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JOM FISIP Vol. 8: Edisi I Januari-Juni 2021 Page 1 ANALISIS FRAMING PEMBERITAAN KASUS REYNHARD SINAGA (STUDI KOMPARATIF MEDIA ONLINE BBC.COM INDONESIA DAN KOMPAS.COM) Oleh : Wulan Shonya Saputri Email : [email protected] Pembimbing: Dr. Belli Nasution, S.IP, MA Konsentrasi Jurnalistik - Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau Kampus Bina Widya, Jl. HR. Subrantas KM 12,5 Simp. Baru, Pekanbaru 28293 Telp/Fax. 0761-63277 Abstract Mass media coverage in early 2020 was enlivened by news of cases of rape and sexual assault against men by Reynhard Sinaga in Manchester, England. This case has quickly caught the attention of the public since the news was published on January 6, 2020. This research focuses on the analysis of differences in news framing conducted by the online media BBC.com Indonesia and Kompas.com. The purpose of this research is to identify and describe the framing of the news presented by BBC.com Indonesia and Kompas.com by using the social media reality construction theory. This study used a qualitative approach with the Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki framing analysis. The object of this research is the text of the Reynhard Sinaga case news on BBC.com Indonesia and Kompas.com which are selected based on news published on the same day, and have relevant titles, topics and headlines between BBC.com Indonesia and Kompas.com. The selected news ranges from January 6, 2020 - January 9, 2020. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, documentation and literature study. The results showed that the online media BBC.com Indonesia, as the media that first focused on the Reynhard Sinaga case, generally has a frame that tends to view the news of the Reynhard Sinaga case as the biggest case of sexual violence in British history. The way BBC.com Indonesia presents the facts of this case seems very open and independent, it can be seen from the explicit statements that are often found in the news texts. The source presented by BBC.com Indonesia is also felt to be supportive in emphasizing the facts of the Reynhard case as the biggest rape case in British history. Meanwhile, Kompas.com saw this incident as an important opportunity to report this case to the public, considering that this case was quite surprising and attracted the attention of many parties. The use of language and writing information in Reynhard Sinaga's news is packaged straightforwardly and carefully. Kompas.com, in its reporting, tries to be as objective as possible in presenting facts related to the Reynhard case, by releasing data from international online media such as The Guardian and the BBC. Keywords : Framing, News, Construction, Reynhard Sinaga JOM FISIP Vol. 8: Edisi I Januari-Juni 2021 Page 1 PENDAHULUAN penjara seumur hidup atas perbuatannya Awal tahun 2020, masyarakat (Kompas.com, 2020). Indonesia dikejutkan dengan berita Media massa di tanah air pun turut kasus pemerkosaan dan serangan berbondong-bondong memberitakan seksual terhadap pria, yang dilakukan kasus pemerkosaan dan serangan oleh Reynhard Sinaga di Manchester, seksual tersebut. Seperti dilansir dari Inggris (Kompas.com, 2020). Kasus BBC.com Indonesia, Reynhard Sinaga Reynhard dengan cepat menarik disebut sebagai predator seksual setan perhatian khalayak sejak beritanya karena kasusnya yang disebut-sebut diterbitkan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi sebagai kasus pemerkosa berantai awal penulis, penulis menemukan nama terbesar dalam sejarah Inggris. Situs Reynhard Sinaga dengan cepat BBC Indonesia memberitakan bahwa menduduki trending topik di media Reynhard dihukum seumur hidup oleh sosial twitter dengan jumlah cuitan pengadilan Manchester, Inggris dengan hampir mencapai 100 ribu cuitan pada dakwaan 159 kasus pemerkosaan dan tanggal 6 Januari 2020, di hari yang serangan seksual terhadap 48 korban sama dengan terbitnya berita Reynhard pria, selama rentang waktu dua setengah Sinaga di media online. Munculnya tahun dari 1 Januari 2015 hingga Juni tanggapan yang begitu luar biasa dari 2017 (BBC.com Indonesia, 2020). masyarakat terhadap kasus Reynhard, Kasus Reynhard Sinaga sendiri tidak terlepas dari peran media massa. dianggap mencoreng nama Indonesia, Media mempengaruhi hampir seluruh bahkan pihak istana kepresidenan aspek kehidupan masyarakat, media menyayangkan kasus pemerkosaan tidak hanya menyediakan hiburan yang dilakukan Reynhard. Tindakan melainkan informasi-informasi penting Reynhard tersebut telah mencoreng untuk masyarakat (Biagi, 2013: 5). wajah Indonesia yang kental dengan Nama Reynhard Sinaga pun turut adab ketimuran. Sekretaris kabinet menjadi headline di beberapa media Pramono Anung menegaskan bahwa massa ternama di Inggris. Sejumlah pemerintah Indonesia menghormati media Inggris menggambarkan proses peradilan yang dilakukan Reynhard Sinaga sebagai pemerkosa pengadilan Manchester terhadap berantai terbesar di Inggris. Seperti Reynhard. Pemerintah juga sangat koran Daily Mail yang menggambarkan prihatin terhadap kondisi psikologis Reynhard sebagai “monster” yang korban pemerkosaan Reyhard melakukan serangan seksual terhadap (Liputan6.com, 2020). setidaknya 190 pria setelah membius Berkaitan dengan kasus Reynhard mereka. Sedangkan The Mirror, Sinaga, pemberitaan media massa mengutip seorang perempuan yang sangat berperan aktif dalam mengenal Reynhard mengatakan bahwa menyampaikan setiap perkembangan Reynhard narsistik dan naif. Media dari kasus ini. Hingga Desember 2020 Inggris lainnya, Koran Metro kasus Reynhard Sinaga masih menjadi menuliskan judul berbunyi "195 perhatian bagi media massa untuk Victims of World's Worst Rapist" (195 membahasnya, dan tak sedikit media Korban dari Pemerkosa Terburuk di online yang menjadikan berita ini Dunia). Metro menyebut Reynhard sebagai headline/sajian utama. Salah sebagai monster dan dijatuhi hukuman satu media online yang gencar JOM FISIP Vol. 8: Edisi I Januari-Juni 2021 Page 2 memberitakan kasus Reynhard Sinaga fenomena kemanusiaan di Al-Aqsa yaitu BBC.com Indonesia dan periode 20-23 Juli 2017. Hasil dari Kompas.com. penelitian tersebut menyatakan bahwa Dalam penelitian ini, penulis setiap media membawa ideologi yang memilih media online BBC.com tidak jauh-jauh dari kebijakan negara Indonesia karena berdasarkan hasil asalnya dan tidak menutup observasi yang telah penulis lakukan kemungkinan bahwa adanya dan menemukan bahwa BBC Indonesia keberpihakan media sesuai dengan adalah media online pertama yang negara asal media tersebut (Siswanti, menyorot dan menerbitkan berita 2019). Sedangkan pada penelitian Rico Reynhard Sinaga di Indonesia Fathur Nur Rohman dan Nurul Hasfi, (BBC.com Indonesia, 2020). Sedangkan Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Kompas.com dalam pemberitaannya, Reynhard Sinaga Pada Media Online terkait kasus Reynhard Sinaga, media Tribunnews, menunjukkan Kebijakan online Kompas.com aktif memberitakan yang dilakukan oleh Tribun ketika Reynhard dan tercatat menampilkan memberitakan Reynhard, terpengaruh hingga ratusan berita (Kompas.com, oleh kebijakan redaksionalnya, serta 2020). Salah satu jurnalis Kompas melihat mayoritas penduduk Indonesia Aiman Witjaksono, dalam program beragama muslim. Di mana akan Tribun AIMAN juga turut melakukan akan kesulitan mencari pembaca jika kunjungan langsung ke Manchester, menerapkan sisi netralitas di dalam Inggris untuk mendapatkan gambaran pemberitaan tersebut (Rico Fathur Nur detail dan fakta-fakta terkait kasus ini. Rohman, 2020). (Kompas.com, 2020). Penulis memilih Penulis tertarik untuk mengalisa untuk melakukan studi komparatif pada pemberitaan mengenai kasus kedua media online tersebut karena pemerkosaan Reynhard Sinaga di media kedua media ini merupakan salah satu online BBC.com Indonesia dan media online yang memiliki jumlah Kompas.com dengan menggunakan pembaca yang banyak dan menyebar di analisis framing. Framing adalah seluruh Indonesia. Dilansir dari data pendekatan untuk mengetahui website www.statshow.com pada bulan bagaimana perspektif atau cara pandang Agustus 2020, Kompas memiliki daily suatu media dalam menyeleksi isu dan visitors (pengunjung harian) mencapai menulis berita. Model framing yang 2.976.197 daily visitors dan BBC penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan 2.606.112 daily visitors adalah menggunakan model framing (statshow, 2020). Zhongdang Pan dan Gerald M. Kosicki Dalam penelitian ini penulis (Eriyanto, 2002). Teori yang penulis melakukan studi komparatif di media gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah online terkait kasus Reynhard Sinaga di teori konstruksi realitas sosial media media online BBC.com dan massa untuk melihat konstruksi yang Kompas.com untuk melihat bagaimana dibangun oleh media online BBC.com perbedaan framing kedua media online Indonesia dan Kompas.com terkait tersebut dalam memberitakan kasus pemberitaan kasus Reynhard Sinaga. Reynhard Sinaga. Seperti pada Proses konstruksinya dilihat dari penelitian sejenis terdahulu yang perspektif teori Berger & Luckmann dilakukan oleh Netty Siswanti, analisis yang berlangsung melalui interaksi framing media: studi komparatif media sosial yang dialektis dari tiga bentuk online “CNN” dan “Kompas” terkait realitas yang menjadi entry concept, JOM FISIP Vol. 8: Edisi I Januari-Juni 2021 Page 3 yakni subjective reality, symbolic realty kuantitas berita terkait Reynhard Sinaga dan objective Realty (Bungin, 2007). di masing-masing media online terkait, Adapun fokus pemberitaan yang di mana pada BBC.com Indonesia akan diteliti yaitu hanya pada terdapat 18 berita sedangkan pada pemberitaan mengenai kasus Kompas.com terdapat kurang lebih pemerkosaan dan pelecehan seksual ratusan berita. Dengan
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