The Discovery Potential of Space-Based Gravitational Wave Astronomy
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Pulsar Scattering, Lensing and Gravity Waves
Introduction Convergent Plasma Lenses Gravity Waves Black Holes/Fuzzballs Summary Pulsar Scattering, Lensing and Gravity Waves Ue-Li Pen, Lindsay King, Latham Boyle CITA Feb 15, 2012 U. Pen Pulsar Scattering, Lensing and Gravity Waves Introduction Convergent Plasma Lenses Gravity Waves Black Holes/Fuzzballs Summary Overview I Pulsar Scattering I VLBI ISM holography, distance measures I Enhanced Pulsar Timing Array gravity waves I fuzzballs U. Pen Pulsar Scattering, Lensing and Gravity Waves Introduction Convergent Plasma Lenses Gravity Waves Black Holes/Fuzzballs Summary Pulsar Scattering I Pulsars scintillate strongly due to ISM propagation I Lens of geometric size ∼ AU I Can be imaged with VLBI (Brisken et al 2010) I Deconvolved by interstellar holography (Walker et al 2008) U. Pen Pulsar Scattering, Lensing and Gravity Waves Introduction Convergent Plasma Lenses Gravity Waves Black Holes/Fuzzballs Summary Scattering Image Data from Brisken et al, Holographic VLBI. U. Pen Pulsar Scattering, Lensing and Gravity Waves Introduction Convergent Plasma Lenses Gravity Waves Black Holes/Fuzzballs Summary ISM enigma −8 I Scattering angle observed mas, 10 rad. I Snell's law: sin(θ1)= sin(θ2) = n2=n1 −12 I n − 1 ∼ 10 . I 4 orders of magnitude mismatch. U. Pen Pulsar Scattering, Lensing and Gravity Waves Introduction Convergent Plasma Lenses Gravity Waves Black Holes/Fuzzballs Summary Possibilities I turbulent ISM: sum of many small scatters. Cannot explain discrete images. I confinement problem: super mini dark matter halos, cosmic strings? I Geometric alignment: Goldreich and Shridhar (2006) I Snell's law at grazing incidence: ∆α = (1 − n2=n1)/α I grazing incidence is geometry preferred at 2-D structures U. -
A Conceptual Model for the Origin of the Cutoff Parameter in Exotic Compact Objects
S S symmetry Article A Conceptual Model for the Origin of the Cutoff Parameter in Exotic Compact Objects Wilson Alexander Rojas Castillo 1 and Jose Robel Arenas Salazar 2,* 1 Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá UN.11001, Colombia; [email protected] 2 Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá UN.11001, Colombia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 30 November 2020 ; Published: 14 December 2020 Abstract: A Black Hole (BH) is a spacetime region with a horizon and where geodesics converge to a singularity. At such a point, the gravitational field equations fail. As an alternative to the problem of the singularity arises the existence of Exotic Compact Objects (ECOs) that prevent the problem of the singularity through a transition phase of matter once it has crossed the horizon. ECOs are characterized by a closeness parameter or cutoff, e, which measures the degree of compactness of the object. This parameter is established as the difference between the radius of the ECO’s surface and the gravitational radius. Thus, different values of e correspond to different types of ECOs. If e is very big, the ECO behaves more like a star than a black hole. On the contrary, if e tends to a very small value, the ECO behaves like a black hole. It is considered a conceptual model of the origin of the cutoff for ECOs, when a dust shell contracts gravitationally from an initial position to near the Schwarzschild radius. This allowed us to find that the cutoff makes two types of contributions: a classical one governed by General Relativity and one of a quantum nature, if the ECO is very close to the horizon, when estimating that the maximum entropy is contained within the material that composes the shell. -
Arxiv:1803.02804V1 [Hep-Ph] 7 Mar 2018 It Must Have Some Rather Specific Characteristics
FERMILAB-PUB-18-066-A Severely Constraining Dark Matter Interpretations of the 21-cm Anomaly Asher Berlina,∗ Dan Hooperb;c;d,y Gordan Krnjaicb,z and Samuel D. McDermottbx aSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park CA, 94025, USA bFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Theoretical Astrophysics Group, Batavia, IL, USA cUniversity of Chicago, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, Chicago IL, USA and dUniversity of Chicago, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Chicago IL, USA (Dated: March 8, 2018) The EDGES Collaboration has recently reported the detection of a stronger-than-expected ab- sorption feature in the global 21-cm spectrum, centered at a frequency corresponding to a redshift of z ∼ 17. This observation has been interpreted as evidence that the gas was cooled during this era as a result of scattering with dark matter. In this study, we explore this possibility, applying constraints from the cosmic microwave background, light element abundances, Supernova 1987A, and a variety of laboratory experiments. After taking these constraints into account, we find that the vast majority of the parameter space capable of generating the observed 21-cm signal is ruled out. The only range of models that remains viable is that in which a small fraction, ∼ 0:3 − 2%, of the dark matter consists of particles with a mass of ∼ 10 − 80 MeV and which couple to the photon through a small electric charge, ∼ 10−6 −10−4. Furthermore, in order to avoid being overproduced in the early universe, such models must be supplemented with an additional depletion mechanism, such as annihilations through a Lµ − Lτ gauge boson or annihilations to a pair of rapidly decaying hidden sector scalars. -
Report from the Dark Energy Task Force (DETF)
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Fermilab Particle Astrophysics Center P.O.Box 500 - MS209 Batavia, Il l i noi s • 60510 June 6, 2006 Dr. Garth Illingworth Chair, Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee Dr. Mel Shochet Chair, High Energy Physics Advisory Panel Dear Garth, Dear Mel, I am pleased to transmit to you the report of the Dark Energy Task Force. The report is a comprehensive study of the dark energy issue, perhaps the most compelling of all outstanding problems in physical science. In the Report, we outline the crucial need for a vigorous program to explore dark energy as fully as possible since it challenges our understanding of fundamental physical laws and the nature of the cosmos. We recommend that program elements include 1. Prompt critical evaluation of the benefits, costs, and risks of proposed long-term projects. 2. Commitment to a program combining observational techniques from one or more of these projects that will lead to a dramatic improvement in our understanding of dark energy. (A quantitative measure for that improvement is presented in the report.) 3. Immediately expanded support for long-term projects judged to be the most promising components of the long-term program. 4. Expanded support for ancillary measurements required for the long-term program and for projects that will improve our understanding and reduction of the dominant systematic measurement errors. 5. An immediate start for nearer term projects designed to advance our knowledge of dark energy and to develop the observational and analytical techniques that will be needed for the long-term program. Sincerely yours, on behalf of the Dark Energy Task Force, Edward Kolb Director, Particle Astrophysics Center Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics The University of Chicago REPORT OF THE DARK ENERGY TASK FORCE Dark energy appears to be the dominant component of the physical Universe, yet there is no persuasive theoretical explanation for its existence or magnitude. -
Kinetic Decoupling of Neutralino Dark Matter
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICAL REVIEW D, VOLUME 64, 021302͑R͒ Kinetic decoupling of neutralino dark matter Xuelei Chen* Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Marc Kamionkowski† California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 130-33, Pasadena, California 91225 Xinmin Zhang‡ Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 918-4, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China ͑Received 27 March 2001; published 25 June 2001͒ After neutralinos cease annihilating in the early Universe, they may still scatter elastically from other particles in the primordial plasma. At some point in time, however, they will eventually stop scattering. We calculate the cross sections for neutralino elastic scattering from standard-model particles to determine the time at which this kinetic decoupling occurs. We show that kinetic decoupling occurs above a temperature T ϳMeV. Thereafter, neutralinos act as collisionless cold dark matter. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.021302 PACS number͑s͒: 98.80.Cq, 13.15.ϩg, 12.60.Jv, 95.35.ϩd I. INTRODUCTION matter candidates, Gunn et al. ͓6͔ showed that they would fall out of kinetic equilibrium shortly after their annihilation Neutralinos provide perhaps the most promising candidate freezes out. Later, Schmid et al. ͓7͔ estimated the decoupling for the mysterious dark matter in galactic halos ͑see, e.g., temperature of neutralino-neutrino interaction. In this paper Refs. ͓1,2͔ for reviews͒. Such particles would have existed in we consider the process of kinetic decoupling of neutralinos thermal equilibrium in the early Universe when the tempera- in more detail. We calculate the cross sections for elastic ture exceeded the mass of the particle. -
A Brief Overview of Research Areas in the OSU Physics Department
A brief overview of research areas in the OSU Physics Department Physics Research Areas • Astrophysics & Cosmology • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics • Biophysics • Cold Atom Physics (theory) • Condensed Matter Physics • High Energy Physics • Nuclear Physics • Physics Education Research (A Scientific Approach to Physics Education) Biophysics faculty Michael Poirier - Dongping Zhong - Ralf Bundschuh -Theory Experiment Experiment C. Jayaprakash - Theory Comert Kural (Biophysics since 2001) Experiment Biophysics Research Main theme: Molecular Mechanisms Behind Important Biological Functions Research areas: •chromosome structure and function •DNA repair •processing of genetic information •genetic regulatory networks •ultrafast protein dynamics •interaction of water with proteins •RNA structure and function Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Rolando Valdes Aguilar THz spectroscopy of quantum materials P. Chris Hammel Nanomagnetism and spin-electronics, high spatial resolution and high sensitivity scanned Roland Kawakami probe magnetic resonance imaging Spin-Based Electronics and Nanoscale Magnetism Leonard Brillson Semiconductor surfaces and interfaces, complex oxides, next generation electronics, high permittivity dielectrics, solar cells, biological Fengyuan Yang sensors Magnetism and magnetotransport in complex oxide epitaxial films; metallic multilayers; spin Jon Pelz dynamics/ transport in semiconductor nanowires Spatial and energy-resolved studies of contacts, deep-level defects, films and buried interfaces in oxides and semiconductors; spin injection Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin into semiconductors. Nanoscience, magnetism, spintronics, molecular/ organic electronics, complex oxides. Studies of Thomas Lemberger matter at nanoscopic length scales Magnetic and electronic properties of high temperature superconductors and other Jay Gupta oxides; thin film growth by coevaporation and LT UHV STM combined with optical probes; studies sputtering; single crystal growth. of interactions of atoms and molecules on surfaces structures built with atomic precision R. -
Can We Observe Fuzzballs Or Firewalls?
Can we observe fuzzballs or firewalls? Bin Guo1, Shaun Hampton2 and Samir D. Mathur3 Department of Physics The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA Abstract In the fuzzball paradigm the information paradox is resolved because the black hole is replaced by an object with no horizon. One may therefore ask if observations can distinguish a traditional hole from a fuzzball. We find: (a) It is very difficult to reflect quanta off the surface of a fuzzball, mainly because geodesics starting near the horizon radius cannot escape to infinity unless their starting direction is very close to radial. (b) If infalling particles interact with the emerging radiation before they are engulfed by the horizon, then we say that we have a ‘firewall behavior’. We consider several types of interactions, but find no evidence for firewall behavior in any theory that obeys causality. (c) Photons with wavelengths larger than the black hole radius can be scattered off the emerging radiation, but a very small fraction of the backscattered photons will be able to escape back to infinity. arXiv:1711.01617v1 [hep-th] 5 Nov 2017 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 1 Introduction In the traditional picture of a black hole, all the mass resides at a central singularity, while the rest of spacetime is empty. In particular, the region around the horizon is in a vacuum state. But such a picture of the hole leads to the black hole information paradox [1]. In string theory, it appears that this paradox is avoided because the structure of the hole is radically different: the hole is described by a horizon sized fuzzball, with no horizon [2, 3]. -
The Magic Fermion Repelling Stringy Fuzzball Black Hole, the Origin of a Cyclic Raspberry Multiverse
The Magic Fermion Repelling Stringy Fuzzball Black Hole, the origin of a Cyclic Raspberry Multiverse. Leo Vuyk, Architect, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Abstract, This consciousness theory of everything, also called Quantum FFF Theory, (FFF = Function Follows Form) is a semi classical theory based on a symmetrical Big Bang into 8 or 12 Charge Parity (CP) symmetric copy universes. However such a cyclic multiverse seems to be only possible with special ingredients, 1: a propeller shaped fermion able transform by collision and spin in two pitch directions. 2: A compact String knot based dark matter Fuzzball black hole with enough rigid string content, to become stable against the fierce oscillations of the oscillating vacuum lattice and repelling all spinning Fermions. but not other black hole nuclei or photons. As a result, The Quantum FFF Theory is a semi classical theory because it describes reality by the real collision and shape transformation processes of real sub quantum rigid stringy multiverse entangled particles. Each particle is supposed to be conscious by its entanglement with 8 or 12 CP symmetric copy particles located inside 8 or 12 Charge Parity (CP) symmetric universal bubbles at long distance in raspberry shape. Those particles are supposed to be based on only one original transformable ring shaped massless virgin particle called the Axion/Higgs particle assumed to be the product of the symmetric cyclic big bang nucleus as the creation of one symmetrical raspberry shaped multiverse equipped with an even number of material and anti material universal bubbles. The Quantum FFF theory is called Semi classical because in addition to the ring shaped transformable rigid string particles, all universal bubbles are assumed to be each others Charge Parity (CP) mirror symmetric universal bubbles which are assumed to be instant entangled down to each individual string particle created out of the Axion Higgs splitting cold Big Bang. -
FARSIDE Probe Study Final Report
Study Participants List, Disclaimers, and Acknowledgements Study Participants List Principal Authors Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder Gregg Hallinan, California Institute of Technology Co-Authors Jim Lux, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Andres Romero-Wolf, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Technology Institute of Technology Lawrence Teitelbaum, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Tzu-Ching Chang, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Institute of Technology Jonathon Kocz, California Institute of Technology Judd Bowman, Arizona State University Robert MacDowall, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Justin Kasper, University of Michigan Richard Bradley, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Marin Anderson, California Institute of Technology David Rapetti, University of Colorado Boulder Zhongwen Zhen, California Institute of Technology Wenbo Wu, California Institute of Technology Jonathan Pober, Brown University Steven Furlanetto, UCLA Jordan Mirocha, McGill University Alex Austin, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Disclaimers/Acknowledgements Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The cost information contained in this document is of a budgetary and planning nature and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute a commitment on the part of JPL and/or Caltech © 2019. -
Table of Contents (Print)
PHYSICAL REVIEW D PERIODICALS For editorial and subscription correspondence, Postmaster send address changes to: please see inside front cover (ISSN: 1550-7998) APS Subscription Services P.O. Box 41 Annapolis Junction, MD 20701 THIRD SERIES, VOLUME 97, NUMBER 12 CONTENTS D15 JUNE 2018 The Table of Contents is a total listing of Parts A and B. Part A consists of articles 121301–124019, and Part B articles 124020–129903(E) PART A RAPID COMMUNICATIONS Emergent dark energy from dark matter (6 pages) ................................................................................... 121301(R) Takeshi Kobayashi and Pedro G. Ferreira ARTICLES Search for gamma-ray emission from the nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies with 9 years of Fermi-LAT data (7 pages) 122001 Shang Li, Kai-Kai Duan, Yun-Feng Liang, Zi-Qing Xia, Zhao-Qiang Shen, Xiang Li, Neng-Hui Liao, Lei Feng, Qiang Yuan, Yi-Zhong Fan, and Jin Chang Calibrating the system dynamics of LISA Pathfinder (14 pages) .................................................................. 122002 M. Armano et al. Particle swarm optimization of the sensitivity of a cryogenic gravitational wave detector (12 pages) ...................... 122003 Yuta Michimura, Kentaro Komori, Atsushi Nishizawa, Hiroki Takeda, Koji Nagano, Yutaro Enomoto, Kazuhiro Hayama, Kentaro Somiya, and Masaki Ando Reconstruction of cosmic ray air showers with Tunka-Rex data using template fitting of radio pulses (10 pages) ....... 122004 P. A. Bezyazeekov, N. M. Budnev, D. Chernykh, O. Fedorov, O. A. Gress, A. Haungs, R. Hiller, T. Huege, Y. Kazarina, M. Kleifges, D. Kostunin, E. E. Korosteleva, L. A. Kuzmichev, V. Lenok, N. Lubsandorzhiev, T. Marshalkina, R. R. Mirgazov, R. Monkhoev, E. Osipova, A. Pakhorukov, L. Pankov, V. V. Prosin, F. -
New Views of Cosmology and the Microworld
XXX SLAC Summer Institute (SSI2002), Stanford, CA, 5-16 August, 2002 NEW VIEWS OF COSMOLOGY AND THE MICROWORLD Marc Kamionkowski∗ California Institute of Technology Mail Code 130-33 Pasadena, CA 91125 ABSTRACT The past few years have seen several breakthroughs in particle astrophysics and cosmology. In several cases, new observations can only be explained with the introduction of new fundamental physics. In this talk I summarize some of these recent advances and describe several areas where progress may well be made in the future. More specifically, I focus on supersymmet- ric and axion dark matter, self-interacting dark matter, cosmic-microwave- background and large-scale-structure tests of inflation, and the dark-energy problem. ∗Supported by NASA NAG5-9821 and DoE DE-FG03-92-ER40701. c 2002 by Marc Kamionkowski. TF04 713 XXX SLAC Summer Institute (SSI2002), Stanford, CA, 5-16 August, 2002 1 Introduction The aim of particle physics is to understand the fundamental laws of nature. The primary tools in this endeavor have been and continue to be accelerator experiments which provide controlled environments for precise experiments. However, this avenue may have limitations, especially considering that many of the most promising ideas for new physics beyond the standard model—e.g., grand unification and quantum gravity—can be tested only at energies many orders of magnitude greater than those accessible by current and planned accelerators. We have recently seen an increased effort to develop cosmological and astrophysical tools to search for and/or constrain new physics beyond the standard model. These efforts do have precedents: Newton’s law of universal gravitation was motivated by planetary orbits. -
Dark Matter Astrophysics 3 2.1 Galactic Rotation Curves
Dark Matter Astrophysics Guido D’Amico, Marc Kamionkowski and Kris Sigurdson Abstract These lectures are intended to provide a brief pedagogical review of dark matter for the newcomer to the subject. We begin with a discussion of the astro- physical evidence for dark matter. The standard weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) scenario—the motivation, particle models, and detection techniques—is then reviewed. We provide a brief sampling of some recent variations to the stan- dard WIMP scenario as well as some alternatives (axions and sterile neutrinos). Exercises are provided for the reader.1 1 Introduction Dark matter is an essential ingredient in a good fraction of the literature on extra- galactic astronomy and cosmology. Since dark matter cannot be made of any of the usual standard-model particles (as we will discuss below), dark matter is also a cen- tral focus of elementary-particle physics. The purpose of this review is to provide a pedagogical introduction to the principle astrophysical evidence for dark matter and to some of the particle candidates. Rather than present a comprehensive survey of the vast and increasingly precise measurements of the amount and distribution of dark matter, we will present very Guido D’Amico SISSA, via Beirut 2-4, 34014 Trieste, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Marc Kamionkowski arXiv:0907.1912v1 [astro-ph.CO] 10 Jul 2009 California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 350-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Kris Sigurdson Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Based on lectures given by MK at the Villa Olmo School on “The Dark Side of the Universe,” 14–18 May 2007 and by KS at the XIX Heidelberg Physics Graduate Days, 8-12 October 2007.