our goals in Arkansas were accomplished with initial $2 million dollar appropriation for the com- little or no outside funding.” A second Annual Suffrage mission. Congress appropriated $2 million for the Sprint & Stroll, a 1.9 mile fun run/walk, will be on Au- 2020 Commission in the bill signed by the president gust 25, 2018. Visit https://runsignup.com/Race/AR/Lit- Colleen Janz from the Susan B. Anthony Birthplace Museum but the work of the Commission can’t start until all tleRock/SuffrageSprintStroll. with the museum’s travelling display of suffrage post cards. members are appointed. The Speaker of the House and the have yet to announce their choices.

Iowa In California, activity has started in several parts of the state. Plans are currently being made for a California tional website includes a rich Print and Media Resourc- The League of Women Voters, AAUW, The state centennial committee; contact [email protected] to es List of vintage films, books, recordings, videos and Iowa Commission on the Status of Women, and Car- participate. Activists in Santa Clara County are organiz- more. www.Catt.org rie Chapman Center at Iowa State, and others have ing a Task Force with the assistance of the Board of Su- joined together for a 2020 commemoration. Their plans pervisors to locally commemorate the 100th anniversary include artworks, billboards, lectures, musical perfor- and to address women’s political equality as well. The mances, curricula and much more. Arkansas Task Force’s objectives are to analyze current conditions Arkansas Women's History Institute (AWHI) celebrates and create an actionable plan to increase women’s politi- The Girlhood Home in Charles the unique place Arkansas holds in the history of wom- cal equality in the county’s diverse communities. Contact City honors the national suffrage leader. Their educa- en’s suffrage. Arkansas became the first non-suffrage Carla Collins at [email protected]. How Women Won the Vote 5 nwhp.org

Fabulous Sites on Suffrage Centennials and Women’s History Including Women’s History Trails, Exhibits, Halls of Fame, State Centennials & more

Arizona Women’s Heritage Trail Montana Centennial montanawomenshistory.org/how-to-celebrate/ womensheritagetrail.org/women/FrancesMunds.php montanawomenshistory.org/for-teachers/ Lesson plan on Hazel Hunkins Arkansas Women’s Suffrage Centennial Project Suffrage Centennial suffrage100nv.org/ ualrexhibits.org/suffrage/ Nevada Women’s History Project nevadawomen.org/ California Centennial summary New Jersey Women’s History njwomenshistory.org/nj-womens-heritage- sos.ca.gov/elections/celebrating-womens- trail/ run by the Institute suffrage/california-women-suffrage-centennial/ Alice Paul Institute www.alicepaul.org th Georgia 90 Anniversary New York Centennial Resource Guide and video ny.gov/programs/new- 5.galib.uga.edu/blog/?p=3920 links york-state-womens-suffrage-commission Kentucky Suffrage Project Site networks.h- New York State Women’s History nywomenshistory.com Trails, videos, net.org/kywomansuffrage Votes for Women Trail NY Cultural Heritage Tourism Network Maryland Women’s Heritage Center New York Centennial Calendar rochester.edu/sba/events/2017-centennial- mdwomensheritagecenter.publishpath.com/ celebration/2017centennial/ calendar of events Massachusetts - Women's Suffrage Celebration Coalition of Massachusetts Oregon Centennial Site centuryofaction.org/ suffrage100ma.org/ Oregon Experience: The Suffragists Public TV show Worcester Women’s History Project wwhp.org/Resources/ links opb.org/television/programs/oregonexperience/segment/the-suffragists/ Boston Women’s Heritage Trail bwht.org/ Suffrage Monument tnsuffragemonument.org/ Women’s History Trail Tennessee Suffrage Memorial tnwomansmemorial.org/ michiganwomenshalloffame.org/womens_history_timeline1.aspx Vermont Women’s History Project/Vermont Historical Society Timeline vermonthistory.org/research/vermont-women-s-history Women's Suffrage in Missouri and the Golden Lane c Washington Women’s History Consortium span.org/video/?307551-1/womens-suffrage-missouri video washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/

The League of Women Voters New York State is plan- Keep Up on ning a variety of events around the national centennial in 2020. They’ve posted a useful Women’s Suffrage Re- Suffrage Centennials Online sourceSpecial Kit State online Sites to helpon Centennials groups plan, Page work 1 with oth- ers, and publicize their activity. http://www.lwvny.org/ Suffrage Wagon News Channel programs-studies/womens-suffrage/.

The award-winning Suffrage Wagon News Channel (SuffrageWagon.org) covers suffrage news, features, videos and action campaigns. The site features col- umns about travel, food, history, books and human in- Women’s Rights National Historical Park tells the terest related to the suffrage movement. The platform story of the first Women’s Rights Convention held in is inspired by the suffrage wagon "Spirit of 1776" that Seneca Falls, New York, on July 19-20, 1848. It is a story was used for campaigning by New York activist Edna of struggles for civil rights, human rights, and equality Kearns, grandmother of site editor Marguerite Kearns. that continue today. Each July, the park hosts Convention The news channel, has been publishing since 2009. Days, three days filled with speakers, historical actors, Follow SuffrageWagon.org on Twitter, Facebook, and demonstrations to commemorate the New York suf- email subscription and quarterly newsletter. frage movement and the national centennial. The park was established in 1980 to preserve and interpret signifi- SuffrageCentennials.com cant sites associated with the drive for equal rights for SuffrageCentennials.com is a website that highlights women. www.nps.gov/wori. events, celebrations, trends and news about the New York womenís suffrage movement and anniversary celebra- tions. Enjoy learning about American history, suffrage New York State Women’s Suffrage Commission, the related events and interesting programs in states and official Commission for the state centennial, has orga- nationally. SuffrageCentennials.com features a rich nized a series of statewide programs continuing into archive of news from the past five years. Follow with 2020. New York just completed its own state suffrage Twitter, Facebook, email and the quarterly newsletter. centennial, complete with museum shows, publications, This site collaborates with other organizations includ- performances and more. Countless programs celebrated ing the National Womenís History Project and the the accomplishment of women’s suffrage and the central Inez Milholland Centennial campaign. role of New Yorkers and New York State. Website in- cludes profiles of historic state suffragists. https://www. Centennial Listserv ny.gov/programs/new-york-state-womens-suffrage- The Women's Vote Centennial Initiative ís 2020 commission. Centennial listserv began in March 2015 as a way to share information and ideas and connect with others planning for 2020. You can post information or ques- The New York State Museum’s exhibit, “Votes for tions about Centennial planning or read what others and Women: Celebrating New York’s Suffrage Centen- around the nation are proposing to commemorate the nial,” produced a fascinating illustrated catalog (above) occasion. A compilation of messages is sent out about Susan B. Anthony Statue Fund that is now available. The Museum also created a six- once a month. Sign up by sending an email to Suf- The Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Statue panel traveling exhibition that will be at smaller venues [email protected] (the listserv is moder- Fund aims to break the “bronze ceiling” to create the first around New York State. http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/ ated by Jill Zahniser). exhibitions/votes-for-women. statue of real women in 's . Continued on Page 16 6 nwhp.org National Women's History Project

RATIFICATION The Final Drive That Won the 19th Amendment

AR MORE THAN a footnote in had been polled, every governor had ists in each state were crucial to the voting and undercut all the work suf- women’s suffrage – and Ameri- been interviewed, the press had been plan since it required simultaneous fragists had done up to that point. Pas- can – history, the drive for rati- informed, and “an expectant, eager work in every House of every legisla- sage meant victory for their hopes and ficationF of the 19th Amendment was army, thoroughly well-equipped and ture in every state. “There is no quick, dreams. No wonder suffragists, at the an unprecedented national campaign trained” was ready to go. short cut to our liberty,” Catt warned peak of their strength nationally, threw that involved politically sophisticated After nearly three decades, the Na- them, “Nothing less than this nation- themselves into this final campaign women in every state. The move- tional American Woman Suffrage As- wide, vigilant, unceasing campaigning with all the power they could summon. ment’s ultimate success – amending sociation (NAWSA) had grown in size will win the ratification.” Opponents had been able to delay the U.S. Constitution – relied on ex- and influence under Anna Howard the vote in Congress until most state perienced suffragists throughout the Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt. These The Ultimate Challenge legislatures had adjourned, forcing country who had spent years in poli- national figures worked with the lead- suffragists to ask to call This was the ultimate challenge for tics and who had come to understand ers of suffrage associations throughout special sessions to approve ratification women who had been working for their the mechanics of government. When the country to craft a successful plan, so women could vote in the 1920 elec- rights for decades. Defeat would cast they needed to act – exactly one hun- first to win passage and then ratifica- tion. This was the case in at least 29 a pall over their immediate chances of dred years after the birth of Susan B. tion of the 19th Amendment. Suffrag- states. In addition, political conditions Anthony – they were ready. were different in every state and de- Immediately after the Senate passed manded carefully calculated strategies. the suffrage bill on , 1919, suf- Suffragists used all their influence fragists focused all their energy on from years of work to persuade gov- getting 36 states to ratify the proposed ernors and representatives and win amendment. each legislatures support for ratifica- Courtesy of the Oklahoma Historical Society tion. Not everything went smoothly and states where women had won the vote were surprisingly slow to ratify. State and national organizers were in constant motion while the country was still recovering from the First World War and dealing with the passage of Prohibition. A dozen legislatures ratified the amendment unanimously while others were divided or dragged their feet. Many southern states came out forcefully against federal action and some even sent organizers to other As each state ratified the 19th Amendment- states to defeat it. National Woman’s Party head Alice Paul sewed another star on the Ratification Flag. Memorial marker for Aloysius Larch-Miller in Memorial Park, Shawnee, Calling on Party Support Around her are organizers , Oklahoma. Elizabeth Kalt, Florence Boeckel, Anita Pol- Because of the work and sacrifices litzer, Sue White and Vivian Pierce. of suffragists throughout the states, A Martyr to the Cause the campaign surged ahead through A century later, 2019 marks the start ETTING GOVERNORS to call special sessions to ratify the 19th Amendment be- the second half of 1919. To keep up of the ratification centennials, leading fore the 1920 presidential election demanded everything from the women involved. the momentum, Catt led a “Wake Up up to the national centennial in 2020. TheG complexity and cost were shown in Oklahoma. In their book, Woman Suffrage and America” tour of the western states in The ratification campaign offers an Politics, Carrie Chapman Catt and Nettie Rogers Shuler included the following tribute: the fall. At the same time, Alice Paul excellent opportunity to both celebrate "In September, Miss Aloysius Larch-Miller, secretary of the Oklahoma Ratification was directing National Woman’s Party the suffrage movement and to recog- Committee . . . secured signed pledges from a majority of the legislators that they would (NWP) efforts in certain states, includ- nize each state’s suffrage history. (For attend, serve without pay, consider no other legislation and vote for ratification. When ing neglected southern states, with the state ratification dates, check the ar- these were presented, the Governor’s answer was a refusal to answer. . . . same goal in mind. Members of the ticle starting on page 8.) “In January 1920, the Democratic State Central Committee called county conventions two rival organizations occasionally to select delegates to the Democratic State Convention. Many of these county conven- clashed. An Unprecedented Movement tions passed resolutions asking the Governor to call the session. Although she had been confined to her room for several days with influenza, Miss Larch-Miller attended the The NWP had long been criticized convention of her county – Pattawatomie – and spoke for the resolution in opposition to by NAWSA for its - th After the 19 Amendment was finally Attorney General S.P. Freeling, one of the ablest orators of the State and also the stron- oriented strategy, but the ratification confirmed, several states competed to gest opponent of woman suffrage in Oklahoma. Her enthusiasm and eloquence carried drive showed the importance of party be the first to ratify. won the day for suffrage. The resolution was adopted. For her the price was her life. The support. NWP officer Dora Lewis ob- the race on June 10 after a technicality exertion proved too heavy a tax and in two days she paid the supreme sacrifice for the cause she had served.” served that in Kentucky, where ratifi- ruled out , which was second, cation passed, “many of the men who and Michigan was third. The fast start Aloysius Larch-Miller, 33, described as a gifted orator with abundant energy, charm, and “impressive ideas,” was mourned as a martyr to woman suffrage. In her memory, voted in favor of ratification were anti- reflected suffragists’ careful prepara- local citizens and children raised funds to create the Larch-Miller Park in Shawnee, suffragists and told me they were only tion. By June 1919, every legislature Oklahoma. doing it on account of their party.” How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 7

needed only one more state. She celebrated those who felt “the grip This set the scene for the climactic of the oneness of women struggling, vote in the Tennessee House during serving, suffering, sacrificing for the the hot summer of 1920. Using every righteousness of woman’s emancipa- tactic they could, opponents forced fa- tion. . . . Let your joy be unconfined vorable representatives to change their and let it speak so clearly that its echo positions and tried to defeat the mea- will be heard around the world and find sure in every way possible. “Never in its way into the soul of every woman the history of politics,” one suffragist of any and every race and nationality recalled, “has there been such a nefari- who is yearning for opportunity and ous lobby as labored to block the ratifi- liberty still denied her sex.” cation in Nashville.” “You’ve won!”

“The soul of every woman”

Even after the measure passed by just one vote – Harry Burn’s – opponents continued to try to block or overturn the amendment. However, following pas- sage on August 18, the governor quick- ly signed and sent the ratification bill to U.S. Secretary of State Bainbridge Victorious state suffragists gathered to witness their state’s governor signing the bill ratifying the 19th Amendment in Nevada, Kentucky (top), Maine and Nebraska (bottom). Colby. He signed the Proclamation on August 26 and triumphant women immediately launched celebrations na- To bring pressure on Republican- in retrospect make the great campaign tionwide. Over the next two years, suf- controlled states, the NWP picketed almost look easy, suffragists won fragists successfully held off relentless the Republican National Convention state after state, suffering setbacks but legal challenges by opponents. in June demanding party action. Lob- moving steadily ahead. In less than After their victory, Carrie Catt Posing with bouquets for a victory portrait, bying and political maneuvering con- a year, they won the approval of 35 praised her fellow suffragists for national suffrage leader Carrie Chapman states while eight states had rejected Catt sat surrounded by suffrage leaders tinued simultaneously. “leading the woman’s crusade for the Mary Garret Hay, , With a determination and drive that the amendment. By April, suffragists liberation of the of the race.” and Marjorie Shuler.

Make August 26, 2020, a National Holiday

Register to Vote – and Vote! Today, there is no national holiday that honors women. The great achieve- ment of the 20th century - the emancipation and of women - call for recognition at the national level. Join us in working with individuals, orga- nizations, institution throughout the country to honor the 100th Anniversary of √ If you're not registered, get women in the United States winning the right to vote. registered at vote.org It is time for August 26, 2020, to become a national holiday that truly honors the √ Volunteer at a local high hundreds of thousands of suffragists who fearlessly campaigned for 72 years to school or college to encour- secure a woman's right to vote. This will be a serious challenge, but what better age young voters way to celebrate "Women's Independence Day" and honor the inspiring nonvio- √ Help register voters lent movement that overcame tremendous odds to win civil rights for American √ Work at your local polling women. place How To Take Action √ If you're unable to vote, 1) Proclaim encourage others to vote Encourage local officials and organizations to draft a proclamation that declares √ If you're unable to vote, par- August 26, 2020, as a holiday. ticipate in the discussion 2) Educate through other civic oppor- Through your networks, social media, and local press share why it's time for tunities August 26, 2020 to be a national holiday. 3) Identify Work with your local schools, libraries, and historical societies to identify local RESOURCES women, men, and locations that were instrumental in supporting the suffrage campaign. Share these local stories and celebrate the brave women and men of • All in Together - aitogether.org/ your town. • Representation 2020 - www.representation2020.com/ 4) Share • Vote Run Lead - voterunlead.org/ Start today in sharing with your networks, social media, organizations, and local press about the upcoming Centennial, the incredible accomplishments of the Suffrage Movement, and the need for a national holiday. 8 nwhp.org National Women's History Project Suffragists Active in Every State

ho won the vote in my state? Who led 16 national suffrage leaders the campaigns and where can I learn more? and their birthplaces W ALICE STOKES PAUL We attempt to briefly answer these questions below with a summary of each state's suffrage Moorestown, NJ history, the names of a number of state suffrag- ists and links to more information. We want to Orange, NJ particularly emphasize the national scope of the women’s suffrage movement and to encourage Newcastle-on-Tyne, individuals to study and share their state's role in CARRIE LANE CHAPMAN CATT the enfranchisement of women. Ripon, WI Our choices as to where to place some of these women can be debated – some are under their Hartford, CT birthplaces while some are not – but we want to ELIZABETH CADY STANTON give states maximum opportunity to claim local Johnstown, NY women who were important in winning enfran- FRANCES ELIZABETH CAROLINE WILLARD chisement at the state and national levels. Churchville, NY 56 Campaigns, 41 Defeats Seneca Falls, NY IDA BELL WELLS-BARNETT Suffragists waged 56 electoral campaigns in 31 Holy Springs, MS Miss Evans as Joan of Arc, Florida states to win Votes for Women. They lost 41 of JEANNETTE PICKERING RANKIN these drives and yet they persisted to reach their Missoula, MT election. The date each state ratified is included as ultimate goal. Eventually, they won passage of LUCRETIA COFFIN MOTT another date to celebrate in addition to August 26. equal suffrage measures in 15 states and won , MA The key actions and coordinated strategies by presidential, or partial, suffrage through 15 state suffragists in local communities, cities and states legislatures. West Brookfield, MA throughout the country deserve much wider recog- By the time the 1920 election approached, poli- MARY ELIZA CHURCH TERRELL nition. They played a crucial role in securing Votes ticians were shocked that women would be voting Memphis, TN for Women nationwide. for president in 30 of the 48 states, even without MAUD WOOD PARK the 19th Amendment. This was the direct result Boston, MA For our information we relied primarily on of the work of state suffragists. TRUTH printed sources and online resources posted by These same women, many now with years of Swartekill, NY state libraries and historical societies. We consult- experience, won ratification by the necessary 36 SUSAN BROWNELL ANTHONY ed internet sources like Wikipedia cautiously and state legislatures just months before the 1920 Adams, MA always confirmed facts elsewhere.

huntsvillehistorycollection.org/hh/ W. B. Cleary California index.php?title=%22They_Are_ Lida P. Robinson Too_Sweet_and_Angelic_to_Rea- Fred Colter Defeated 1896 son,%22_Or,_How_Women_Got_ Alice Park Passed 1911 the_Vote_in_Alabama Sally Jacobs Ratified November 1, 1919 Maybelle Craig Rachel Berry Clara Shortridge Foltz Elizabeth Clark Sargent www.uapress..edu/catalogs/ Elizabeth Kent dlg_show_excerpt.php?id=2072 Elizabeth Lowe Watson Elmira T. Stephens Arkansas Emily Pitts-Stevens Katherine Edson Helen Todd John Hyde Braly Colorado Clay Passed Primary Suffrage 1917 Katherine Edson Defeated 1919 Laura DeForce Gordon Ratified July 28, 1919 Lillian Harris Coffin Defeated 1877 Passed 1893 Hattie Wyatt Caraway Marietta L. Stow Never voted Mary McHenry Keith Ratified December 15, 1919 Rejected ratification Alice Ellington Florence Brown Cotnam Mary T. Longley Caroline Nichols Churchill September 22, 1919 Maud Younger Ratified September 8, 1953 Frances Munds Minnie Rutherford Lizzie Dorman Fyler Mrs. Seward A. Simons Adella Hunt Logan Clara McDiarmid Naomi Talbert Anderson Omar E. Garwood Arizona Mary Fletcher Sara Bard Field Martha Pease Adolphine Fletcher Terry Selina Solomons Mary Bradford Virginia Clay Passed 1912 bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/suf- Sarah Platt Becker Kate Cunningham frage/index. Lulu Hemingway Ratified February 12, 1920 www.encyclopediaofarkansas. Natalie Gray Margaret Murray Washington net/encyclopedia/entry-detail. womhist.alexanderstreet.com/teacher/ Frances W. Munds colosuff Pattie Ruffner Jacobs Pauline O’Neill aspx?entryID=4252 Hattie Hooker Wilkins How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 9

Kate F. O’Connor Katherine Hancock Goode Margaret Dreier Robins Louise de Koven Bowen Madeline Watson Margaret Haley Mrs. James W. Morrison Ruth Hanna McCormick Sophonisba R. Breckenridge Thomas J. McMillan www.lib.niu.edu/2004/ih110604half

Indiana

Never voted Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified January 16, 1920 Suffrage Parade , 1914 Amanda Way Helen M. Gougar Kentucky Florence L. Nye suffragists pose before their state parade banner Helen N. Bates Mary Meyers Thomas Never voted Mabel Connor Mrs. Roselle Cooley Connecticut Presidential Suffrage 1919 Lucy Hobart Day Frances Anderson William Dudley Foulke Ratified January 6, 1920 www.mainememory.net/bin/Features? Mary McLeod Bethune Never voted Zerelda Wallace Desha Breckinridge t=fp&feat=13&supst=Exhibits Ivy Stranahan Ratified September 14, 1920 www.digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/ May Mann Jennings Abby & Julia Smith viewcontent.cgi?article=1359&co Lucie Wilmot Smith Ella Chamberlain Caroline Ruutz-Rees ntext=ugtheses Mary Barr Clay www.floridamemory.com/ blog/2014/08/26/womens-equality- Eliza Calvert Hall Catherine Flanagan Iowa Mattie Griffith Browne day-2/ Madeline McDowell Breckinridge Annie G. Porritt www.networks.h-net.org/kywoman- Defeated 1916 Elizabeth D. Bacon Georgia suffrage Katharine Houghton Hepburn Presidential Suffrage 1919 Mary Jane Roberts Never voted Ratified July 2, 1919 Grace Gallatin Seton Rejected ratification July 24, Katharine Ludington 1919 Mary Jane Coggeshall Flora Dunlap Ratified February 20, 1970 Defeated 1918 Arabella Babb Mansfield ctexplored.org/the-long-road-to-wom- Rejected ratification July 1, Lugenia Burns Hope Mary Newbury Adams ens-suffrage-in-connecticut 1920 W.E.B. DuBois Hortense Butler Heywood Ratified June 11, 1970 Mary Latimer McLendon Martha C. Callanan Delaware Helen Augusta Howard Anna Bell Lawther Caroline Merrick Frances Smith Whiteside Margaret Atherton Bonney Emily Collins Never voted Mary McCurdy www.sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/exhibits/suf- Jean Gordon Rejected ratification June 2, Lucy Laney frage/index Kate M. Gordon Lavinia Engel 1920 Leonard J. Grossman Lydia Wickliffe Holmes Ratified May 6, 1923 Jane Porter Barrett Miriam [Mrs. Frank] Leslie Annie Arneil Rebecca Latimer Felton Lucretia Horner Maryland Mabel Vernon Julia Flisch Celeste Claiborne Carruth Cary www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/ Lilly Richardson Mary R. de Vou history-archaeology/woman-suffrage Ida Porter Boyer Never voted Martha Cranston Robert Ewing Rejected ratification February 24, 1920 Grace B. Tounsend Henry Dickson Bruns Mary Clare Brassington www.knowlouisiana.org/entry/ Ratified March 29, 1941 Winifred Morris Passed 1896 woman-suffrage Mary E. Brown Ratified February 11, 1920 Edith Houghton Hooker Florence Bayard Hilles Etta Maddox delawareeranow.org/a-brief-history-of- Mrs. M. J. Whitman Maine Frances Ellen Watkins Harper delawares-role-in-womens-suffrage/ Abigail Scott Duniway Lucy Branham Emma F. A. Drake Defeated 1917 Eunice Pond Athey Presidential Suffrage 1919 Lavinia Engle Mrs. J. H. Richards Ratified November 5, 1919 Augusta Chissell Helen Young Deborah Knox Livingston Julia Emory Elizabeth Ingram Emma Maddox Funck Annette Bowman Laura Gregg Florence Brooks Whitehouse Katharine Reed Balentine historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/ Francena Kellogg Buck view/6259 Kate Felton Gail Laughlin Helen L. Young Kansas www.projects.vassar.edu/1896/suf- frage Defeated 1867, 1894 Passed 1912 Ratified June 16, 1919 Illinois Annie L. Diggs Jane Lilly Brooks Never voted Laura Gregg Presidential Suffrage 1913 Laura M. Johns Mary McLeod Bethune Ratified June 10, 1919 Lucy B. Johnston Antoinette Funk Carrie Langston Florida Elizabeth K. Booth Helen Kimber Ella S. Stewart Catharine A. Hoffman Genevieve Howland Chalkley Never voted Flora Sylvester Cheney Minnie J. Brinstead Ratified May 13, 1969 Grace Wilbur Trout Mary E. Ringrose Mary Nolan www.kshs.org/kansapedia/women-s- Mary A. Safford Julia Clifford Lathrop suffrage/14524 The signs a partial suffrage bill in February, 1917. 10 nwhp.org National Women's History Project

By 1915, women had won enfranchisement in the eleven western states, leading women in the midwest and eastern states to reach out for the torch of freedom, as Hy Mayer suggested in his illustration for Life magazine. New York became the first equal suffrage state east of the in 1917.

Michigan Missouri www.shsmo.org/searchresults.sht ml?cx=002011585713746245898 %3Aancagzvk0d4&cof=FORID%3 Defeated 1874, 1912, 1913 Defeated 1914 A11&q=woman+suffrage&sa=Se Presidential Suffrage 1917 Presidential Suffrage 1919 arch&siteurl=shsmo.org%2Findex. Passed 1918 Ratified July 3, 1919 shtml&ref=&ss=2031j391089j14 Ratified June 10, 1919 Edna Fishel Gellhorn Belle Brotherton Ida Rust Macpherson Francis Minor Montana Mary Eleanora McCoy Kate Richards O’Hare Mrs. Percy J. Farrell Luella St. Clair Moss Passed 1914 Clara B. Arthur Helen Guthrie (Mrs. Walter Ratified August 2, 1919 Katharine Dexter McCormick McNab) Miller Margaret Whittemore Rose O’Neill Belle Fligelman Eva McCall Hamilton Phoebe Couzins Hazel Hunkins Margaret Smith Hathaway Lucile Dyas Topping Margaret Foley Clara Comstock Russell seekingmichigan.org/look/2011/03/08/ Mary E. O’Neill Massachusetts woman-suffrage Mary C. Wheeler Annie K.Dent Ida Auerbach Defeated 1915 Grace Rankin Kinney Ratified June 25, 1919 Mississippi Maria M. Dean Mary Stewart Abigail “Abby” Kelley Foster Never voted Never voted Wellington Rankin Rejected ratification March 29, www.montanawomenshistory.org/ Evelyn Peverley Coe Presidential Suffrage 1919 Ratified September 8, 1919 1920 suffrage/ Florence Luscomb Ratified March 22, 1984 Henry Blackwell Clara Ueland Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin Elizabeth Wood Harrison Belle Kearney Nebraska Emily Gilman Noyes Nellie Nugent Somerville Lily Wilkinson Thompson Ethel Edgerton Hurd Defeated 1882, 1914 Margaret Foley Isabel Lawrence Pauline Orr Annie K. Dent Presidential Suffrage 1917 Maria Sanford Emily Newell Blair Ratified August 2, 1919 Maria Louise Baldwin Jane Grey Swisshelm Allen Thompson Maria Weston Chapman Emily Haskell Bright Hala Hammond Butt Clara Beckwith Colby Nellie Griswold Francis Thomas K. Mellen James Beauchamp “Champ” Henrietta I. Smith Julia Bullard Nelson Robert Campbell Clark Mary Ware Dennett Sarah Burger Stearns Fannie May Witherspoon Jane Thompson Grace Abbott www.collections.mnhs.org/ Estelle Crane Virginia Minor Grace Wheeler Pauline Agassiz Shaw www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/ Sarah Remond MNHistoryMagazine/articles/54/ Florence Weigle Mary Williams Susan Walker Fitzgerald articles/245/mississippi-women-and- Florence Atkinson Harriet S. Brooks v54i07p290-303.pdf r Thomas Wentworth Higginson the-woman-suffrage-amendment Mary Semple Scott Rheta Childe Dor Florence Richardson Usher www.nebraskastudies.org/0700/sto- www.masshist.org/objects/2010july.php ries/0701_0110.html How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 11

Nevada Oklahoma

Defeated 1910 Passed 1914 Passed 1918 Ratified February 7, 1920 Ratified February 28, 1920 Anne Martin Felice Cohn AloysiusLarch-Miller Eliza Cook Adelia C. Stephens Mary Stoddard Doten Kate H. Biggers Sadie Dotson Hurst Mrs. Clarence Henley Mila Tupper Maynard Margaret Rees Frances Slaven Williamson Katherine Pierce Bird May Wilson Julia Woodworth www.nevadawomen.org/Nevada Peter Hanraty Women History Project Ruth A. Gay Mary Crangle Frances Woods http://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/ index.php/OKPolitics/article/view- File/1048/945 Defeated 1903 Ratified September 10, 1919 Abigail “Abby” Hutchinson Armenia Smith White Defeated 1884, 1900, 1906, Suffragists use umbrellas for shade on their decorated parade float in Blair, Nebraska, July 1914. 1908, 1910 Mary Ann Filley Passed 1912 Mary Olive Hunt New Ratified January 13, 1920 Marilla Ricker Abigail Scott Duniway Sarah Whittier Hovey Never voted Florence Kelley Defeated 1912, 1914 Viola Coe www.cowhampshireblog. Ratified February 21, 1920 Presidential Suffrage 1919 Pohl Lovejoy com/2016/11/05/new-hampshire- Isabella Munro Ferguson Ratified June 16, 1919 Hattie Redmond political-heroines-suffragists-elected- Inez Milholland Boissevain Mary Thompson Ella St. Clair Thompson James Lees Laidlaw Belle Sherwin women-and-record-breakers/ New Ellen J. Palen Elizabeth J. Hauser Martha A. Dalton Hampshire political heroines Louisine Havemeyer Elizabeth Craig Deane H. Lindsey Frances Dana Gage Nina Otero Warren Annice Jeffreys Hay Ada Cornish Hertsche Catharine P. Wallace Kate Hall Luema G. Johnson Maud Malone Clara Waldo Margaret Cartright Nettie Rogers Shuler Ann Webster Emma Buckman Rosalie Gardiner Jones Charlotte M. Cartwright newmexicohistory.org/people/wom- Rose Schneiderman ens-suffrage-movement-1915 Sara A. Evans Rose Winslow Lizzy Weeks Vira Boarman Whitehouse www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/ New York rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/wny-womens- woman_suffrage_in_oregon/#. rights-movement WRS4euTrviM Defeated 1915 Passed 1917 Ratified June 16, 1919 Caroline Lexow Never voted Defeated 1915 Caroline M. Severance Ratified May 6, 1971 Ratified June 24, 1919 Catharine Waugh McCulloch Lillian Feickert Anna Dickinson Gertrude Weil Caroline Katzenstein Anna J. Cooper New Jersey Edna Buckman Kearns Hallie Q. Brown Dora Lewis Helen Morris Gertrude Bustill Mossell Walter Clark Harriet Taylor Upton Hannah J. Patterson Defeated 1915 Julia Erwin Florence E. Allen Harriet Purvis, Jr. Ratified February 9, 1920 Kate Pearsall Jennie Bradley Roessing Lillian F. Feickert Susanne Bynum Hannah Cutler Julian Kennedy Mina C. Van Winkle Lillian Exum Clement Jane Hitchcock Jones Lucy K. Miller Portia Gage www.ncpedia.org/women-suffrage Lavinia Lloyd Dock Anna B. Jeffery www.corescholar.libraries.wright.edu Mary D. Hussey North Dakota Louise M. Riley Verona H. Henry Dorothy Frooks Defeated 1914 Elinor Gebhardt Presidential Suffrage 1917 Julia Hurlbut Ratified December 1, 1919 Antoinette Brown Blackwell Clara L. Darrow www.capitalcentury.com/1919 sum- Cora Smith Eaton mary Linda Slaughter Flora Naylor Emma S. Pierce Elizabeth Darrow O’Neil Grace Clendening Elizabeth Preston Anderson ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii- waves-development-1861-1920/ lesson-4-alliances-and-conflicts/ topic-8-suffrage/section-3-woman- suffrage-1912-1920 Oklahoma City suffragists prepare for a Labor Day parade in 1910. Bessie F. Brainard, New York Continued on page 14 12 nwhp.org National Women's History Project The Countdown Has Begun . . . .

August 26, 2020 is the 100th Anniversary of Women Winning the Vote. To recognize and celebrate this historic event, we need to begin today! How to Get Involved th 2. Contact your Secretary of State and ask what Host a Gathering 100 Anniversary of Women your state is doing to celebrate half of the popula- Winning the Vote! tion winning the right to vote. Gather your historical enthusiasts and lovers of wom- 3. Contact your local representatives' offices. Ask en’s history to celebrate the accomplishments of wom- The great achievement of the 20th century - the eman- them to meet with you to discuss plans for cele - en. Whether you host a tea, a luncheon, or a film, there cipation and empowerment of women - calls for rec- brating the Women's Suffrage Centennial. are endless possibilities for collaboration and fun. ognition at the national level. Recognizing the 100th For more ideas visit: Anniversary of women in the United States winning https://suffragistmemorial.wordpress.com/2015/08/16/ the right to vote provides a great opportunity to unite how-to-host-a-suffragist-memorial-party/ our country with patriotic and historical celebrations Hold a Commemorative Tea in every community, state, and in the nation. These The History grand events would honor the 72-year, non-partisan On July 9, 1848 five advocates for women's rights met campaign while recognizing the extraordinary work for tea in Waterloo, New York. From their afternoon of three generations of who worked to en- discussion these women - , Martha sure women's inclusion in our . This celebra- Proclamations: An Important Beginning Wright, Mary Ann McClintock, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, tion recognizing the campaign for women winning Engage your local, state, and national representatives and - would move to action and plan the the vote is a central part of our national heritage. This and ask that they begin with a Proclamation for Wom- Seneca Falls Con- quintessential event is an American Event. en's Equality Day, 2018. This is an easy win and one vention of 1848; Start Now! that can be duplicated each year. (Visit www.nwhp. the first conven- Recruit your friends and family to join you. Begin by org Women’s History All Year section.) You can use this tion for women’s making plans for August 26th this year and build on it as a guide for future years. rights in the United for next year to ensure that by 2020 you have built en- Lobby For Support States. What was thusiasm for an extraordinary event. • Make phone calls, visit, or write letters to local, state once a way for wom- en to gather among Organize a Community Coalition and Congressional representatives. • Write letters to the editor of your local paper and friends, meeting for Contact women's groups, educational organization, tea became an act of equity organizations, community libraries, local histor- include information of on your local suffragists whenever possible. rebellion as women ical society, and museum. Start with something small used this time to educate themselves on the cause and build on the event's success. • Contact local, state, and congressional representa- tives on social media. of suffrage and organize to take action to acquire the vote. Throughout the campaign, women would meet NOW.org Toolkit in their homes, tea rooms, and other public spaces to If you are seeking resources to engage your elected of- join forces. ficials check out the “Raise Your Voice Toolkit.” Although designed for lobbying for the Commemorative Tea Ideas (ERA), the NOW resources can be used for a variety of • Ask women to dress in suffrage colors (purple, gold, issues including the ERA and an Equality Day holiday. and white). • Serve tea, sandwiches & sweets. Go to www.NOW.org https://now.org/wp-content/ • Goodie Bags could include How Women Won the Engage Your Elected Officials uploads/2017/04/Constituent-Engagement-Guide-4. Vote Volume 2 or other Women’s Rights Information. pdf • Post your Tea on social media to inspire and connect 1. Contact your state superintendent of schools Social Media with other celebrations around the country. and ask what the schools will be doing to celebrate Share your story - “Why is it important to celebrate the • Name tables after famous locations or suffragists. the history and success of the Women's Suffrage Women's Suffrage Centennial?” #suffragecentennial • Create biography cards on women suffragists. Movement. #votesforwomen100years #womensequalityday • Invite male supporters. How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 13

Host a Showing of a Suffrage Film The projects found in this section are great ways to Choose a film that highlights the struggles and ac- Visit a Local Museum celebrate the history of suffrage and add to the grow- complishments of the Women’s Suffrage Movement. • Women’s History of California http://womens ing database of information. You don’t need historical Partner with your local college campus theater, or museumca.org/ training to participate. There is so much history to be women’s club to show the film. Invite champions of • National Woman’s Party http://nationalwom uncovered - every effort counts. Women’s History to be part of a panel discussion. ansparty.org/ • National Voting Museum http://nvrmi.com/ Prefer a more intimate gathering? Invite your friends Visit Your Local Archives and Library and family over to view the film and use the discussion Don’t have a local museum to visit? The History questions to hold a lively discussion about Women’s Create a Temporary Museum In truth, the victory of suffrage was a hard won fight voting rights then and now. Partner with local historical societies and education- that was a culmination of actions both big and small, al institutions.to create exhibits displaying informa- that were taken by women in every city, county, and tion on the suffrage movement. The displays can be state in our country. With- housed at your local mall, library, or public entity out the courageous acts that supports women’s history. of countless women, the vote would likely never Collaborate with your local library and bookstores Author’s Corner at have been won. It’s time local bookstore/ that these nameless wom- library en receive the recognition Ask your local that they deserve. Your lo- library to create a cal archive is a great place to discover these women. display that high- Viewing Guide with discussion questions: lights women’s Share Your Discoveries http://ymiclassroom.com/wp-content/up- suffrage How To loads/2015/10/suffragette_kit.pdf for an entire month. • Visit your local archives. • Share your vision with the archives' director and Make It a Local Event Image from http://librarianondisplay.blogspot. staff. They are a great resource. Parades com/2015/03/march-she-believed-she-could-so-she- • Think outside the box; review census data, read The History did.html newspaper articles, look in phone books, scan images. March 3, 1913, Alice Paul organized a parade for suf- Design a Mural • Share your discoveries and the important frage through Washington D.C., one day before the locations in your town with city officials and histori- Work with your local community members, schools, inauguration of President . The pa- cal societies. rade hosted 8,000 participants, nine marching bands, and artist to create a mural that honors the centen- 20 floats, and a performance in front of the Treasury nial of the vote. Create a map of your local suffrage sites. Building. As the marchers approached Pennsylvania • You may want to partner with local schools, histori- Avenue, they were blocked by thousands of spectators cal societies, women’s groups, and tourism boards who were mostly men. The police did not intervene to identify key locations where where rallies, teas, and many marchers were assaulted. Over 100 march- and demonstrations were held in your town. ers were hospitalized. The violent assault of the march- • Once you’ve identified these important, and likely ers received national attention and gained support for unknown locations construct a visual representation the movement. of spots to visit. • Distribute copies of the map through bookstores, How To local libraries, and other businesses that would be • Begin today interested. • Don't worry about starting small • Post it online. • Create a local Centennial Coalition • Identify the best time of year, ie. March, Memorial Scouts Possible Funding Sources • Local Banks Day, Equality Day, etc. The Scouts offers several opportunities to earn • Identify organizations that support Women's History • Local Newspaper a badge related to Women’s History. For more infor- • Bookstore, local business, state libraries, historical • Contact your local planning committee for input mation for your Girl Scout troop or to collaborate • Build on your momentum societies with the Girl Scouts on a project visit https://www. • Sell advertisements on the back of the map girlscouts.org • Tourism Board A great way to get the community involved is to work with your historical society, tourism board, and local volunteers to give tours of your local suffrage sites. Historical Societies Ask what they have planned for the 2020 Centen- nial. Recruit their participation in a coalition.

Everyday Historians Keep Informed and Stay Involved The 2020 Women’s Vote Centennial Initiative The National Women’s History Project really started (WVCI) is the central organizing and information as an "everyday historian” project where supporters website for programs, projects, and activities for traveled throughout the nation uncovering and re- commemorating the Women's Suffrage Centen- For more step-by-step directions try this link: discovering photographs, documents, and historical nial, which will provide information and resources https://festivalsandevents.com/festival-planning/ artifacts that expanded our understanding of the to educate the public on the legal and social Parades.shtml historical impact of women. We encourage you to advances resulting from the amendment, and to continue this legacy by becoming an "everyday his- Short on Time? stimulate dialogue to address the ongoing fight torian." Contribute findings and projects to the Votes For your local parade, create a Women’s Suffrage float for women’s rights. https://www.2020centennial. for Women National Trail. www.ncwhs.org/index. and decorate with suffrage colors and dress like iconic org/about suffragists. php/projects/trails/293-votes-for-women-trail 14 nwhp.org National Women's History Project

Continued from Page 11 Annette Finnigan Sarah Pugh Mary Eleanor Brackenridge Margaretta Forten Never voted www.tshaonline.org/handbook/on- Mary Munford Wilmer Atkinson Rejected ratification January line/articles/viw01 Jane Porter Barrett Eliza Turner 28, 1920 encyclopediavirginia.org/Woman_Suf- Lucy Anthony Ratified July 1, 1969 frage_in_Virginia Woman Suffrage James Mott Utah in Virginia Robert Purvis Angelina Grimke Anita Politzer Hanna Whitall Smith Became a state with equal Virginia Durant Young www.jstor.org/ suffrage 1896 Margaret Vale (Mrs. George stable/1011990?seq=1#page_scan_ Ratified October 2, 1919 tab_contents Howe) Mrs. John Gary Evans Emmeline B. Wells Hannah Hemphill Coleman Emily S. Richards Harriet Powe Lynch Sarah M. Kimball Mrs. E. S. Durant Clarissa Smith Williams Charlotta Rollin Elizabeth A. Hayward Helen E. Vaughan Mrs. Clesson S. Kinney Sarah Grimke Hannah Lapish Mary Shields Pyle Susan Pringle Frost Lydia Alder www.statehousereport. Beulah Storrs Lewis com/2015/02/13/womens-suffrage-in- Tennessee Eliza R. Snow south-carolina/ www.historytogo.utah.gov/utah_ chapters/statehood_and_the_pro- Never voted gressive_era/womenssuffrageinutah. South Dakota Presidential Suffrage 1919 html Ratified August 18, 1920 Defeated 1890, 1898, 1910, Emma Smith DeVoe 1914, 1916 Sara Algeo Passed 1918 Catherine Talty Kenny Ratified December 4, 1919 Harry T. Burn Washington J. Frankie Pierce Anna R. Simmons Emma A. Cramer Eleanore McCormack Defeated 1889, 1898 Defeated 1887 Lydia B. Johnson Sara Barnwell Elliott Passed 1910 Presidential Suffrage 1917 Mary Shields Pyle Lizzie Crozier-French Ratified March 22, 1920 Ratified January 6, 1920 Emma deVoe Elizabeth Avery Meriwether Bertha Knight Landes Mildred Glines Philena Everett Johnson Lide Meriwether Cora Smith Eaton Bertha Higgins Della Robinson King Katherine Burch Warner Emma Smith DeVoe Rose Bower Adella Parker www.sdhspress.com/journal/ Sara Algeo www.tennesseeencyclopedia.net/ Margaret Bayne Annie Peck south-dakota-history-13-3/woman- entry.php?rec=1528 May Arkwright Hutton Sophia Little suffrage-in-south-dakota-the-final- Mrs. Homer M. Hill Esther Abelson decade-1911-1920/vol-13-no-3- Missouri Hanna Mary E. Jackson woman-suffrage-in-south-dakota.pdf" www.washingtonhistory.org/research/ Frances H. Whipple \t "_blank" sdhspress.com whc/milestones/suffrage/ Paulina Wright Davis www.rihs.org/mssinv/mss021.htm Emmeline B. Wells

Vermont

Never voted Ratified February 8, 1921 Clarina Nichols Lucinda Stone Lon J. C. Daniels Fanny B. Fletcher Amanda Seaver Grace Sherwood Laura Moore Anne Dallas Dudley Carolyn Scott Annette W. Parmelee Texas www.vermonthistory.org/research/ Suffagists leaflet men on a streetcar, probably in New Jersey in 1915. research-resources-online/green- May Arkwright Hutton mountain-chronicles/women-get-the- Never voted From the 1912 suffrage campaign in Kansas Passed Primary Suffrage 1918 vote-1920 Defeated 1919 West Virginia he treasurer reported $37.50 received as membership fees, Ratified June 28, 1919 Virginia Tand $100, as a gift from Mrs. Catt. This was a small sum to Christia Adair begin a campaign for about 500,000 votes, but all hearts were Jane McCallum Defeated 1916 Ratified , 1920 filled with courage. . . . Jovita Idar de Juarez Never voted Harriet B. Jones “With votes as with most of the dollars – they were not coming Rejected ratification February unsought, and in order to make sure of them they must be looked Helen Moore Lenna Lowe Yost 12, 1920 Jessie G. Manley for in their own habitat. This the women did on horseback, in Annette Finnigan Ratified February 21, 1952 Marie Ames wagons, carriages, steam cars and automobiles. They were found Elizabeth Finnigan Elizabeth Herndon Potter Addie Waites Hunton Mrs. John L. Ruhl in the shops, offices and stores, at the fairs, conventions and J. H. Kirkpatrick Lila Meade Valentine Jesse A. Blotch Chautauquas, at the theater and the circus, on the farms and the Marie B. Fenwick Maud Jamison highways, at the fireside and in the streets.” Kate Hunter Anna Whitehead Bodeker – The History of Woman Suffrage, 6/200 Edith Hinkle League Adele Clark How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 15

Ada James Washington D.C. Alaska Hawaii Belle Case LaFollette Carrie Horton Passed 1913 Became a state with equal Fola LaFollette Abby Scott Baker Became a state with equal suffrage, 1959 Gwendolen Brown Willis Belva Lockwood suffrage, 1959 Rosalie Keli’inoi Coralie Franklin Cook Wilhelmina Widemann Dowsett Mathilde Franziska Anneke Daisy Lampkin Emma Nawahi Ellen Spencer Mussey Emma Ahuena Taylor Emma Bascom Mrs. Harry Baldwin Meta Berger Helen Hamilton Gardener Emma Metcalf Beckley Nakuina Marion Dudley Josephine Bruce www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansov- Theodora Winton Youmans ereignty/HanifinCitizen2001draft.html digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WIReader/ WER0124-1.html

Wyoming Beulah Boyd Ritchie

Became a state with equal Eudora Ramsey suffrage 1890 Flora Williams Ratified January 27, 1920 Gale Eibert Beulah Boyd Ritchie Louisa Swain Irene Bullard Amalia Post Helen Brandeburg www.wvculture.org/history/jour- Theresa Jenkins William Bright nal_wvh/wvh49-8.html Jesse A. Black John Campbell Esther Hobart Morris Arthur Glendinning Shoup Wisconsin Mary Atkinson www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/ Earnest B. Collins Nannie Helen Burroughs Jessie Bloom right-choice-wrong-reasons-- Jeannette Drury Clark Defeated 1912 women-win-right-vote Charlotte Forten, Sr. www.akhistorycourse.org/governing- Presidential Suffrage 1919 alaska/the-territory-of-alaska Ratified June 10, 1919 Nannie Helen Burroughs Minnie & Jack Dowsett Nina Evans Allender Sara Andrews Spencer

VISIT THE WEB STORE AT WWW.NWHP.ORG 16 nwhp.org National Women's History Project

Live links for above: Hardback, Paperback, E-book & Audio Book | Available on Amazon, B&N, Audible, Itunes Audio Book Narrated by Robin Weigert (‘Calamity Jane’ / HBO’s Deadwood) | www.kondazian.com

NEW YORK The Project is preparing centennial resources and a North Dakota Continued from Page 5 digital map of suffrage sites with the National Votes for Women Trail. Contact Randolph Hollingsworth at the The Women's Network will build some of its 2020 The NYC Parks Department has approved our statue of University of Kentucky at [email protected]. See more at: programming through its popular Feminist First Fridays, suffrage pioneers Stanton and Anthony for location in http://networks.h-net.org/kywomansuffrage. which happen monthly at eight locations around the Central Park. Presently, the Statue Fund is focusing on state. These groups plan to purchase children's books a major fundraising drive to match the $500,000 Chal- about suffrage and schedule readings at local elementary lenge Grant from New York Life Insurance Company. schools, after which the books will be donated to the Access our Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram pages as school libraries. www.ndwomen.org. well media reports on our project from our website: www.monumentalwomen.org.

The Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Woman Suffrage Movement Monument will honor all Maine those responsible for the largest nonviolent revolution in American history. As part of the design, the statue The Maine State Museum will open an exhibit on will include the names of other women whose work Maine's ratification of the 19th Amendment in March was invaluable to winning the vote. A major education- 2019, and a bill will soon be introduced to establish a al campaign will begin with the unveiling on August commission to coordinate Maine's suffrage centennial Members of the Frankfort, Kentucky, Women Suffrage 26, 2020 to tell the complete, compelling, and complex celebrations. Already, supporters are encouraging the Centennial Celebration Organization produced “Women & women’s suffrage story. Maine Humanities Council to target small grants toward the Vote: The Long Path to the Goal” in September, 2017. helping historical societies and libraries plan 2020 activities.

Kentucky Anne Gass, one of several descendants who have South Dakota written about their suffragist ancestors, does author The Kentucky Woman Suffrage Project (KWSP) talks on her book, Voting Down the Rose: for Woman is leading the 2020 state-wide effort with parades, The Rapid City AAUW plans to "soft launch" its 2020 Suffrage. Anne, who is running for state representa- exhibits, reenactments, monuments, documentaries, programming in March 2019 with a Sally Roesch Wag- tive in 2018, reports that, “Maine's a big state with a plays and scholarly conferences all in the works for ner talk at the local Humanities Festival of Books. The relatively small population (1.3 million) and not a lot of 2019 and 2020. The website, www.kentuckywoman- official kickoff will follow in December with a celebra- suffrage awareness. So we're doing the best we can with suffrageproject.org, serves as a clearing house for local tion of the state's ratification of the 19th Amendment. few resources.” Anne also does suffrage presentations and statewide suffrage events. KWSP also uses social A full range of activities are being scheduled, with a and promotes a Women's History Speakers Bureau to media to connect and inform people: facebook.com/ second major commemoration set for August 26, 2020. bring this story to high school students. Contact her at KYwomansuffrage and Twitter @kywomansuffrage. [email protected], and visit www.florencebrook- swhitehouse.com. How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 17

Tennessee overseeing the updating of resources developed origi- nally for their state suffrage centennial. The Washing- Women in Tennessee have been active for years and ton State Archives has updated a poster created for that have set a high bar for the rest of the nation. The centennial. Visit http://www.washingtonhistory.org/ Tennessee Woman Suffrage Centennial Collabora- research/whc/ tive has assembled an impressive list of Collaborative Partners and is preparing for the 100th anniversary of women’s right to vote by creating resources, planning Arizona

AZ Celebrates the 19th Amendment is a non-profit organization dedicated to honoring the women of the suffrage, feminist and civil rights movements, and inspiring women to get involved in the political process and leadership roles. Unveiling the Hyattsville, MD, suffrage highway marker. AZ Celebrates the 19th Amendment hosts a grand celebration event every year on Equality Day, August Minnesota 26th. Dedicated committee members put together a program of well-known speakers, highlight women who The Minnesota League of Women Voters, the Minne- are running for office and elected officials with a Parade sota Women’s Consortium, and Zeta Phi Beta are meet- of Runners, and provide tabling, networking, music and ing with legislators about submitting a bill establishing a dessert reception. a Minnesota state commission. A group of volunteers is also focused on raising awareness of the state’s ratifica- tion centennial in September 2019. Minnesota was the th events and a teacher’s workshop, honoring their state’s 15 state to ratify, passing the legislation in a special history, and erecting statues of notable suffragists, http:// session on September 8, 1919. Contact Tom Mortenson www.mtsuhistpres.org/tennessee-woman-suffrage- at [email protected]. centennial-collaborative. A privately funded Tennessee Woman Suffrage Monument was unveiled on August 26, 2016, in Nashville’s Centennial Park, tnsuffragemon- ument.org, and ten years earlier, the Suffrage Coalition Montana erected another life-size, bronze statue featuring three Tennessee suffragists at Market Square Mall. Legislator Montana Women’s History offers great resources Harry Burn and his Febb are next to be honored including an idea sheet on how to celebrate women’s with a statue at Market Square in Knoxville, http://suf- history in your state. Women’s History Matters is a fragecoalition.org/burn-memorial. project of the Montana Historical Association. http:// montanawomenshistory.org/how-to-celebrate/.

The event has grown to over 600+ attendees in only Illinois three years and members are excited to be working toward an epic 100th Anniversary Event in 2020. Cel- ebrate with your friends and Arkansas representatives In Illinois, several projects are underway for the 2020 on August 26th. Suffrage Anniversary. The Evanston Women’s History Project, House Museum, and Shore- Visit AZCelebrates19thAmendment on Facebook front Legacy Center have created the first annual Tour Evanston Women’s History Map. The 2018 map will highlight fifteen women’s history sites throughout Evan-

ston and will provide a fun, informative and relevant summer activity for self-guided walking, biking and Pennsylvania driving tours.

Maryland Researchers are also working on documenting Illinois women who were involved with the National American Women legislators (above) in Maryland created the Woman Suffrage Association for the Women and Social Commission on the Commemoration of the 100th Movements website, and are collecting site-specific Anniversary of the Passage of the 19th Amendment information for the National Collaborative for Women’s History Sites' Votes for Women Trail. We have also to the U.S. Constitution in 2013 to commemorate the Vision 2020 is a national women’s equality coalition formed a committee with the League of Women Voters events that occurred in Maryland. Members and volun- operating out of Drexel University in . of Illinois to begin planning for a statewide commemo- teers have since inventoried suffrage sites, developed Throughout the suffrage centennial year, Vision 2020 ration of the anniversary that will include many other a strategy to encourage tourism, and fostered collabo- will host Women 100 to illuminate the historical contri- partners. Visit http://evanstonwomen.org. ration between federal, state, county and municipal butions of women and set the agenda for the 21st cen- organizations around the centennial. tury. The centennial will be celebrated through several ______events in Philadelphia and beyond in 2020, including: On March 3, 2018, Maryland unveiled a new high- way marker which recognizes the women from across Washington • An interactive women’s history exhibit the nation to Congress who gathered in Hyattsville on July 31, 1913. Filling 60 automobiles, suffragists mo- The Washington state legislature has just created a • A caravan to transport a copy of the Declaration of tored to the capital and delivered petitions demanding Women's Commission to prepare for the 2020 centen- Sentiments from Seneca Falls, New York, to Phila- the immediate action to the Senate. nial. The Washington Women’s History Consortium is delphia, Pennsylvania 18 nwhp.org National Women's History Project

• A voting competition among the states to turn out a passage of the 19th Amendment. It contains short articles record number of women in the 2020 national elec on various aspects of the Suffrage Movement, biogra- tions, plus phies of key figures, guiding questions, lesson plans, and • Forums and panel discussions, concerts, art exhibi primary sources. Visit CrusadeForTheVote.org. Addi- tions and more. tional resources will be added. Every year, Vision 2020 hosts a National Congress The NWHM also sponsored a nationwide study involving delegates and allies from every state, a Toast to find out what teachers are teaching. Now, they are to Tenacity on Women’s Equality Day, and a HERstory preparing helpful student/teacher resources to increase scavenger hunt that inspires girls and boys to find the visibility of women in the classrooms. Learn more at underrepresented stories of women. http://drexel.edu/ www.womenshistory.org/social-studies-standards. The vision2020/ and https://equalityinsight.wordpress.com/. NWHM is also launching a feasibility study for an Vision2020 has also posted a Educator’s Guide online to innovative suffrage traveling multimedia exhibit using help K-12 educators address women’s equality. augmented reality technology to inspire students and young adults. Learn more at www.womenshistory.org/ suffrage-centennial-traveling-exhibit.

The One Woman, One Vote Film Festival will cel- Missouri ebrate the Centennial of American women winning the right to vote and the power of each woman's voice to The Missouri History Museum will feature a 2020 National suffrage leader Rev. Anna elevate the voices of all. A coalition of women in the exhibit titled "We Demand: Groundbreaking St. Louis Howard Shaw, National Portrait Gallery film industry is planning the festival to showcase Women" from April 4, 2020-May 9, 2021. The League of Women Voters and Public Library in St. Louis, Mis- souri, restaged the great “walkless” parade in September The Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Mon- 2016. The commemoration featured a parade, awards ument, nps.gov/bepa/index.htm, is the closest thing yet and a Celebrate the Vote Festival, www.celebratethev- to a museum on American suffragists, complete with otefestival.com. marble busts, paintings, and historic heirlooms. Most belong to the National Woman’s Party, www.Nation- alWomansParty.org, formed during the suffrage move- ment and housed in the same building. In May 2018, the NWP started a Centennial Book Michigan Talk Series in partnership with East City Bookshop. The series will offer talks by women’s equality authors bi- Amy Elliott Bragg is visiting the graves of Michigan monthly and will also announce a big event around June women who fought for voting rights. Blog: nighttrain- 2019, so keep in touch. todetroit.com/2016/11/23/two-weeks-nearly-40-suffrag- The NWP and the produced an ists-later/ Activity Book on How to Be a Junior Suffragist: www. nps.gov/nama/learn/kidsyouth/upload/BEPA_Junior_ Suffragist_Book.pdf.

The National Portrait Gallery is creating an exhibi- documentaries, features, and new media about women's tion, “Votes for Women: An American Awakening, rights and influence in politics, business, arts, culture, 1840-1920,” which will be on view in Washington, science, and more. The Festival will launch in March D.C. from March 1, 2019 to January 5, 2020. A compre- 2020 in Washington, D.C and selected films will travel hensive history of the American Suffrage Movement, nationwide. the exhibition will feature approximately 105 objects including portraits of the influential leaders along with significant ephemeral culture such as suffrage posters, The Congressional Commission formed to study the banners, photographs, postcards and more. The exhibi- potential for an American Museum for Women’s His- tion will be accompanied by a fully-illustrated catalogue tory in 2016 called for the creation of a pan-institutional featuring scholarly essays. Smithsonian Women’s History Initiative. The idea is to hire and place women’s history curators in key muse- ums throughout the Smithsonian’s family of museums The Newseum, also in the capital, has created an online and support exhibits showcasing American women’s exhibit utilizing their historic newspaper collection en- contributions to our country’s story. The goal of the titled, “Women, Their Rights and Nothing Less: The First Initiative is to build momentum and grassroots support Amendment and the Women’s Suffrage Movement, new- for constructing a permanent museum in a prominent seumed.org/collection/womens-suffrage-edcollection. location in the Capital. https://support.si.edu/site/SPa- Washington D.C. geNavigator/womenshistory.html/womenshistory.

The capital is paying attention to the upcoming cente- Non-governmental organizations are also laying plans nial, with representatives of federal institutions already to recognize this historic anniversary. Stay up to date planning and meeting together. Institutions including the with the League of Women Voters, lwv.org, American National Archives archives.gov, Library of Congress Association of University Women, aauw.org, and other loc.gov, National Portrait Gallery npg.si.edu, National longstanding and newly formed groups focused on Discover American Women’s History Park Service nps.gov, the Smithsonian americanhistory. women as well as those focused on American history, si.edu/ and others are developing plans for displays and democracy and the Constitution. “Discover American Women’s History Online” is exhibitions related to the suffrage centennial. Check out a fabulous resource on suffrage and many other top- their individual websites for updates. ics maintained by Ken Middleton at Middle Tennessee In addition, institutions like the Library of Con- The National Women’s History Museum, www.nwhm. State University's Walker Library. Includes excellent gress and the National Archives have excellent online org, has created an educational online resource center links to a wide variety of collections. digital.mtsu.edu/ resources available including original documents, lesson that highlights key aspects of how women won the right cdm/search/collection/women/searchterm/suffrage/ plans, photographs, and exhibits on the women’s rights to vote. “Crusade for the Vote” examines the women’s mode/all/order/nosort/page/1. movement. right movement from the early Republic era through the

How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 19

Women and Social Movements our country to tell the untold story of suffrage for all Turning Point in the United States women, of all ethnicities. We currently have 32 State Suffragist Memorial Association Coordinators and over 750 sites on our database. Women and Social Movements in the United States, Turning Point Suffragist Memorial Association is the online subscription journal and database, http:// raising funds to build a national women’s suffrage womhist.alexanderstreet.com, accessible through many memorial near Washington D.C. The park-like site will libraries, is creating an Online Biographical Dictionary commemorate the millions of suffragists who fought for of the Woman Suffrage Movement. Volunteers are writ- more than seven decades to win the vote for American ing brief sketches of more than 2,500 suffragists active women. Turning Point's mission is “to educate, inspire with the National American Woman Suffrage Associa- and empower present and future generations to remain tion between 1900 and 1920. The goal is to have the vigilant in the quest for equal rights.” A leadership In- Dictionary ready for 2020. stitute for girls is also planned. The memorial dedication The WSM is looking for individuals interested in re- will coincide with the centennial anniversary of ratifi- searching and writing one or more biographical sketches cation of the 19th Amendment in August 2020. www. (roughly 500 words) and faculty members interested suffragistmemorial.org. in having their students prepare biographical sketches. The Association is seeking sympathetic individuals

Our academic advisors will review and copyedit. Project to join our National Board and represent Turning Point Director Tom Dublin will arrange for the publication on in their respective states. Turning Point is a non-profit the website and will give author credit to all writers. He Our goal is 1,000 by the end of 2018. Our database has already led efforts to document black suffragists and will then become a mobile-friendly website that will be members of the National Woman’s Party. The Bio- searchable and accessible to all. Join us and research graphical Dictionary will be made publicly accessible in sites related to suffragists in your area and enter your September 2018. If you are interested, please send an data (instructions can also be found at this link). http:// email to [email protected]. ncwhs.org/index.php/projects/trails/293-votes-for- women-trail#help. The Collaborative is also working

with the Pomeroy Foundation to install suffrage-related roadside markers at historic sites throughout the coun-

try. Suggestions? Email: [email protected]. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Virtual Reality Tour

In 2017, the biography of women’s rights pioneer Boston Women’s Heritage Trail Elizabeth Cady Stanton became a free Google virtual institution and naming rights in the memorial park are reality Expedition. It was created by Coline Jenkins, “Remember the ladies,” stated in 1776. available. Contact Pat Wirth at pwirth@suffragistmemo- Stanton’s great-great granddaughter, and Debra Kolsrud In the two centuries since, neither John Adams nor rial.org. Also check out their “Suffragist of the Month.” to share Stanton’s legacy and inspire social justice activ- generations of men that followed did much to remem- They will publish a special issue in April 2019. ism today. To access the “Elizabeth Cady Stanton and ber or commemorate the numerous women who helped http://suffrageandthemedia.org/. Another useful site is Women’s Rights” tour, log in to a current gmail ac- mold the New Republic, even in Boston. This began to https://www.cliohistory.org/click/. count, search for “Google Expeditions,” and download change when a group of teachers, librarians and students the free app (not available for laptops). brainstormed and inaugurated the Boston Women’s Heritage Trail in 1989. We have continued to restore women to their rightful place by uncovering, chroni- cling and disseminating information about the women who have made lasting contributions to the City of Answers to the ERA TEST (from page 21) Boston. Our talks and neighborhoods trails are avail- able on our website and by smart phone app. A printed 1. False. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was designed to trail guide can also be ordered, http://bwht.org. guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regard- less of sex.

2. False. Although the Supreme Court has extended some pro- Additional Resources tection against sex discrimination under the 14th amendment, There is much more available on the it is not the same robust protection extended to other forms women’s suffrage movement than ever of discrimination such as race discrimination. Moreover, be- th before. Search and you will find. The cause the 14 does not explicitly ensure equality, some

National Women’s History Project conservative Supreme Court justices, such as former Justice (www.nwhp.org) offers many resources Antonin Scalia, read the current Constitution as providing no Cardboard V-R boxes are available for purchase so online, including a 32-page list of books students can view the tour as “explorers” while the protection whatsoever against sex discrimination. by and about suffragists, films, products, state links and teacher reads aloud the text (see photo) as “guide” suffragists’ names, How Women Won the Vote, Addi- th for the downloaded tours. This You Tube video is 3. True. The Madison Amendment - the 27 Amendment -was tional Print and Online Woman Suffrage Resources. about Google Expeditions: https://www.youtube.com/ ratified in 1992, 203 years after it was first introduced, thus set- watch?v=UuceLtGjDWY. Here is a link for download- ting the precedent that ratification can occur many years after Volume 1 of this Gazette is also online, http://www. ing the free app: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/expedi- nwhp.org/wp-content/uploads/gazette_How-Women- an amendment is introduced. ERA Unfinished Business from tions/id1131711060. Won-Vote-.pdf. Information from an earlier Gazette, Alice Paul (see https://youtu.be/5dyWVGyn8Bs) Women Win the Vote, is available along with short

biographies of 75 suffragists, a timeline, article, history 4. True. ERA Fact sheet from 2012 poll for Daily Kos and SEIU and more at http://mith.umd.edu/WomensStudies/Read- found that 91% of Americans believed men and women should

ingRoom/History/Vote.html. have equal rights affirmed by the Constitution. National Votes for Women Trail American Journalism, A Journal of Media History, 5. True. ERA Fact sheet opinion poll found that 72% of Ameri- The National Votes for Women Trail, a grassroots has created a very interesting Women’s Suffrage and cans believed that the Constitution already guaranteed equal project of the National Collaborative for Women’s His- the Media “database and resource site” full of leads to protection to men and women. tory Sites, ncwhs.org , is identifying sites from all over multi-media primary and secondary sources. 20 nwhp.org National Women's History Project ERA on the Move The ERA: Suffragists' Unfinished Work

1923, coming on the heels of the opposition, led by Phyllis Schlafly ply the 1982 deadline. Supporters of Without explicit constitu Inratification of theth 19 Amend- halted forward progress. Fears of the the “3-state strategy” analogize to the ment and women finally winning the ERA wreaking havoc on the notion of tional protection, the history of the 27th Amendment which right to vote, Alice Paul, Crystal East- “traditional” family values, convinced rights of women are at the set conditions for congressional pay man and others at the National Wom- enough people to end their support mercy of any given politi- raises. Although first proposed by an’s Party came together to draft an for the amendment and along with it, cal climate, as sex equality Congress in 1789, it was not ratified Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the constitutional protection for women. statutes such as Title IX by the requisite number of states Constitution that would broadly pro- Deadline Extended until 203 years later in 1992. In con- hibit discrimination on the basis of or the Equal Pay Act can trast, the ERA ratification period of 36 sex. The Amendment, then known as As the 70s came to a close, 35 states be changed by the Con- years likely meets the Supreme Court the Lucretia Mott Amendment, read ratified the amendment within the gress at any time or weakly requirement of a “sufficiently con- “Men and women shall have equal deadline imposed by Congress. The enforced by presidential temporaneous” consensus. Another rights throughout the United States ratification deadline would later be administrations that are hurdle is the fact that several states and every place subject to its jurisdic- extended to 1982 but no additional have since rescinded their ratification tion.” Alice Paul subsequently rewrote states ratified by then and thus the hostile to women’s equality. of the ERA. However, it is unclear if the ERA to model the language of the amendment did not receive the req- such actions are legally binding. Now, 15th and 19th Amendments: “Equal- uisite 38 states needed for ratification Ensuring that women’s rights with- more than ever, the ERA needs our ity of Rights under the law shall not and never actually became part of the stand the ebb and flow of politics, the support. Constitution. ratification of the ERA is a necessary be denied or abridged by the United The power of social media has addition to the Constitution. States or by any State on account of 14th Amendment proven to be quite effective in recent sex”. Unfortunately, Paul and East- Nevada Ratification years. Facebook, in particular, has al- man’s zeal for wasn’t Many people today believe that the Constitution fully protects from gen- During the decades following the lowed diverse groups, spread across supported politically and it would be geographical areas to stay informed years before the amendment would der discrimination either under the original fervor for ratification, the fight th of which states are drafting legislation garner support nationally. 14 amendment or the ERA amend- for ratification of the ERA continued ment. However, the ERA was never in some states that did not ratify it. in support of the ERA. Between 1940 and 1972, ratified and, although the Supreme Then, in 2017, Nevada’s ratification of Court has extended some protection the ERA breathed new hope into the As we’ve seen with the the ratification of the ERA against sex discrimination under the movement. Illinois has just passed the amendment would be 14th amendment, it is not the same ro- ERA becoming the 37th State. Only Women’s March and the placed on both the Demo bust protection extended to prohibit one more is needed to meet the 3⁄4 #metoo movement, there cratic and Republican plat- other forms of discrimination such as majority needed to amend the Con- is much that can be ac- forms when the two parties race discrimination. stitution. Several other states includ- complished when we come believed the ERA could elicit ing Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, together to bring about and Arizona have seen a great deal th change. We encourage you the female vote in support Moreover, because the 14 of activity around the ERA. This excit- of their party. does not explicitly ensure ing development means that the long to stay informed regarding gender equality, some con- fought for ratification may be finally the progress of the ERA, servative Supreme Court be reached. as well as, share with your During the 1970s, a new wave of sup- family and friends all the port for the ERA moved the amend- justices, such as former Jus- Uncertain Future ment through the House and the Sen- tice Antonin Scalia, read the Once 38 states have ratified the benefits that come with ate by huge majorities and was signed current Constitution as ERA, then as Jen Deaderick, who is ratifying this much needed in 1972 by President Nixon. Several providing no protection writing a new book on the history of amendment. states maneuvered to be the first to whatsoever against sex the Equal Right Amendment and the ratify the amendment and in the end founded the Equal Rights Amend- Hawaii would earn that distinction. discrimination. ment Facebook page says, “ then the JOIN the EFFORT From there, one state after another fun would start.” Congress would then www.eracoalition.org ratified the amendment until fierce need to overturn or retroactively ap- How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 21 Can You Name These ERA Supporters? ERA CHRONOLOGY

1920 The 19th Amendment is ratified

1923 Alice Paul drafted the ERA and introduced it to Congress

1923-1971 The ERA is presented during Congressional sessions, but never voted on

1972 ERA passed by the necessary 2/3 votes in the House and Senate and Endorsed by President Nixon Answers in bottom right column. Photo: Jo Freeman www.jofreeman.com 1972-1977 35 of the necessary 38 states had ratified the ERA

Amending the Constitution is Complicated Business 1977 National Women's Conference - First Ladies Lobby for ERA

1978 Congress expands ERA dead- “I never doubted that equal rights was the right line for three years. President Carter direction. Most reforms, most problems are com- signs the extension into law 1982 The date for ratification estab- plicated. But to me there is nothing complicated lished by Congress expired. about ordinary equality.” -Alice Paul 2017 January Women's March 2017 #metoo went viral and Times' Up Movement received global Test Your ERA Knowledge attention 1. The ERA would benefit only women. T or F 2017 Nevada becomes the 36th State to ratify the ERA 2. The Era is unnecessary because women are already protected by the 14th 2017-2020 A coalition of equality Amendment. T or F organizations works to secure the 3. If three more states ratify the ERA, it could stand up in court because of the ratification of the ERA deadline issued for ratification. T or F 2018 Illinois Senate passes the ERA 4. In 2012, 91% of Americans believed that men and women should have (still needs passage in IL House.) equal rights affirmed by the Constitution.T or F 5. In 2001, an opinion poll stated 72% of Americans believed the Constitu- ERA SUPPORTERS (From left to right) tion already guaranteed equal protection to men and women. T or F Congresswoman Bella Answers on Page 19 Abzug (D, NY), First Lady The Equal Rights Amendment website is a project of the Alice Paul , Former Institute (API) whose mission is to increase public awareness of Alice First Ladies and Paul (1885-1977), and to promote the empowerment of young women equalrightsamendment.org Lady Bird Johnson, Lynda leaders. This website offers information on “ Equal Rights Amend- Johnson Robb, Mia Ange- ment: Unfinished Business” and other ERA resources. lou, and Equal Means Equal by Jessica Neuwirth In her book, Equal Means Equal, Jessica Neuwirth highlights why the ERA is so imperative for securing equal rights for women. Through the topics of pay equity, pregnancy discrimination and it becomes evident that until the ERA is amended, women will not know true equality under the law.

ERA The NOW Foundation focuses on a broad range of women’s rights issues. Visit their website for Social Media toolkits and up-to-date information on TOOLKITS the ERA and other women’s rights issues. @NOW.org 22 Women’s History Resource Catalog Nevertheless She Persisted The 72-year campaign to secure voting rights for women is the quintessential definition ofNevertheless She Persisted. Three generations of Americans working from generation to generation with strength, tenacity and courage overcoming great obstacles to be able to win the right for women in the United States to be able to vote.

Nevertheless She Persisted Stickers 20 full-colored, gold foiled stickers 2"x 2" $6.99 Product # 2030 2018 Women's History Poster celebrating the theme and Honorees. 18" x 24" $8.95 #2021 azette G Volume 6 00 00 00 00$1 azette Nevertheless She Persisted Bookmarks Logo on front and 2018 Honorees listed on back $1$1$1 2014 G Volume 6 2014 G azette istory Volume 6 H istory 2014 azette HHistory 2014istory Project G History Volume 6 omen’sWomen’sWomen’sWomen’sAomen’s GazetteA Gazette From From the Nationalthe National H Women’sistory Women’s History History Project Project2014 Gazette 2"x 8" 25 per pack $3.99 #2019 W A Gazette From the National Women’s H W A Gazette From the National Women’s History Project Volume 6 20142014 2014 2014 2014 A Gazette From the National Women’s History Project 2018 Women's History Gazette 20-page newspaper focuses on the 2018 theme, and NWHP Honorees. Excellent for events or classroom. 25 copies for $10 #2025 Nevertheless She Persisted Lapel Pin Full color on white cloisonné. Military clutch fastener. 1" Square Made in USA Gift Boxed $8.95 #2020 Neverthless Phone Wallet Blue silicon/white Imprint. Double Pouch. Adhesive on back 2.5"w x 4"h $3.99 #2019

NOTECARDS Your Persistence is Inspiring A card to send throughout the year to honor friends and family. 6 cards 5"x7" with envelopes, Suffrage Quote Notes Gift box $8.95 #2032 Inspirational quotes by six different feminists with brief bio and photo of the person are on the back. Our History is Our Strength Notecards. Design based on the 2 each of 6 designs 5" x 7" 12 notecards with National Women's History Project's logo. 6 cards 5" x 7" with envelopes, Gift box $19.00 #2031 envelopes Gift box $8.95 #1034

Women's Equality Day Kits August 26th 2018 Women's Equality Day Program Kit Celebrating Women and Democracy Kit #2029 $39.95 #0100 $39.95 Woman Suffrage Poster key indi- Exclusive NWHP Women's Equality viduals and events of the 72-year Day Poster campaign to win the vote. Printed in 18" x 24" #0298 $5.98 the suffrage colors of purple, white, How Women Won the Vote Power and gold. #0902 18" x 24" $4.98 Point. Exciting 15-20 minute Power- Celebrate Women Bookmarks 7"x 2" Point CD presentation with 44 im- #7980 $2.98 Featuring: ages with script that emphasizes the , , grit and determination of American , Yoshiko Unchida, suffragists winning the right to vote. #5158 $14.95 Writing Women Back into History 2018 Women's History Poster Banner with Celebrating Women & celebrating the 2018 theme Democracy sticker. Paper banner is and honorees 18" x 24" #2021 $8.95 11" x 34" #0938 $5.95 25 Women's Equality Day Book- Celebrating Women & Democracy marks 8"x 2" #0298 $5.95 15-minute speech/PowerPoint using All items are available individually examples of how Mankiller, Huerta, Everything you need for an edu- 12 Women's Equality Day Balloons Roosevelt, Unchida and Jordan en- cational, entertaining and red and blue with Women's Equality Votes for Women Balloons - Metal- couraged freedom and justice for all. successful Women's Equality Day Day logo #7923 $4.95 lic gold balloons represent balloons #0103 $12.95 Program in one convenient kit. used by the suffragist of the early 19th Women's Equality Day electronic This kit makes it easy to present Celebrating Women & Democracy logo #0913 $10.00 century. 12 balloons #1033 $5.95 an informative program at your electronic logo $10.00 workplace, community group, How Women Won the Vote Gazette Celebrating Women Winning the (sent via email) Vote Poster - This classic image com- or civic organization. #1006 memorates the passage of the 19th How Women Won the Vote Gazette All items in this kit are available 24-Page Newspaper 25 copies for Amendment to the US Constitution. #2022 20-page newspaper individually $10.00 18" by 24" #1033 $5.95 25 Copies for $10.00

Visit our webstore at www.nwhp.org for full descriptions and images of these materials and many more. 707-636-2888 Women’s History Resource Catalog 23 Celebrate the Historic Anniversary of Women in the United States Winning the Right to Vote on August 26th

"Failure is Impossible" bracelet NWHP Heritage Pin 2020 CENTENNIAL LAPEL PIN Susan B. Anthony ended NWHP logo pin. 2020 is the 100th anniversary of women in the Unit- her last public speech with Synthetic cloisonné ed States winning the right to vote. the belief that when people Five enamel colors Thousand have already begun orga- of good heart and purpose nizing celebrations at the local, state Clutch attachment. work together — and national level. Wear this pin to “Failure is Impossible.” .5" x 1.25" encourage others to begin to plan Gift boxed for this historic event. 1.25" Polished Nickel-Plated Cuff Made in USA. #0853 $14.95 Union made, gift-boxed with display Bracelet 6-5/8" x 1/2" Debossed with purple color fill. Gift box with card. #2112 $5.95 quotation information. #2323 $15.95

POSTERS GENERATIONS: Votes for Women CA Women Win the Vote American Women Win the Vote Equality Timeline Poster Set For 72 years, genera- Upbeat 20-minute Includes the his- tions of women from video with archival tory, personalities, every state, race and photos, newsreels, art & foundation fought for live action & music. of civil rights here the right to vote, cul- Gr. 7 - Adult DVD & throughout the minating with victory #0540 $29.95 world. 39-min. DVD in Tennessee 12 min #8888 $39.95 #0000 $29.95 DVD'S & BOOKS The Perfect 36:Tennessee Marching with Aunt Susan: DeliversWoman Suffrage Susan B. Anthony and the Fight for Women's Suffrage Yellin and Sherman bring to life Beautifully illustrated with the struggle of suffragists to earn full-color gouache paintings women the right to vote which cul- and oversize format. minated with the final vote needed 38 Pages Gr. K-3 for ratification in the legislature. #1483 $16.95 Paperback160 Pgs. #0036 $24.95 Votes for Women Poster The Patriotic Embodiment of Women's History

"We Can Do It!" Poster #0101 Authentic WWII Poster During World War II, the images of Living the Legacy Poster strong and capable "Rosie the Riveter" encouraged millions of women to help with the war effort. 18" x 24" $4.98 Rosie the Riveter #6519 A close look at that moment in history when women were in high demand for every imaginable kind of work. Told with dozens of personal accounts, photographs and illustrations. 120 pgs., paper, Gr. 5-12 $11.99 California artist Bertha Margaret Boyé created this award-winning poster of a western suffragist before the Golden Gate with the setting sun behind her. The campaign poster was displayed throughout San Francsico just before the successful October 10, 1911 election that enfranchised the women of California. 1911 * California Woman Suffrage Centennial * 2011

Printing donated by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA. Image used with permission from The , Radcliffe Institute, . Reprinted from “Winning the Vote: The Triumph of the American Woman Suffrage Movement” (www.AmericanGraphicPress.com). Available from the National Women’s History Project (707) 636-2888 or www.nwhp.org. Rosie Water Bottle #1493 Votes for Women #0840 20-ounce aluminum water bottle 7.25" tall x 3" wide. $9.95

Award-winning design was created by Betha Boye when Rosie Note Cards #1910 California became the 6th Pack of 6 with yellow envelopes 5" x 7 " Gift box $9.95 The poster features dozens of buttons state to enfranchise women. from different types of campaigns and After that victory, the poster Rosie Lunch Box #1528 five photo collages depicting some of design was used in countless (7.5” x 6”x 4”) $10.95 the ways we are "living the legacy" of woman suffrage campaigns. Magnet #1517 women's rights today. 20" x 28" "Living Poster size14.5" x 24" Together We Can Do It the Legacy" Poster #8901 $4.98 #0840 $4.98 2" x 3" $5.00

Visit our webstore at www.nwhp.org for full descriptions and images of these materials and many more. 707-636-2888 How Women Won the Vote nwhp.org 24

Winning the Vote: The Triumph of the American Woman Suffrage Movement Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr.

Winning the Vote presents the whole story, from Seneca Falls to Ratification, from Susan B. Anthony to Alice Paul – including Lucy Stone and Anna Howard Shaw and Ida B. Wells and John Braly and many more. Over 75 leading suffragists are pictured and profiled, and hundreds of photographs and illustrations, many in full color, make the vibrant movement come alive. Winning the Vote is an elegant, oversize clothbound treasure with 496 pages, nearly one thousand images, and an easy to follow text that makes women’s great victory accessible to all ages. The book was named one of the “5 Best Books” on the suffrage movement by The Journal. It has won rave reviews from scholars, activists, and readers like K.D. in Ohio who just wrote, “Winning the Vote is just beautiful – a sumptuous pleasure to look through and read.” Order your copy today and consider donating copies to local schools and libraries to prepare for the upcoming suffrage centennial. ORDER TODAY FROM NWHP.ORG

1 - 3 copies are $49.95 4 or more copies are $30.00 each Go to the www.nwhp.org web store 707-636-2888 email: [email protected] Visit AmericanGraphicPress.com for reviews and more information.

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“First Woman” Celebrates Women’s Growing Participation in Government

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First Woman includes:  What if Americans Had Elected a Woman President? ORDER TODAY!

 Women Moving History Forward Your price per booklet  1-4 $12.00 The First  Winning Civil Rights for Women 10-24 $6 50+ $3 On October 8, 1991, seven Democratic Congresswomen helped bring national  Changing a Nation’s Attitude When you pay $3 per booklet your attention to the issue of during the confirmation hearing for organization can sell the booklets for  Writing Women Back into History $14.95 or more and raise $600+ for for the Supreme Court. Following the controversial hearing, your cause. a record number of women ran for public office, which resulted in five women 48 pages, illustrated, 8 ½ x 11” softbound Go to the www.nwhp.org web winning seats in the Senate and 24 winning seats in the House. store or call (707) 636-2888