A Brief Overview of Research Areas in the OSU Physics Department

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A brief overview of research areas in the OSU Physics Department Physics Research Areas Astrophysics & Cosmology Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Biophysics (theory) Physics Cold Atom Physics Condensed Matter High Energy Physics Nuclear Physics Physics Education Research (A Scientific Education) Approach to Physics • • • • • • • • Experiment Dongping Zhong - Dongping Zhong Experiment Comert Kural Experiment Michael Poirier -

Biophysics faculty (Biophysics since 2001) C. Jayaprakash - Theory Ralf Bundschuh -Theory Main theme: Molecular Mechanisms Behind Important Biological Functions •chromosome structure and function repair •DNA genetic information •processing of •genetic regulatory networks •ultrafast protein dynamics proteins water with •interaction of structure and function •RNA Research areas:

Biophysics Research Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Rolando Valdes Aguilar THz spectroscopy of quantum materials P. Chris Hammel Nanomagnetism and spin-electronics, high spatial resolution and high sensitivity scanned Roland Kawakami probe magnetic resonance imaging Spin-Based Electronics and Nanoscale Magnetism Leonard Brillson Semiconductor surfaces and interfaces, complex oxides, next generation electronics, high permittivity dielectrics, solar cells, biological Fengyuan Yang sensors Magnetism and magnetotransport in complex oxide epitaxial films; metallic multilayers; spin Jon Pelz dynamics/ transport in semiconductor nanowires Spatial and energy-resolved studies of contacts, deep-level defects, films and buried interfaces in oxides and semiconductors; spin injection Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin into semiconductors. Nanoscience, magnetism, spintronics, molecular/ organic electronics, complex oxides. Studies of Thomas Lemberger matter at nanoscopic length scales Magnetic and electronic properties of high temperature superconductors and other Jay Gupta oxides; thin film growth by coevaporation and LT UHV STM combined with optical probes; studies sputtering; single crystal growth. of interactions of atoms and molecules on surfaces structures built with atomic precision R. Sooryakumar Light scattering in solids and biological tissues, Thomas Gramila magnetic tweezers and photonic devices, biomagnetism Electronic materials at low temperatures and high magnetic fields; 2DEGs and Quantum Hall effects; electron interactions and correlation effects Single Molecule Spin Transport Jay Gupta

M[TCNE] complex:

Co[TCNE]2 TC (bulk) = 44 K TCNE Co[TCNE] Co[TCNE]2

Atomic scale understanding electronic and structural properties of contact to Constructing atomically‐precise molecule on charge/spin transport contacts: Co on Cu2N • Chemical bonding Co CuCo3 • Charge transfer Co4 • Electron/spin/vibrational coupling Spins Resonant Chris Hammel

Ultrasensitive Scanned Probe Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mobile Magnetic Tweezers Sooryakumar Group

T-lymphocyte cell

Domain wall • Programmable directed forces for on-chip platforms – Remote (joystick or voice activated), multiplex (~106 cells) – Probe, sort, assemble biomolecules Stray field – Nanoscale engines, pumps, ……..

Harnessing nano‐scale magnetism and engineering for biology Electronic & Magnetic Nanoscale

: Composite Multifunctional Materials

ENCOMM

R’ R

AlGaAs AlGaAs

R’ R QW QW

AlGaAs AlGaAs and Engineering Center (MRSEC)

Center for EmergentCenter for Materials: STM tip Au An NSF Materials Research Science Research An NSF Materials

AlGaAs AlGaAs Roland Spin-Based Electronics and Nanoscale Magnetism (Su 2013) Kawakami

Nanoscale devices Atomically controlled materials by molecular beam epitaxy

• Spin transport in graphene, 2D materials • Complex oxide heterostructures • Spin-based logic, post Si-CMOS electronics • Ferromagnet/Si,Ge hybrid structures

Ultrafast optics Surface science approach to nanoscale devices • Spin-polarized STM • NanoARPES Atomic-scale structure Charge & spin • Spin dynamics in semiconductors Band structure transport • Valleytronics in 2D materials • Dynamics in many-body systems

We employ a powerful combination of materials synthesis and advanced measurements to explore novel condensed matter systems and provide exceptional student training

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structure, MD. array

and

transport Band optical

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Josephson phenomena

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disorder

surfaces

Tc Superconductivity,

Theor of

critical

high

oxides, oxides

and

nano materials, dynamics

lattices,

complex scaling

transition

metal/semiconductors spintronics magnetism

optical

in graphene, &

Molecular lattices, matter;

high

insulator ‐ metallic gases

qubits, optical APRES

dynamics

physics

condensed spintronics,

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Tc superconductor, atom atoms

Condensed Matter Josephson

superconductor cold quantum ( Emeritus ultracold Fermi cold defects high photoemission,

2013 and graphene Gruzberg Trivedi : Wilkins : Putikka : Stroud :

1. Ho : 2. Gruzberg : 5. 3. Randeria : 6. 7. 4 Nuclear, Material High energy Science String Theory

High Tc superconductor Disordered superconductor Complex oxides Metallic magnetism in oxides

Ultra-cold atoms Ilya Gruzberg - Condensed matter theory

• Quantum condensed matter physics: disordered electronic systems, localization, quantum Hall effects, interplay of interactions and disorder, topological states of matter, quantum hydrodynamics.

• Classical condensed matter physics:

non-equilibrium (stochastic) growth phenomena, diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA), Hele-Shaw flows, turbulence, spin glasses.

• Statistical and mathematical physics:

Schramm-Loewner evolutions (SLE), conformal field theory (CFT), statistical mechanics, critical phenomena, random matrix theory, supersymmetry, algebraic, analytic, probabilistic and field- theoretical methods in condensed matter physics. Theoretical Astrophysics/Cosmology Group

Core Faculty Affiliated Faculty John Beacom Neutrinos Gary Steigman Cosmology

Chris Hirata Cosmology

Annika Peter Dark matter

Terry Walker Particle Astro Experimental Astrophysics/Cosmology Group Core Faculty Affiliated Faculty

Jim Beatty Richard Hughes Cosmic rays Gamma rays

Amy Connolly Neutrinos Brian Winer Gamma rays

Klaus Honscheid Dark energy ccapp.osu.edu

Examples of CCAPP Science What are the sources of the cosmic rays? Auger, Auger North and extensions, theory Are there high-energy neutrino sources? CUBE, theory ANITA, ICE What is Dark Energy? Energy Survey, LBT, LSST, theory Dark SDSS-III, SDSS, What is Dark Matter? Dark Energy SDSS, SDSS-III, Survey, LBT, theory drives supernova GRB explosions? and What Energy Survey, LBT, GLAST, theory Dark SDSS-III, SDSS, What powers GeVWhat TeV and gamma-ray sources? FERMI, theory

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ANITA • balloon experiment takes flights Antarctic (Amy Connolly, Jim Beatty)

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ANITA CMB

flux

Cherenkov

‐ induced with

‐ 2013 radio

a neutrino

Ultra High Energy Neutrino Astronomy: 2012 for neutrino on in

interactions from flight rd Closing 3 Searching • UHECR signal showers • •

Annika Peter: Dark matter (and galaxies)

Standard Model particles: ~4% Everything we interact with on a daily basis is like sprinkles on a cupcake

Dark matter: ~24% The dominant gravitationally attractive component of the Universe. We don’t know what it is! My theory‐based research program is centered on figuring out what it is. I also am interested in how Dark energy: ~72% galaxies evolve. Dark matter is the glue that holds Most of the universe is gravitationally galaxies together, much like frosting keeps repulsive. We don’t know why!!! But sprinkles on the cupcake. By understanding how it eats most of the mass‐energy dark matter works, we can shed light on galaxy budget of the Universe, just like the evolution, and vice versa! cake part of a cupcake. Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Diverse group beyond traditional AMO –Intense Laser-Matter interactions • Relativistic laser produced plasmas (Freeman, Van Woerkom, Schumacher) • Laser fusion schemes (Freeman, Van Woerkom, Schumacher) • Attosecond science (DiMauro, Agostini) • Strong field atomic physics (DiMauro, Agostini) • Ultrafast x-ray physics (DiMauro, Agostini) –Submillimeter & Terahertz physics (De Lucia) • Millimeter & sub-Millimeter spectroscopy • Laboratory Astrophysics & Atmospheric chemistry • Remote & Point sensing • Chemical Physics –Ultrafast nonlinear optics (DiMauro, Agostini) Frank De Lucia DiMauro, Agostini

Freeman, Schumacher, Van Woerkom Theory Experiment

CERN LHC ALICE (RHI and pp)

STAR/BNL-RHIC & CERN LHC ALICE (RHI and pp) The “little bang” The “little s  expect a transition a transition expect …

collisions?

Why heavy ion properties of nuclear matter conditions bulk the only way to experimentally probe deconfined state partons are relevant degrees of freedom over length scales (deconfined state) large believed to define universe until ~ low-q (nonperturbative) behaviour confinement (defining property of QCD) nature of phase transition new phase of matter • • • • • • Heavy ion collisions ( “little bang”) “little collisions ( Heavy ion Study to understanding QCD crucial of QGP Study (high density/temperature) to Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) • • • •Extreme • One Dedicated HI experiment with pp: ALICE One pp experiment with a HI program: CMS One pp experiment considering HI: ATLAS Typical distances increase to the right Elementary Particle Theory 4 faculty +3 postdocs + 2 students

Braaten Mathur Shigemitsu Carpenter Heavyquarks; String theory QCD; Lattice Supersymmetry Ultra-cold atoms Black holes gauge theory Phenomenology

Raby Beyond the Standard Model; Supersymmetry Research of Samir Mathur 35 years ago, Stephen Hawking found the ‘Black Hole Information paradox’ : Black holes make Quantum Mechanics inconsistent

Using String Theory, Mathur and his students/postdocs have found a resolution of this paradox: Quantum gravity effects are not over planck length, but N times planck length, where N is the number of particles in a bound state. This makes the black hole interior a quantum fuzzball, rather than ‘empty space with a central singularity.’ ??

Fuzzball Star White Dwarf Neutron star = string star

Elementary Particle Experiment

Klaus Honscheid Hughes Stan Durkin K. K. Gan BaBar CDF, CMS CMS ATLAS DES, BOSS, Medical Imaging FERMI/GLAST ZEUS BaBar

Harris Kagan Richard Kass Chris Hill Brian Winer ATLAS, BaBar ATLAS Exotic LHC CDF, CMS Medical Imaging BaBar physics FERMI/GLAST The Large Hadron Collider ( at CERN)

Higgs Search at Fermilab CDF Candidate ZH  bb OSU CMS

4 faculty + 2 postdocs + 3 grad students + 1 engineer Ohio State led the design and construction of Endcap Muon electronics

Endcap Muon Detector

Hadron and EM calorimeters 4T Solenoid

Central tracker Barrel Muon Detector

Compact Muon Solenoid endcap yoke disks–CSC’s from OSU Three disks for one endcap One disk loaded with CSCs 8 m ~10 m   ~1.85m m by 400 m by  pixels Pixel size 50 must last 10 years Measures (x,y,z) to ~30 Inner most charged particle tracking Pixel detector is based on silicon Radiation hardness is an issue

OSU ATLAS 3 faculty + postdocs 4 grad students 2 engineers Critical role in the design, construction, & operation of the operation of design, construction, & Critical role in the pixel detector & Beam Condition Monitors

- the new world’s world’s in order to find - many ideas (e.g. which have been proposed Standard Model of particle that would be evidence for one of Particles that couple to top quarks Particles Long-lived particles top is the heaviest and (one of the) least particles; it is fundamental well-understood quite possible it plays a special role in the new physics. GUTs, Split Susy) have particles with GUTs, lifetimes >> CMS experimental timescales. have developed novel techniques to We search for these unusual signatures. – – particles the many theories For a number of theoretical and experimental For a number of theoretical reasons the physics is known to be incomplete analyze CMS data from the We highest energy collider to address these shortcomings. In particular we are interested in: • Search for Beyond the Standard Beyond Model Search for Hill) Physics (Chris • – Marion campus) (emeritus) (Lei Bao) (Gordon Aubrecht

Physics Education Research Physics Education Research in experimental Research methods and quantitative models to measure and analyze the dynamic process of learning. analysis tools for large scale technologies, instruments, and Develop quantitative assessment of learning. Learning and reasoning biases causing misconceptions Differences in learning abstract vs. concrete interference in learning from related topics and Memory decay – – – – – Education Measurement Fundamental Learning Processes (Andrew Heckler) Revision of curriculum • • • Example – from Lei Bao’s research [Bao et al., Science 2009] Does STEM content knowledge affect scientific reasoning? Does STEM content knowledge affect scientific reasoning? [Bao et al., Science 2009] Does STEM content knowledge affect scientific reasoning? [Bao et al., Science 2009]