DOCSLIB.ORG

Pollination of Socratea Exorrhiza

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pollination of Socratea Exorrhiza 29 PRINCIPES lVoL. 64 Principes,2g(2), I985, PP. 64-71 Pollination of Socrateaexorrhiza and Iriartea ventncosa ANonrw HnNlrnsoN New York' NY IO45B The New York Botanical Gard'en, Bronx' and pollination of the genera' although ABSTRACT B"lloik (l98l) reported that in Costa Rica and Inflorescence morphology, development' u"lyt":: Socratea d,urissima was Protogynous (Mart') H' A' Werdl' ui.itorc of Socratea'exoriiiza beetle pollinated, and Iriartea giganLeo uentricosaMart' were observed in u-nd Iriorr"o *., protund.ous and bee pollinated' The .orth"r. Venezuela. Beetle and bee pollination' of the present study was to hves- respectivelY,were found' The taxonomic significance o,rroor" pollen in relation to "f itr" r"."t,. is discussed. Floral anatomy, iig"i" poUittution syndromes are morphology, and the role of peduncular bracts taxonomy. considered. Materialsand Methods ResuurN The studysite was the Cerrode Ia Ne- e insectos v;sitantes La morfologia, el desarrollo' blina Expedition's base camp, situated exorrhiza (Matt') -at d" la, itflo.e.Jetcias de Socratea Grande on the Mart' fueron the mouih of the Caffon i. .t. W"tat. y lriartea aentricosa Polinizaci6n por DePartmento Rio ob.".t"d". "t "l ,n. de Venezuela' Rio Mawarinuma, respectiva- Ven- "."urubuio. y abejas fue encontrada' Nesro. Territorio Federal Amazonas' los resultados es -""t". E'f .ignifi"u"o taxon6mico de ""o""lu (00"50'N; 66"10'W)' The altitude floral, morfologia del polen' y el air"",iat. Aiatomia was 140 m. Both sPecies were common ;" las bricteas pedunculares es considerado' ;;J in seasonally-flooded forest along the river (Figs. 1,2i. Inflorescence morphology' The neotropical iriarteoid major group development, and insect vrsltors were of palms is divided into two alliances Ld between 15 FebruarY and 13 (Moore lg73).The lriartea alliancecon- obr"rl March 1984. Palms, or adjacent obser- ,irt, o{ four genera, Socratea, Iriartea' vation trees, were climbed using climbing Iriartella, ^rrd'Di"tyo"oryum' It has been spikes (Ets Lacoste. 24160 Excideuil' susgestedthat the differencesbetween taxa F'rance). Herbarium specimens of each in"ihis alliance are insufficientto merit sDecieswere collected, and are deposited senericseparation. Macbride (I960) con- in NY u.ta VEN. A photographic record lid"r"d thit Sotratea-lriartea' and lriar- of inflorescence development was made' tella wete so alike that they should be (1965' Representative specimens ol Lnsecl vtst- united in one genus.Wessels Boer tors were preserved in alcohol' i972) also thought that the generawere little different, and reduced all four mem- bers of the alliance to a single genus' Socrateaexorrhiza: Iriartea. Moore (1963) disagreed with tnflorescence MorPhology' Macbride, and emphasizedthat there were DeveloPment,and sienificant differences which would be lnsectVisitors obscuredbY such a reduction' The inflorescence consists of a pedun- Until now little was known concernmg cle, up to 35 cm long and 5 cm diam', inflorescence morphology, development' HENDERSON:POLLINATION 65 .il Neblina' Socratea exorrhiza growing along the Rio Mawarinuma near Cerro de La PRINCIPES [Vor. 29 3. Inflorescence btd of Socratea exorrhiza after 2, Iriartea oentricosagrowing along the Rio leaf abscission. Mawarinumanear Cerro de La Neblina. and oval in cross-section,and coveredwith light stisma. Peduncle, rachis, rachillae, brown trichomes. The peduncle bears a floie.t are all ivory-colored. buds elongate prophyll and five thin peduncular bracts, Developinginflorescence leaf- i""gi"g from l0 cm to 60 cm long. The vertically within their enclosing is only appar- t""hitl. approximately15 cm long, and sheaths,and the lowest bud of the crown- bears up to I5 unbranched rachillae, each ent as a swelling at the base dies its sheath 30-40 cm long, covered with translucent shaft. When the lowest leaf the bud and trichomes. The rachillae are densely cov- splits from the base opposite vertical, dorsi- ered with triads of a central pistillate and a-bscises.This reveals the bud. It is two lateral staminate flowers, except for ventrally compressed,lanceolate by its the distal l0 cm which bear only stami- tightly enclosedat this time Prophyll The bud nate flowers. On some inflorescencesthe und hn" peduncular bracts. position for the distal 10 cm is separatedby a short sec- remains in this state and abscission(Fig' tion of rachillae, 2 cm long, which bears next 48 hours after leaf are closely no flowers at all. Staminate flowers have 3). Inside the bud the rachillae staminate and a 3-lobed calyx, the lobes are 2 mm long, pressedtogether, but both Flow- and three free waxy petals, l0 mm long' pi"tilut" flowers are fullv developed- interlock with Stamen number ranges from 65 in prox- irt ott adjacent rachillae have their imal flowers to 17 in distal flowers. Pistil- each other. Staminate flowers bv internal late flowers have three imbricate sepals, petalspushed apart and "oCl"d are clearly 4 mm long, and three imbricate petals, 5 p."t.*", so that tle stamens have their mm long, and a short, sessile 3Jobed visible (Fig. 4). Pistillate flowers HENDERSON:POLLINATION [: J I":4' ir.r* during day Inflorescence bud of Socratea exorrhiza wilh 5. Inflorescence of Socratea exorrhiza are : -ncular bracts removed. Note stigmas of pistillate between pistillate and staminate anthesis. Beetles :orvers just visible between staminate flowers. crawling over flowers. .rmas exserted, so that they are just vis- inflorescence, and crawl into the center e projecting between their two lateral among the rachillae, through the opening .minate flowers (Fig. ). Stigmas at this formed by the bracts. These Coleoptera r:re are white and covered with glistening were mostly Nitidulidae and Curculioni- :,rjections, and are presumably recep- dae. On one inflorescence,at 0900, the followingwere collected: of the 48 Towards the second evening 2450 Phyllotrox sp. ur vertical period the peduncle begins (Curculionidae, Derelomini) nightfall bend through 180o, so that by 4700 Mystrops spp. :.e bud lies parallel to the trunk, pointing (Nitidulidae) 2, possibly3, species ,rrn. The prophyll and three Proximal L45 Phloeonomussp. :acts split abaxially as the peduncle (Staphylinidae,Omaliinae) while the rnds, and remain erect, Unknown genus -'maining two distal bracts still enclose (Staphylinidae,Aleocharinae) the peduncle does, :.e bud. fhe bendlng of Numerousmites Rftinoseiussp. r\r€v€r' cause these remaining two bracts (Acari, Gamasina,Ascidae) , separate partially from the peduncle, :,us forming an entrance to the rachillae By morning the remaining two bracts have rd pistillate flowers at anthesis. Also at fallen from the inflorescence.During the :iis time the inflorescence gives off a following day the rachillae stay closely :rusty, fruity odor. During the following bunched(Fig. 5). Stigmasare brown and .:sht numerous Coleoptera arrive on the no longer receptive. The beetles contin- PRINCIPES [Vor 29 up to 60 rachillae, each uP to 120 cm lone. and densely covered with woolly tri- "ho"-".. The proximal ten rachillaebifur- cate at their junction with the rachis (Fig' 6). The rachillae bear spirally arranged tiiads of a central pistillate and two lateral staminateflowers, except for the distal 20 cm which bear only staminate flowers' Staminate flowers have three free sepals, 2 mm long, and three free Petals, 5 mm Ions. Stamen number ranges from 1l to l3]Pistillate flowers have three imbricate seoals.2 mm long. and three imbricate oeials. 4 mm long, and three sessilestig- inas. Peduncle,rachis, rachillae, and flow- ers are all ivorY-colored. Immature inflorescence buds are enclosed by the crownshaft at first, but most of their developmenttakes place free from the leaf sheath, and the small buds are clearly visible on the trunk' They elongate horizontally at first, eventually ",lrrrtg downwards(Fig. 2). The prophyll 6. Inflorescence oI Iriartea uentricosa s}rowrng and l4 peduncular bracts are deciduous, bifurcated rachillae. trichomes. and staminate flowers falling proximally from the peduncle as it at anthesis. "lorre"ut"t. When the last bract falls, the ,ach"illaebecome visible, and hang straight trunk. At this time ually crawl over the inflorescence' appar- down parallel to the begins. No particular entiy eating the trichomes on the rachil- staminate anthesis opening was apparent, lae.-Numeious small flies and bees also pattern of flower flowers were randomly visit the inflorescence during the day' Sta- iut rather, open inflorescence' Only one minate anthesis takes place the following dispersedon the opened at any one time' night, starting with those flowers inside the flo*er per triad in sticky yellow masses' inflorescence. By early next morning most Pollen was shed adhered to the rachilla staminate flowers have fallen, and all bee- and often these anthesiscontinued tles have left. trichomes. Staminate for a period of at least ten days, although lriarteaventricosa: indiviiual flowers were short-lived, and Inflorescence Morphology' quickly fell from the inflorescence'During DeveloPment'and this time numerousbees, belongingto a lnsectVisitors soeciesof Trigona. were observed col- fiom the anthers'Other less The inflorescenceconsists of a pedun- lecting pollen visitors were halictid bees,vespid cle, up to 30 cm long and 7 cm diam', f."qnJtt syrphid flies. Pistillate anthesis round in cross-section,and densely cov- wasps,and all staminate florsershad fall- ered with short brown trichomes' The beean after flowers became receptive pedunclebears a prophyll and 14^woody "rrl l.,diuiduul and dropped the inflo- peduncularbracts, ranging f1o1-9 cm.to sequentially, -from '230 Pistillate anthe- "* long, and 5 mm thick' The rachis ,"r""n"" if not pollinated. for at least fir-e davs' Bees is approximately 25 cm long, and bears sis continued rB5l HENDERSON:POLLINATION 69 rf the same species of Trigona wete case of Socratea and,Iriartea the differ- ,teerved visiting inflorescencesat pistil- ences appear major rather than minor. ;te anthesis,but in fewer numbers. Two other aspectsof thesepalms should also be considered in relation to pollina- tion; pollen morphology and floral anat- Discussion omy. Thanikaimoni (1970) described Correlation of inflorescence morphol- Socratea exonhiza.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplementary Information For
    Supplementary Information for Indigenous knowledge networks in the face of global change Rodrigo Cámara-Leret, Miguel A. Fortuna & Jordi Bascompte Rodrigo Cámara-Leret Email: [email protected] This PDF file includes: Supplementary text Figs. S1 to S5 Tables S1 to S4 1 www . pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1821843116 Fig. S1. Geographic distribution of the communities studied. Map of northwestern South America showing the geographic location and the names of the 57 communities. 2 a 3 R=0.003 NuevoProgreso ● 2 ●Pacuya Munaypata ● ●Zabalo Sanandita ● SantaAna Angostura Mayo Kusutkau Kapawi● Dureno ● Illipanayuyo● ● ● ● 1 PuertoYaminahua Wayusentsa CorreoSanIsidro● SanMartin SantaRosaDeMaravillaSanSilvestre● ● ● ● ● TresArroyos ● ● Secejsama ●BuenaVista Curare SanAntonioPucasucho● UnionProgreso Yucuna ● ●SantaRosa● Motacuzal● ' OS PuertoQuito ● Sibundoy● ● ● ● ● b 0 Santiago ● ●ElChino ● Camaritagua Juisanoy● ● SantoDomingoBoliviaSanBenito ● OctubreVillaSantiago● ● ● SantaMaria NuevaSamariaAviacion● ● ● Nanegalito PeripaCusuChico● ● −1 Mindo● Irimo● ● CentroProvidenciaSanMartinDeAmacayacu Yamayakat ● ● LamasWayku Chiguilpe ● ● Villanueva AltoIvon● ● ● PalmaReal Aguacate −2 ● PuertoPervel −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 FractionFraction of of all all species species b 3 R=−0.41** NuevoProgreso ● 2 Pacuya● Munaypata Zabalo● ● SananditaAngostura● SantaAna Kusutkau ● Mayo Kapawi Dureno ● ● Illipanayuyo● ● ● 1 PuertoYaminahuaWayusentsa SanIsidro ● Correo SanMartin SantaRosaDeMaravilla ● ● SanSilvestre ● ● TresArroyos● ● Secejsama●Curare BuenaVista UnionProgresoSanAntonio
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera) (Excluding Anthribidae
    A FAUNAL SURVEY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE CURCULIONOIDEA (COLEOPTERA) (EXCLUDING ANTHRIBIDAE, PLATPODINAE. AND SCOLYTINAE) OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS A Thesis TAMI ANNE CARLOW Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1997 Major Subject; Entomology A FAUNAL SURVEY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE CURCVLIONOIDEA (COLEOPTERA) (EXCLUDING ANTHRIBIDAE, PLATYPODINAE. AND SCOLYTINAE) OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS A Thesis by TAMI ANNE CARLOW Submitted to Texas AgcM University in partial fulltllment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved as to style and content by: Horace R. Burke (Chair of Committee) James B. Woolley ay, Frisbie (Member) (Head of Department) Gilbert L. Schroeter (Member) August 1997 Major Subject: Entomology A Faunal Survey and Zoogeographic Analysis of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) (Excluding Anthribidae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae) of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. (August 1997) Tami Anne Carlow. B.S. , Cornell University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Horace R. Burke An annotated list of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptem) (excluding Anthribidae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae) is presented for the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas. The list includes species that occur in Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, and Wigacy counties. Each of the 23S species in 97 genera is tteated according to its geographical range. Lower Rio Grande distribution, seasonal activity, plant associations, and biology. The taxonomic atTangement follows O' Brien &, Wibmer (I og2). A table of the species occuning in patxicular areas of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, such as the Boca Chica Beach area, the Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, Bentsen-Rio Grande State Park, and the Falcon Dam area is included.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beetle Fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and Distribution
    INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 3-4, September-December, 2006 165 The beetle fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and distribution Stewart B. Peck Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada stewart_peck@carleton. ca Abstract. The beetle fauna of the island of Dominica is summarized. It is presently known to contain 269 genera, and 361 species (in 42 families), of which 347 are named at a species level. Of these, 62 species are endemic to the island. The other naturally occurring species number 262, and another 23 species are of such wide distribution that they have probably been accidentally introduced and distributed, at least in part, by human activities. Undoubtedly, the actual numbers of species on Dominica are many times higher than now reported. This highlights the poor level of knowledge of the beetles of Dominica and the Lesser Antilles in general. Of the species known to occur elsewhere, the largest numbers are shared with neighboring Guadeloupe (201), and then with South America (126), Puerto Rico (113), Cuba (107), and Mexico-Central America (108). The Antillean island chain probably represents the main avenue of natural overwater dispersal via intermediate stepping-stone islands. The distributional patterns of the species shared with Dominica and elsewhere in the Caribbean suggest stages in a dynamic taxon cycle of species origin, range expansion, distribution contraction, and re-speciation. Introduction windward (eastern) side (with an average of 250 mm of rain annually). Rainfall is heavy and varies season- The islands of the West Indies are increasingly ally, with the dry season from mid-January to mid- recognized as a hotspot for species biodiversity June and the rainy season from mid-June to mid- (Myers et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Curculionoidea of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean) (Coleoptera)
    BULLETIN OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALTA (2010) Vol. 3 : 55-143 The Curculionoidea of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean) (Coleoptera) David MIFSUD1 & Enzo COLONNELLI2 ABSTRACT. The Curculionoidea of the families Anthribidae, Rhynchitidae, Apionidae, Nanophyidae, Brachyceridae, Curculionidae, Erirhinidae, Raymondionymidae, Dryophthoridae and Scolytidae from the Maltese islands are reviewed. A total of 182 species are included, of which the following 51 species represent new records for this archipelago: Araecerus fasciculatus and Noxius curtirostris in Anthribidae; Protapion interjectum and Taeniapion rufulum in Apionidae; Corimalia centromaculata and C. tamarisci in Nanophyidae; Amaurorhinus bewickianus, A. sp. nr. paganettii, Brachypera fallax, B. lunata, B. zoilus, Ceutorhynchus leprieuri, Charagmus gressorius, Coniatus tamarisci, Coniocleonus pseudobliquus, Conorhynchus brevirostris, Cosmobaris alboseriata, C. scolopacea, Derelomus chamaeropis, Echinodera sp. nr. variegata, Hypera sp. nr. tenuirostris, Hypurus bertrandi, Larinus scolymi, Leptolepurus meridionalis, Limobius mixtus, Lixus brevirostris, L. punctiventris, L. vilis, Naupactus cervinus, Otiorhynchus armatus, O. liguricus, Rhamphus oxyacanthae, Rhinusa antirrhini, R. herbarum, R. moroderi, Sharpia rubida, Sibinia femoralis, Smicronyx albosquamosus, S. brevicornis, S. rufipennis, Stenocarus ruficornis, Styphloderes exsculptus, Trichosirocalus centrimacula, Tychius argentatus, T. bicolor, T. pauperculus and T. pusillus in Curculionidae; Sitophilus zeamais and
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of the Brazilian State of Acre: Diversity, Zoogeography, and Conservation
    Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 20(4), 393-442 ARTIGO/ARTICLE Dezembro de 2012 / December 2012 Birds of the Brazilian state of Acre: diversity, zoogeography, and conservation Edson Guilherme1 1 Universidade Federal do Acre, Museu Universitário, Laboratório de Ornitologia. Campus Universitário - BR 364, Km 04, Distrito industrial, Rio Branco - Acre, Brazil. CEP: 69915-900. E-mail: [email protected]. Received 12 March 2012. Accepted 27 July 2012. ABSTRACT: The Brazilian state of Acre borders Peru and Bolivia to the west and south, and the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Rondônia to the north and east, respectively. The state is located within the lowlands of the western Amazon basin, adjacent to the foothills of the Andes, within a “megadiverse” region of the Brazilian Amazon basin. Despite its diversity, the region is still only poorly known in scientific terms, and is considered to be a priority for future biological surveys. Given this situation, the present study aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge of the avian fauna of southwestern Amazonia, by evaluating the following questions – (a) how many and which bird species occur in the state of Acre?; (b) how are these species distributed within the state?; and (c) what are the priority areas for new ornithological surveys within the state of Acre? My methodological procedures included (a) a wide literature search; (b) two years of field surveys, including observation records and the collection of voucher specimens; (c) map the distribution of avian taxa within the two main interfluvial regions (east and west of the Purus River) of the state; and (d) the identification of contact and possible hybridization zones, based on the distribution of parapatric sister taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Livro-Inpp.Pdf
    GOVERNMENT OF BRAZIL President of Republic Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia Minister for Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications Gilberto Kassab MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI Director Nilson Gabas Júnior Research and Postgraduate Coordinator Ana Vilacy Moreira Galucio Communication and Extension Coordinator Maria Emilia Cruz Sales Coordinator of the National Research Institute of the Pantanal Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo EDITORIAL BOARD Adriano Costa Quaresma (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia) Carlos Ernesto G.Reynaud Schaefer (Universidade Federal de Viçosa) Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso) Gilvan Ferreira da Silva (Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental) Spartaco Astolfi Filho (Universidade Federal do Amazonas) Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho (Universidade Federal do Oeste Paraense) Wolfgang Johannes Junk (Max Planck Institutes) Coleção Adolpho Ducke Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Natural resources in wetlands: from Pantanal to Amazonia Marcos Antônio Soares Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim Editors Belém 2017 Editorial Project Iraneide Silva Editorial Production Iraneide Silva Angela Botelho Graphic Design and Electronic Publishing Andréa Pinheiro Photos Marcos Antônio Soares Review Iraneide Silva Marcos Antônio Soares Mário Augusto G.Jardim Print Graphic Santa Marta Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Natural resources in wetlands: from Pantanal to Amazonia / Marcos Antonio Soares, Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim. organizers. Belém : MPEG, 2017. 288 p.: il. (Coleção Adolpho Ducke) ISBN 978-85-61377-93-9 1. Natural resources – Brazil - Pantanal. 2. Amazonia. I. Soares, Marcos Antonio. II. Jardim, Mário Augusto Gonçalves. CDD 333.72098115 © Copyright por/by Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 2017. Todos os direitos reservados. A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, constitui violação dos direitos autorais (Lei nº 9.610).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotany of Riverine Populations from the Rio Negro, Amazonia (Brazil)
    Journal of Ethnobiology 27(1): 46–72 Spring/Summer 2007 ETHNOBOTANY OF RIVERINE POPULATIONS FROM THE RIO NEGRO, AMAZONIA (BRAZIL) ANDRE´ A LEME SILVA,a JORGE TAMASHIROb and ALPINA BEGOSSIc aDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, CEP 05580-900 ^[email protected]& bDepartamento de Botaˆnica, UNICAMP Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil ^[email protected]& cFisheries and Food Institute, Rua Coronel Quirino 1636, Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo 13025-002, Brazil, and Fisheries Management and Training Program, PREAC-UNICAMP ^[email protected]& ABSTRACT.—This paper presents a comparative study of plant knowledge and use in rural and urban areas in the municipality of Barcelos in the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil, based on a total of 81 interviews. Using diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener), plant knowledge is compared among communities (urban- rural population), and between sex (male-female) and age (older or younger than 40 years) categories within each community. Among our informants, we found quantitative differences concerning the knowledge of medicinal plants between sex and age categories. Some individuals play a key role relating to medicinal plant knowledge, and steps should be taken in order to include them in management and conservation plans. Key words: ethnobotany, diversity indices, plant knowledge and use, Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon. RESUMO.—Com base em um total de 81 entrevistas, no´s apresentamos um estudo etnobotaˆnico comparativo entre populac¸o˜es urbanas e rurais na municipalidade de Barcelos no Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Usando´ ındices de diversidade (Shannon-Wiener), o conhecimento de plantas e´ comparado entre as comunidades estudadas (populac¸a˜o urbana e rural), geˆnero (masculino e feminino) e categorias de idade (menos que 40 anos e mais que 40 anos de idade).
    [Show full text]
  • Analysing the History of the Derelomine Flower Weevil-Carludovica Association (Coleóptera: Curculionidae; Cyelanthaeeae)
    Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 81, 483•517. With 17 figures Analysing the history of the derelomine flower weevil-Carludovica association (Coleóptera: Curculionidae; Cyelanthaeeae) NICO M. FRANZ* Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria 'Rodrigo Fació', Costa Rica Received 14 April 2003; accepted for publication 23 September 2003 The evolutionary history of the interaction among species of derelomine flower weevils (Coleóptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) and the Panama-hat palm Carludovica (Cyelanthaeeae) is analysed with emphasis on the congruence of (1) topologies and (2) character state transformations in each of the Neotropical clades. For this purpose cladistic analyses are complemented with host plant records, natural history information and selected morphological studies of the associated taxa. The interaction is specialized, involving pollination, oviposition into the inflorescences and the prédation of seeds (particularly within Systenotelus). As results from a range of standard coevolutionary methods of analysis indicate, however, events of colonization, extinction and independent (non-reciprocal) speciation have been abundant throughout the history of the association. At the same time it is possible to specify the homology and suc- cession of characters among species of derelomines and Carludovica and interpret them as reciprocal adaptations to attack and protect the seeds, respectively. It is argued that • in light of the limited evolutionary stability of many insect•plant interactions • the question of coevolution is most effectively addressed by combining information from the character- and topology-based approaches. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 81, 483-517. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: cladistics • congruence • coevolution • Derelomini • Ganglionus • Perelleschus • pollination • reciprocal adaptation • seed prédation • Systenotelus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Victorian Palm Court
    ........................................................ ........................................................ A VICTORIAN PALM COURT (An Interpretative Brochure for The New York Botanical Garden) ........................................................ ........................................................ A VICTORIAN PALM COURT (An Interpretative Brochure for The New York Botanical Garden) and PALM SURVIVAL IN A TOUGH WORLD MAUREEN LYNN MURPHY August, 1986 The following manuscripts are submitted as a non-thesis option as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ornamental Horticulture. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to many people for their help in preparing these manuscripts: The Longwood Gardens Foundation, who provided the generous grant which made my work possible; my thesis committee, Dr. Sherry Kitto, Dr. David Frey, and Dr. Donald Huttletson for their valuable questions, comments, and edits; my thesis committee chairman, and cbordinator of the Longwood Program, Dr. James Swasey for his guidance, assistance, and attention to detail; to Dr. Michael Balick and Mr. Bruce Riggs of The New York Botanical Garden for their advice and suggestions; and to Ms. Dorry Ross, for her skillful editing and gentle manner. A very special thanks goes to Thomas Adarns, not only for his beautiful illustrations, but for his constant encouragement and moral support throughout these past two years. A VICTORIAN PALM COURT INTRODUCTION Palms comprise a very useful plant family, second only in economic importance to the grasses which supply us with wheat, rice, barley, oats, and other grains. Palms provide the world with food (dates, coconuts, palm oil, hearts of palm), beverages (coconut milk, palm wine), clothing (raincoats, hats), medicines (betel nut), construction materials (thatching, irrigation pipes, logs), rope, fiber, carnauba wax, and hundreds of other products.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 Jetzt Beschriebenen Palaearctischen Ceuthor- Rhynchinen
    Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 305 Schultze, A. (1902): Kritisches Verzeichniss der bis 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 jetzt beschriebenen palaearctischen Ceuthor- rhynchinen. – Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Roberto Caldara , Nico M. Franz, and Rolf 1902: 193 – 226. G. Oberprieler Schwarz, E. A. (1894): A “ parasitic ” scolytid. – Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: Distribution. The subfamily as here composed (see 15 – 17. Phylogeny and Taxonomy below) includes approx- Scudder, S. H. (1893): Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleo- ptera of the United States. xii + 206 pp. US Geological imately 350 genera and 4500 species (O ’ Brien & Survey, Washington, DC. Wibmer 1978; Thompson 1992; Alonso-Zarazaga Stierlin, G. (1886): Fauna insectorum Helvetiae. Coleo- & Lyal 1999; Oberprieler et al. 2007), provisionally ptera helvetiae , Volume 2. 662 pp. Rothermel & Cie., divided into 34 tribes. These are geographically Schaffhausen. generally restricted to a lesser or larger degree, only Thompson, R. T. (1973): Preliminary studies on the two – Curculionini and Rhamphini – being virtually taxonomy and distribution of the melon weevil, cosmopolitan in distribution and Anthonomini , Acythopeus curvirostris (Boheman) (including Baris and Tychiini only absent from the Australo-Pacifi c granulipennis (Tournier)) (Coleoptera, Curculion- region. Acalyptini , Cionini , Ellescini , Mecinini , idae). – Bulletin of Entomological Research 63: 31 – 48. and Smicronychini occur mainly in the Old World, – (1992): Observations on the morphology and clas- from Africa to the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, sifi cation of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with Ellescini, Acalyptini, and Smicronychini also with a key to major groups. – Journal of Natural His- extending into the Nearctic region and at least tory 26: 835 – 891. the latter two also into the Australian one.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Timber Forest Products in Brazil: a Bibliometric and a State of the Art Review
    sustainability Review Non-Timber Forest Products in Brazil: A Bibliometric and a State of the Art Review Thiago Cardoso Silva * , Emmanoella Costa Guaraná Araujo, Tarcila Rosa da Silva Lins , Cibelle Amaral Reis, Carlos Roberto Sanquetta and Márcio Pereira da Rocha Department of Forestry Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Paraná, 80.210-170 Curitiba, Brazil; [email protected] (E.C.G.A.); [email protected] (T.R.d.S.L.); [email protected] (C.A.R.); [email protected] (C.R.S.); [email protected] (M.P.d.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-8199-956-6178 Received: 4 July 2020; Accepted: 22 August 2020; Published: 2 September 2020 Abstract: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are a consolidated source of income and acquisition of inputs from forest environments. Therefore, the objective of this work was to carry out a collection of publications on NTFPs in Brazil, until 2019, available in the Scopus database, presenting a bibliometric review and the state of the art of this theme from the evaluation of these publications, discussing the challenges of Brazilian legislation on NTFPs. After screening the articles of interest, 196 documents were evaluated, in which they were observed institutions and authors, analyzing networks of citations and terms used, areas of forest sciences and sciences that encompass the most explored biomes and the most studied species. The results showed that the concern to research on NTFPs in Brazil began in the 1990s, with an increase in the number of publications over the years. Besides that, the research on NTFPs is multidisciplinary, with emphasis on the areas of Agricultural and Biological Sciences and Environmental Science.
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Forests on Anthropogenic Soils in Brazilian Amazonia Conserve Agrobiodiversity
    Biodivers Conserv DOI 10.1007/s10531-010-9813-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Secondary forests on anthropogenic soils in Brazilian Amazonia conserve agrobiodiversity Andre´ Braga Junqueira • Glenn Harvey Shepard Jr. • Charles R. Clement Received: 3 July 2009 / Accepted: 13 February 2010 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 Abstract Throughout Brazilian Amazonia anthropogenic soils that are the product of pre-Columbian settlements are called Terra Preta de I´ndio (Indian Dark Earths, TPI). These soils are dramatically different from surrounding soils due to long-term human activity, but there is little information about how secondary forest succession is affected by these differences. We tested if community structure (density, richness and basal area), floristic composition and domesticated species’ richness and density were similar between TPI and non-anthropogenic soils (NAS) in 52 25 9 10 m secondary forest plots in different successional stages near three traditional communities along the middle Madeira River, Central Amazonia. We sampled 858 woody individuals on TPI (77 domesticated) and 1095 on NAS (27 domesticated); 550 understory palms on TPI (169 domesticated) and 778 on NAS (123 domesticated). We found 179 species on TPI (10 domesticated), 190 on NAS (8 domesticated), and 74 (25%) in both environments. Although community structure on TPI and NAS was fairly similar, they showed significantly distinctive floristic composi- tions, both for woody individuals and understory palms. The density and richness of domesticated species was significantly higher on TPI than on NAS for woody individuals, but not for palms. The intimate long-term association of TPI with human activity has lead to the formation of distinct secondary forests and has favored the concentration of domesticated populations of crop species.
    [Show full text]