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Konstruksi Berita Perkosaan Reynhard Sinaga Di Tirto Dan Tribunnews

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Konstruksi Berita Perkosaan Reynhard Sinaga Di Tirto Dan Tribunnews Jurnal Interaksi : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 5. No. 1, Januari 2021, hlm 62 - 77 Doi: 10.30596/interaksi.v5i1.5347 Article Submitted: 14 Oktober 2020, Revised: 17 Desember 2020, Accepted: 09 Januari 2021 Konstruksi Berita Perkosaan Reynhard Sinaga Di Tirto Dan Tribunnews Sakhnaz Rizki Amelia Aftrinanda*, Fajar Junaedi Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia *e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This research departs from a phenomenon that is in the spotlight in early 2020, namely about rape involving Reynhard Sinaga, an Indonesian citizen who is in the UK. It was reported that the rape was the largest rape case in the UK. Tirto and Tribunnews, two of Indonesia's leading online media outlets that reported on the rape case committed by Reynhard Sinaga in abundant portions with the title of the click bait. This research was conducted by qualitative framing analysis method using a library study approach. The analytical methods used in this research is framing of William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani. The result of the study shows different framing. Tirto framing show Reynhard Sinaga rape case was not related to his background as homosexual. But, in Tribunnews framing, Reynhard Sinaga criminal case was related to his sexual orientation as homosexual. Tribunnews framing show Reynhard Sinaga rape case background related to his private life. For Tirto, the most important thing is to protect eye witness and victim. Click bait in online digital has been common in Tribunnews, not in Tirto. It means Tribunnews try to get attention from audience by using click bait. Keywords: Framing Analysis, Sexual Abuse, Reynhard Sinaga, Tirto, Tribunnews ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dimulai dari kejadian yang menjadi perhatian pada permulaan tahun 2020, yaitu mengenai pemerkosaan yang menyeret nama Reynhard Sinaga, warga negara Indonesia yang berada di Inggris. Diinformasikan bahwa pemerkosaan yang dilakukan tersebut merupakan kasus pemerkosaan terbesar di Inggris. Tirto dan Tribunnews, dua media daring terkemuka di Indonesia yang memberitakan kasus perkosaan yang dilakukan Reynhard Sinaga dalam porsi yang berlimpah dengan judul yang umpan klik. Riset ini menggunakan metode analisis framing kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah framing dari William A. Gamson dan Andre Modigliani. Temuan riset ini menunjukan adanya perbedaan bingkai antara kedua media. Tirto membingkai kasus yang dilakukan Reynhard Sinaga berkaitan dengan latar belakang seksualnya sebagai homoseksual. Sedangkan Tribunnews justru membingkai kasus ini karena dilatarbelakangi orientasi seksual pelaku. Tribunnews bahkan membingkai kasus perkosaan yang dilakukan Reynhard Sinaga berkaitan dengan kehidupan pribadinya. Sebaliknya Tirto justru mendepankan bingkai bahwa saksi dan korban perlu mendapat perlindungan. Framing Tribunnews ini memperlihatkan fenomena umpan klik untuk meraih kunjungan pembaca yang tinggi, demi mendapatkan iklan. Kata kunci : Analisis Framing, Kekerasan Seksual, Reynhard Sinaga, Tirto, Tribunnews Pendahuluan mengkonstruksi realitas berdasarkan versi Media dianggap sebagai institusi yang mereka sendiri. Kellner mengungkapkan kuat dalam memengaruhi opini dan pikiran bahwa media membantu bagaimana publik publik terkait isu tertentu. Media juga melihat dunia dan mengevaluasi nilai baik E-ISSN: 2580-6955 Publisher : UMSU Press 63 Jurnal Interaksi : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi | Volume: 5 | Nomor: 1 | Edisi Januari 2021 | hlm 62 - 77 dan buruk, positif, dan negatif (Hilde & 200 orang dan divonis seumur hidup oleh Kellner, 1996). pengadilan Inggris telah ditangkap sejak Pada hakikatnya media massa 2017. Akan tetapi media Inggris baru mempunyai peran sebagai penghantar dalam mengungkap kasusnya setelah hukuman menyebarkan beragam pengetahuan, diputuskan pada penghujung Desember 2019. melakukan aktivitas di area publik yang dapat Di Indonesia, fenomena orientasi dijangkau anggota masyarakat secara seksual sesama jenis saja sudah terbuka, leluasa, umum, dan mudah, serta dianggap sebagai suatu bentuk interaksi antara pengirim dan penerima setara penyimpangan, apalagi kasus berupa dan sama, juga dapat merengkuh lebih banyak pemerkosaan terhadap sesama jenis. orang daripada institusi lainnya (McQuail, Meskipun kejadiannya di luar negeri, yakni 2010). Inggris, tetapi pelaku pelecehan seksual itu Seiring dengan perkembangan adalah Reynhard Sinaga, seorang Warga teknologi, internet membangun peluang Negara Indonesia (WNI) sehingga kasus penyajian berita yang bersifat daring atau tersebut menjadi berita yang sangat viral di dikenal dengan online. Situs berita daring saat Indonesia, bahkan menghebohkan dunia ini didominasi oleh pembaca karena karena diduga korbannya berjumlah ratusan. kemudahan, kecepatan akses, dan dekat Kasus Reynhard Sinaga ini akhirnya marak dengan pembaca, yang merupakan korelasi diberitakan oleh media massa di Indonesia, logis dari kemajuan teknologi komunikasi. mulai dari media cetak, media elektronik, Pada awal bulan Januari 2020, hingga media daring. Menurut pengamatan Indonesia menjadi pembicaraan di kancah peneliti lebih dari satu pekan, media daring internasional dengan adanya berita perkosaan membahas kasus ini dengan menggunakan di Inggris yang pelakunya merupakan seorang diksi yang multitafsir. mahasiswa doktoral asal Indonesia, Reynhard Sementara itu di Indonesia, yang Sinaga. Kedua negara ramai memberitakan seharusnya membuat produk jurnalistik kasus ini. Pengadilan Inggris mengemukakan informatif, kritis, dan edukatif dengan bahwa ini merupakan kasus pemerkosaan ketentuan dari Kode Etik Jurnalistik yang oleh perseorangan terbesar dalam sejarah mengharuskan produk jurnalistik seimbang dunia berdasarkan banyaknya korban. dan faktual, banyak berita malah berbias Kronologi pemerkosaan berlangsung dan gender dan victim blaming yang menambah tahapan pengadilan dijelaskan dengan detail buruk perspektif masyarakat terhadap para oleh media Inggris, salah satunya BBC. penyintas. Reynhard yang terbukti memperkosa hampir E-ISSN: 2580-6955 Publisher : UMSU Press Sakhnaz. R. A. A, Fajar. J I Konstruksi Berita Perkosaan Reynhard…. 64 Penelitian Ayu Erivah Rossy dan dilakukan oleh Muji Rahayu dan Herlina Umaimah Wahid di media daring Detik.com Agustin menunjukkan bahwa Tirto adalah menunjukkan pada dasarnya berita perkosaan media yang memiliki perhatian tentang isu lebih menekankan unsur fakta dan informasi. kekerasan seksual. Penelitian keduanya Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil yang menunjukan bahwa Tirto menjadikan berita didapatkan bahwa penulisan tema kronologis tentang hal ini menjadi relevan untuk disorot tindak perkosaan yang terjadi mendominasi karena isu ini menjadi isu yang krusial di dalam pemberitaan perkosaan di media ini. Indonesia. Selain itu, Tirto adalah media Tema kronologis dimaksudkan untuk berbasis analisis media dan data yang menjelaskan atau menceritakan dengan detil menggunakan sumber-sumber dengan tindak pemerkosaan, yang menunjukan kredibilitas tinggi (Rahayu & Agustin, 2019). masalah kesenjangan relasi kuasa antara laki- Sejurus dengan penelitian di atas, penelitian laki dengan perempuan (Rossy & Wahid, ini juga mengangkat konstruksi pemberitaan 2016). media tentang kekerasan seksual. Bedanya Dengan mengetik keyword Reynhard Muji Rahayu dan Herlina Agustin meneliti Sinaga di mesin pencari internet, maka berita tentang kekerasan seksual artikel-artikel yang keluar dari media heteroseksual yang dialami oleh perempuan, Indonesia sebagian besar bersifat clickbait sedangkan penelitian ini adalah kasus yang menyelidiki hal-hal di luar konteks perkosaan yang terjadi dalam ranah orientasi kasus perkosaan, dari mulai “selfie ganteng”, homoseksual. gawai yang dimiliki, hingga rumah baru Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh I Gusti orang tuanya. Ayu Sri Hartari, Ni Made Ras Amanda Perkara ini pun diinterpretasi secara Gelgel, dan Ni Luh Ramaswati Purnawan beragam oleh sejumlah media daring mengungkapkan bahwa Tribunnews.com Indonesia, diantaranya adalah Tirto dan merupakan media online terpopuler dengan Tribunnews. Peneliti memilih portal berita jumlah pengunjung terbanyak. Tribunnews Tirto sebagai obyek penelitian dikarenakan mempunyai kemampuan pemberitaan yang untuk kategori media yang masih baru dan cepat dan segar karena ditunjang oleh 28 muda, Tirto dapat menduduki posisi yang Tribun network dan dengan nyaris 500 populer di Indonesia. Dalam penghitungan wartawan dan. Ini memberikan kapasitas bagi ranking situs internet Alexa menyebutkan Tribunnews dalam menampilkan informasi bahwa Tirto ada di peringkat ke-52 sebagai secara aktual dan menjadi media daring website atau situs yang kerap dikunjungi dengan banyak pengunjung. Penelitian warga Indonesia. Menurut penelitian yang mereka menunjukan bahwa dalam berita E-ISSN: 2580-6955 Publisher : UMSU Press 65 Jurnal Interaksi : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi | Volume: 5 | Nomor: 1 | Edisi Januari 2021 | hlm 62 - 77 kekerasan seksual Tribunnews.com memiliki Untuk menganalisis suatu berita, secara kecenderungan menggunakan pilihan kata garis besar dapat dilakukan dengan analisis yang berbias pada penulisan berita kekerasan teks (termasuk analisis framing) dan wacana seksual (Hartari et al., 2018) kritis. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan Semenjak kasus Reynhard Sinaga analisis framing yang termasuk ke dalam menjadi perbincangan, Tribunnews menjadi paradigma konstruktivisme. Proses framing portal berita daring yang banyak menjadikan media massa sebagai forum memberitakan kasus tersebut. Namun berita- dimana informasi tentang masalah tertentu
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