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Perheyhtiö Ja Paikallisuus A Perheyhtiö ja paikallisuus A. Ahlström Osakeyhtiön historian perintö Noormarkussa TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS TURKUENSIS SARJA - SER. C OSA - TOM. 374 SCRIPTA LINGUA FENNICA EDITA Perheyhtiö ja paikallisuus A. Ahlström Osakeyhtiön historian perintö Noormarkussa Maarit Grahn TURUN YLIOPISTO UNIVERSITY OF TURKU 2014 Humanistinen tiedekunta Historian, kulttuurin ja taiteiden tutkimuksen laitos Kulttuuriperinnön tutkimus Ohjaajat Dosentti Anna Sivula, Turun yliopisto Dosentti Simo Häyrynen, Turun yliopisto Esitarkastajat Yliopistonlehtori Derek Fewster, Helsingin yliopisto Dosentti Marko Paavilainen, Helsingin yliopisto Vastaväittäjä Dosentti Marko Paavilainen, Helsingin yliopisto Kannen kuva: Noormarkun ruukin saha ja sahalta lautatarhaan johtaneet kiskot vuonna 1955. Kuva AAOy. Taitto: Maria Vasenkari Turun yliopiston laatujärjestelmän mukaisesti tämän julkaisun alkuperäisyys on tarkastettu Turnitin OriginalityCheck -järjestelmällä. ISBN 978-951-29-5600-5 (Painettu/Print) ISBN 978-951-29-5601-2 (PDF/Sähköinen) ISSN 0082-6995 Painosalama Oy – Turku 2014 TURUN YLIOPISTO Historian, kulttuurin ja taiteiden tutkimuksen laitos, Humanistinen tiedekunta GRAHN, MAARIT: Perheyhtiö ja paikallisuus. A. Ahlström Osakeyhtiön historian perintö Noormarkussa Väitöskirja, 299 s. Kulttuuriperinnön tutkimus Tammikuu 2014 Tutkimus tarkastelee kulttuuriperinnön asemaa perheyrityksen yrityskulttuurin, identiteetin ja yrityskuvan osatekijänä ja sitä, miten historiatietoisuus ohjaa yri- tyksen toimintaa paikallisen vaikuttavuuden näkökulmasta. Samalla tutkimus selvittää, miten liiketoiminnan laajeneminen ja globalisoituminen vaikuttavat paikallistason toimintaan ja miten yritys käyttää kulttuuriperintöään muutosten hallinnassa. Tutkimus on historiallinen tapaustutkimus. Esimerkkitapauksena on A. Ahl- ström Osakeyhtiö ja Länsi-Suomessa sijaitseva Noormarkun ruukki, joka on ol- lut yrityksen omistuksessa 1870-luvulta lähtien. 1800-luvun lopusta 2000-luvulle ulottuva tutkimus perustuu pääasiassa arkistolähteisiin. Tutkimuksessa yhdisty- vät kulttuuriperinnön ja liiketaloustieteen tutkimuksen sekä historiantutkimuk- sen lähestymistavat. Paikallistason toiminnan tarkastelussa tutkimus saa piirteitä myös tehdasyhdyskuntatutkimuksesta. Tutkimuksessa perheyrityksen kulttuuriperintöön sisällytetään aineellisen kulttuuriperinnön ja menneisyyden kuvausten lisäksi yrityksen jatkuvuuteen, omistajuuteen, kotipaikkaan ja yhteiskuntavastuuseen liittyvät perinteet. Tutki- mus osoittaa, että historia ja perinteet voivat olla yritykselle voimavara mutta myös hidaste. Perheyhtiön traditio on kestänyt liiketoiminnallisista ja organisa- torisista muutoksista huolimatta. Suvun rooli yhtiön sisällä on kuitenkin muut- tunut. Perhejohtajuudesta on siirrytty sukuomistukseen. Ahlström on tyyppiesimerkki siitä, miten yritykset korostavat historian avul- la toimintansa jatkuvuutta, luotettavuutta, uskottavuutta ja innovatiivisuutta. Yritys on rakentanut historiallista yrityskuvaansa muun muassa museoiden, näyttelyiden ja julkaisujen avulla. Yrityksen suhde historialliseen kotipaikkaansa, Noormarkkuun, on ollut poikkeuksellisen kiinteä. Noormarkun ruukki on esi- merkki siitä, miten yrityksen menneisyyteen liittyvistä paikoista voi muodostua symbolisia muistin paikkoja. Historiatietoisuus synnyttää ja ylläpitää paikallisvastuuta, joka on ilmennyt eri aikakausina eri tavoin. Ruukin toimintoja on kehitetty, kun vanhat toimin- not ovat päättyneet. 2000-luvulla yritys hyödyntää kulttuuriperintöään liiketoi- minnan resurssina, paikallisen liiketoiminnan ja matkailun kehittämisen lähtö- kohdista. 5 Kansainvälisissä tutkimuksissa historian aktiivista käyttöä yrityksen strategi- sessa suunnittelussa kuvataan käsitteellä history management. Suomessa aihetta on toistaiseksi tutkittu vähän. Tutkimus on siten avaus yrityksiä kulttuuriperin- nön säilyttäjinä ja käyttäjinä koskeville keskusteluille. Asiasanat: kulttuuriperintö, muistin paikka, perinne, historiakulttuuri, historia- tietoisuus, perheyritykset, history management, yrityskulttuuri, yrityskuva, yri- tyksen identiteetti, yhteiskuntavastuu, ruukit, uuskäyttö, Ahlström, Noormarkku . 6 UNIVERSITY OF TURKU School of History, Culture and Arts Studies, Faculty of Humanities GRAHN, MAARIT: Family Business and Locality: The historical heritage of A. Ahlström Corporation in Noormarkku Doctoral dissertation, 299 pages Cultural Heritage Studies January 2014 The study investigates the role of cultural heritage in corporate culture, identity and image of a family business, as well as the way in which historical conscious- ness affects the company’s actions on the local level. At the same time, the study examines how globalization and expansion affect local operations and how the company utilizes its cultural heritage in the management of changes. As a historical case study, the dissertation examines the A. Ahlström Corpor- ation and the Noormarkku ironworks in Western Finland that has belonged to the company since the 1870s. The period of study, which spans from the end of the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century, is mainly based on historic- al records. The study combines approaches of cultural heritage studies, history stud ies and business studies. In the investigation of local events, the research adopts elements from the study of factory communities Besides the historical sites and descriptions of the past, the study considers the traditions that are connected with the continuity, ownership, domicile and social responsibility of the company as parts of cultural heritage. It shows that history and traditions can be valuable assets for a company, but may also be a hindrance. Despite organizational and business changes, the tradition of the family business has endured. Nevertheless, the role of the family has changed – from family management into family ownership. Ahlström is a typical example of the way in which companies use history to highlight their continuity, reliability, credibility and innovations. The com- pany has utilized museums, exhibitions and publications, among others, in the construction of its historical corporate image. The ties between the company and its historical domicile, Noormarkku, have been exceptionally close. The Noor- markku ironworks is an example of how places connected with a company’s past can become symbolic memorial sites. Historical consciousness creates and maintains a sense of local responsibility, seen in various forms throughout the times. The operations at the ironworks have evolved, as old functions have been ceased. In the twenty-first century, the company utilizes its cultural heritage as a business resource, developing local business and tourism. 7 In the international studies of business administration, the active use of his- tory in business activities and strategic planning is referred to as history man- agement. Thus far in Finland this is a topic seldom studied. Therefore this study is an attempt to open the discussion about companies’ utilization and management of cultural heritage. Keywords: cultural heritage, memorial site, place of memory, tradition, history culture, historical consciousness, family businesses, history management, cor- por ate culture, corporate image, corporate identity, social responsibility, iron- works, reuse, Ahlström, Noormarkku 8 Kiitokset Hypähdin vuonna 2003 yrittäjän arjesta humanistiseen tiedemaailmaan. Olen edelleen tällä taipaleella. Tieteellisen jatkotutkinnon suorittamista ja siihen sisäl- tyvän väitöskirjan tekemistä voi mielestäni jossain määrin verrata yrittäjänä toi- mimiseen. Tarvitaan selkeä päämäärä, oikea asenne, uskoa omiin ideoihin sekä intoa itsensä jatkuvaan kehittämiseen. Toiminnan tulee tuottaa myös tulosta. Väitöskirjan valmistuminen on tulos vuosia kestäneestä puurtamisesta. Toisaalta se on kuitenkin vain välivaihe orastavalla tieteellisellä uralla. Yritysmaailman ter- mejä käyttäen voisinkin todeta, että nyt on välitilinpäätöksen aika, jonka jälkeen on hyvä suunnata katse tulevaan. Samalla on aika kiittää kaikkia niitä tahoja, jotka ovat tukeneet ja kannustaneet minua tutkimukseni eri vaiheissa. Kiitän työni ohjaajia yliopistonlehtori Anna Sivulaa ja dosentti Simo Häyrys- tä. Ohjaajien tuki on ollut minulle äärettömän tärkeää. Mentorien tavoin ohjaajat ovat kannustaneet tutkimustyön edetessä sekä ohjanneet oikeaan suuntaan, kun aloitteleva tutkija on toisinaan harhaillut tutkimuskysymysten viidakossa. Väitöskirjani käsikirjoituksen esitarkastajina ovat toimineet yliopistonlehtori Derek Fewster ja dosentti Marko Paavilainen. Kiitän heitä lämpimästi saamas- tani arvokkaasta palautteesta ja rakentavista kommenteista. Marko Paavilaista haluan kiittää myös ryhtymisestä vastaväittäjäkseni. Eeva Raike on avustanut minua työni liitteenä olevan kartan työstämisessä. Lämmin kiitos tästä hänelle. Erkki Seppäselle kiitos englanninkielisistä kään- nöksistä. Lisäksi haluan kiittää Maria Vasenkaria, jonka taitavissa käsissä käsi- kirjoituksesta muotoutui kirja. Kiitän A. Ahlström Osakeyhtiötä, joka on suhtautunut tutkimukseeni erittäin myötämielisesti ja luovuttanut arkistoaineistoja tutkittavakseni. Erityiskiitos yh- tiön vierastoiminnan päällikkö Tiina Rajalalle, joka on vastannut lukemattomiin kysymyksiini ja avustanut lähdeaineiston etsimisessä. Lisäksi kiitän Ahlström Capital Oy:tä, Mairea-säätiötä, Satakunnan Museota, Arkkitehtuurimuseota, Suomen Elinkeinoelämän keskusarkistoa, Nordean pankkimuseota ja Porin kau- punkia saamastani kuvamateriaalista. Kiitos myös arkistonhoitaja Paula Vuohe- laiselle avusta, jota olen
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