Proceedings Ofthe Danish Institute at Athens VI

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Proceedings Ofthe Danish Institute at Athens VI Proceedings ofthe Danish Institute at Athens VI Edited by Erik Hallager and Sine Riisager Athens 2009 © Copyright The Danish Institute at Athens, Athens 2009 Proceedings ofthe Danish Institute at Athens Volume VI General Editor: Erik Hallager. Graphic design: Erik Hallager. Printed at Narayana Press, Denmark Printed in Denmark on permanent paper conforming to ANSI Z 39.48-1992 The publication was sponsored by: NQRDEA FONDEN ISSN: 1108-149X ISBN: 978-87-7934-522-5 Distributed by: AARHUS UNIVERSITY PRESS Langelandsgade 177 DK-8200 Arhus N www.unipress.dk Gazelle Book Services Ltd. White Cross Mills, Hightown Lancaster LAI 4XS, England www.gazellebooks.com The David Brown Book Company (DBBC) P.O. Box 511 Oakville, CT 06779, USA www.davidbrownbookco.u k Cover illustration: Reconstruction ofthe city ofKalydon Graphics by: Mikkel Mayerhofer The Pelion Cave Project - an ethno-archaeological investigation ofthe human use of caves in the early Modern and Modern period in east Thessaly* Niels H. Andreasen, Nota Pantzou & Dimitris C. Papadopoulos Introduction in Greece goes back to the early 20th century and was initially reflected by studies that can be best In 2006-08, an international project under Dan described as ethnological antiquarianism.' Later, at ish direction and in cooperation with the Ephorate tention to modern aspects ofGreek society was ex of Paleoanthropology and Speleology of North pressed in survey projects and studies that involved ern Greece was undertaken on Pelion Mountain modern cultural materials on an equal footing with in Southeast Thessaly, Greece. The Pelion Cave the prehistoric and Classical periods.2 Currently, Project (PCP) was a diachronic, regional survey there is a growing interest in broader and more sys with the goal of documenting the diversity, com tematic studies ofmaterial culture from particularly plexity, and development in the use of caves in the the Ottoman period from the 15th century until Modern period (c. 1500 AD-present). the end ofthe 19th century. However, the Ottoman Caves and rockshelters on the mountain were period remains one of the most neglected ones as classified by function and characterized by location most scholars have focused on post-Byzantine art and material content. The purpose of the study was two-fold: 1) to enrich our understanding of the mountain's cultural history with information about *The fieldwork was funded by the Institute of Aegean Pre cave use in the recent past, and 2) to collect a body history (2006), J.F. Costopoulos Foundation (2006-8), Her ofdata as a basis for hypotheses and possible analo Majesty Queen Margrethe II's Archaeological Foundation gies concerning site use and function in the past. (2007-8), and the Augustinus Foundation (2007-8). We are grateful to these foundations, without whom our research on The results of the project are now being prepared Pelion would not have been possible. for publication in a monograph. For participation in the survey conducted on the moun tain in 2006-2008, the authors extend their appreciation to Markos Vaxevanopoulos, Pernille Foss, Evi Margaritis, Od- Archaeological interest in the ysseas Metaxas, Silas Michaelakas, Giorgos Papamichalakis, Katerina Ragkou, and Giannis Voskos. We would also like to early Modern period in Greece thank our colleagues from the Ephorate of Paleoanthropol ogy and Speleology at Northern Greece, Michalis Kontos, A disciplinary divide in Greece still tends to isolate Kostas Filis, and Giannis Vlastaridis, who were with us in the the remote past as the domain of archaeologists and field whenever possible. Our work would not have succeeded without the residents of Pelion whose kindness and curiosity the investigation ofmore recent periods as a subject about the project helped us enter a facet of the Pelion land for anthropologists and historians. This ideological scape that is essentially invisible to tourists and urban travel division and a shortage ofspecialists and techniques lers. distinctive to medieval and later archaeology have 1E.g. Wace & Dawkins 1914. not facilitated an understanding ofthe more recent 2E.g. McDonald & Rapp 1972; Aschenbrenner 1976; Dimen & Fnedl 1976; Doom 1987; Davis 1998; Mee & Forbes 1999; Greek past. Forbes 2000, 2001, 2007; Watrous, Hadzi-Vallianou & Blitzer Archaeological interest in the Modern period 2004. The Pelion Cave Project 175 and architecture rather than a broader range ofOt in poor excavation and documentation practices toman material culture.3 in post-Byzantine contexts. Furthermore, interest Some scholars have attempted to find parallels m modern cave use is typically focused on nota for archaeological artefacts through ethnographic ble single localities. Such studies are not well suited documentation of traditional craft activities, such to provide a representative picture of cave use and as ceramic production.4 Another branch of ethno- its development. If we do not know how 'typical' archaeological research in Greece employed eth our examples ofcave use are, they will remain sim nography as a tool with which to refine archaeo ply anecdotes that are not necessarily illustrative of logical approaches to the study of pastoral econo some wider process. mies. These investigations focused principally on Besides the need for larger and more representa the morphology of pastoral settlements and func tive case studies, it is also necessary in ethno-ar tional aspects ofpastoral production.3 Several ofthe chaeological studies of pastoral and generally ru studies provided a stronger focus on the structural ral landscapes to give more attention to historical remains of modern pastoral communities. Chang's, trends on a larger geographical scale.10 More specif for instance, advanced understanding of pastoral ically, it is clear that in the case of caves, a number site morphology and her research provided much- of pastoral as well as non-pastoral uses can only be needed social and behavioural insights into pastoral properly understood when related to historical and land management/' A recent and complementary economic developments outside the study-region. development is the implementation of scientific The Pelion Cave Project provided an opportuni techniques (e.g. geoarchaeology and phytolith anal ty to document some ofthe ways in which regional, ysis) at modern pastoral sites.7 national, and international economic developments The Pelion Cave Project has moved beyond con and technological transformations affected tradi ventional "ethno-archaeology" defined as the in tional modes of production and societal dynamics vestigation of archaeological problems through the in local Greek communities. In particular, by study study of contemporary communities, and engaged ing cave and rockshelter sites on a regional scale, in ethnographic fieldwork based on 'Archaeologi we wanted to evaluate the restructuring or aban cal Ethnography'.8 It was conducted by archaeolo donment ofland resulting from changes in the agri gists with an 'insider's' awareness of material rela cultural economy and increasing industrialization, a tions that could provide answers to archaeological process that reshaped all aspects oflocal life. As such, questions and also had the broader aim to explore the Pelion Cave Project provides a useful counter the historical and socially dynamic relationship be balance to case studies from open-air sites in Greece. tween local communities and their landscape. This approach entailed a certain involvement of villag The research questions that guided our fieldwork ers in the archaeological process as field guides, in were: formants, or discussants.9 1. How are pastoral and other activities organised in and immediately around caves? The Pelion Cave Project 3But see Blitzer 1990a; Vroom 2003; Sigalos 2004. 4 Blitzer 1990a; Kalentzidou 2000. (PCP): scope, overview, and s Murray & Chang 1981; Murray & Kardulias 1986; Blitzer 1990b; Halstead 1990; Chang 1992, 1999; Chang & Tourtel- methodology lotte 1993; Efstratiou 1999. 6Chang 1992; Chang & Tourtellotte 1993. Despite the growing interest in recent historical 7 Brochier et a\. 1992; Balme & Beck 2002; Kontogiorgos periods in Greece, cultural historians and archae 2008. 8 Watson 1979; Meskell 2005, 2007; Forbes 2007. ologists often seem to consider the use of caves in 9 For an indicative account on community involvement in ar the recent past as a relatively peripheral phenom chaeological projects, see Moser et a\. 2002; Moser 2003. enon. This disregard is still occasionally reflected 111 Mientjes 2004, 162. 176 Niels H. Andreasen, Nota Pantzou & Dimitris C. Papadopoulos 2. When and why were caves modified, used, re ants were interviewed 'on the spot' while in the used, and abandoned? fields, or herding their goat/sheep, thus providing a 3. What are the socio-economic use values, the chance to visuallyidentify sitesin the vicinity. Some cognitive and symbolic associations ofcave sites informants volunteered to guide us to certain sites, for rural communities? this being an ideal means ofidentifying, dating, and interpreting cave structures, features, and artefacts. The overall aims ofthe project were to be achieved We would also return to informants to have further by means of a survey, in which archaeology and discussions in light ofthe survey findings. We were ethnography were equal partners. Our objective always eager to have contact with villagers engaged was to gather a comprehensive body ofevidence as in outdoor activities such as game hunting, logging, a basis for a quantitative and qualitative inquiry.''
Recommended publications
  • Verification of Vulnerable Zones Identified Under the Nitrate Directive \ and Sensitive Areas Identified Under the Urban Waste W
    CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 THE URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE (91/271/EEC) 1 1.2 THE NITRATES DIRECTIVE (91/676/EEC) 3 1.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 4 2 THE OFFICIAL GREEK DESIGNATION PROCESS 9 2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN GREECE 9 2.2 OFFICIAL DESIGNATION OF SENSITIVE AREAS 10 2.3 OFFICIAL DESIGNATION OF VULNERABLE ZONES 14 1 INTRODUCTION This report is a review of the areas designated as Sensitive Areas in conformity with the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and Vulnerable Zones in conformity with the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC in Greece. The review also includes suggestions for further areas that should be designated within the scope of these two Directives. Although the two Directives have different objectives, the areas designated as sensitive or vulnerable are reviewed simultaneously because of the similarities in the designation process. The investigations will focus upon: • Checking that those waters that should be identified according to either Directive have been; • in the case of the Nitrates Directive, assessing whether vulnerable zones have been designated correctly and comprehensively. The identification of vulnerable zones and sensitive areas in relation to the Nitrates Directive and Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive is carried out according to both common and specific criteria, as these are specified in the two Directives. 1.1 THE URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE (91/271/EEC) The Directive concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater as well as biodegradable wastewater from certain industrial sectors. The designation of sensitive areas is required by the Directive since, depending on the sensitivity of the receptor, treatment of a different level is necessary prior to discharge.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Spending on Regional Public Services in Greece: Spatial Distribution of Their Evolution Before and During the Financial Crisis
    Government spending on regional public services in Greece: Spatial distribution of their evolution before and during the financial crisis. Anastasiou Eugenia1,*, Theodossiou George2, Thanou Eleni3 1 PhD Candidate, Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Greece 2Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, TEI of Thessaly 3Lecturer, Graduate Program on Banking, Hellenic Open University *Corresponding author: [email protected], Tel +30 24210 74433 Abstract Greece is still caught in a prolonged recession, which started in 2008. As a result, the economy continues to shrink, which has direct repercussions on the level of private and public consumption as well as on the level government's functions. The present paper attempts to record and depict spatially the evolution of the per capita public spending of the central government on regional services. The specific category of public spending represents a measure of relative welfare as well as a measure of regional development. For the purposes of the research we applied analytical methods such as descriptive statistics and we used specialized mapping analysis programs and geographical information systems (GIS). The evolution over time is observed on the basis of the annual percentage changes of per capita spending. The period of analysis is 2008-2013 and it includes years before the manifestation of the economic crisis as well as the years of the crisis' peak. The thematic maps that were constructed on the basis of the data clearly demonstrate that government spending on the regions was dramatically reduced during the crisis while the period during which the tightening of fiscal policy had a direct impact on the regions stands out.
    [Show full text]
  • ANASTASIOS GEORGOTAS “Archaeological Tourism in Greece
    UNIVERSITY OF THE PELOPONNESE ANASTASIOS GEORGOTAS (R.N. 1012201502004) DIPLOMA THESIS: “Archaeological tourism in Greece: an analysis of quantitative data, determining factors and prospects” SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: - Assoc. Prof. Nikos Zacharias - Dr. Aphrodite Kamara EXAMINATION COMMITTEE: - Assoc. Prof. Nikolaos Zacharias - Dr. Aphrodite Kamara - Dr. Nikolaos Platis ΚΑΛΑΜΑΤΑ, MARCH 2017 Abstract . For many decades now, Greece has invested a lot in tourism which can undoubtedly be considered the country’s most valuable asset and “heavy industry”. The country is gifted with a rich and diverse history, represented by a variety of cultural heritage sites which create an ideal setting for this particular type of tourism. Moreover, the variations in Greece’s landscape, cultural tradition and agricultural activity favor the development and promotion of most types of alternative types of tourism, such as agro-tourism, religious, sports and medicinal tourism. However, according to quantitative data from the Hellenic Statistical Authority, despite the large number of visitors recorded in state-run cultural heritage sites every year, the distribution pattern of visitors presents large variations per prefecture. A careful examination of this data shows that tourist flows tend to concentrate in certain prefectures, while others enjoy little to no visitor preference. The main factors behind this phenomenon include the number and importance of cultural heritage sites and the state of local and national infrastructure, which determines the accessibility of sites. An effective analysis of these deficiencies is vital in order to determine solutions in order to encourage the flow of visitors to the more “neglected” areas. The present thesis attempts an in-depth analysis of cultural tourism in Greece and the factors affecting it.
    [Show full text]
  • EMIS): Design and Development Georgios N
    Environmental Technology & Innovation 5 (2016) 106–116 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental Technology & Innovation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eti Technology-based management of environmental organizations using an Environmental Management Information System (EMIS): Design and development Georgios N. Kouziokas ∗ University of Thessaly, School of Engineering, Department of Planning and Regional Development, 38334, Pedion Areos, Volos, Greece h i g h l i g h t s • The proposed system can bridge the chasm between technology and public participation in environmental decision making in a more formal manner. • The system promotes a holistic strategy for exploiting explicit and tacit knowledge to improve environmental management processes. • The developed system facilitates environmental management to deal with more complex factors associated with issues of various natures. article info a b s t r a c t Article history: The adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in environmental Received 19 August 2014 management has become a significant demand nowadays with the rapid growth of Received in revised form 27 December 2015 environmental information. This paper presents a prototype Environmental Management Accepted 17 January 2016 Information System (EMIS) that was developed to provide a systematic way of managing Available online 21 January 2016 environmental data and human resources of an environmental organization. The system was designed using programming languages, a Database Management
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Voting Gap in the Dawn of Urbanization: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment with Greek Special Elections
    GreeSE Papers Hellenic Observatory Discussion Papers on Greece and Southeast Europe Paper No. 146 Gender voting gap in the dawn of urbanization: evidence from a quasi-experiment with Greek special elections Georgios Efthyvoulou, Pantelis Kammas and Vassilis Sarantides March 2020 Gender voting gap in the dawn of urbanization: evidence from a quasi-experiment with Greek special elections Georgios Efthyvoulou, Pantelis Kammas and Vassilis Sarantides GreeSE Paper No. 146 Hellenic Observatory Papers on Greece and Southeast Europe All views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Hellenic Observatory or the LSE © Georgios Efthyvoulou, Pantelis Kammas and Vassilis Sarantides Contents Abstract_______________________________________________________________ii 1. Introduction ________________________________________________________1 2. Theoretical considerations_____________________________________________5 2.1 Gender gap in political preferences and the effect of female labour force participation_________________________________________________________5 2.2 The U-shaped relationship between economic development and female labour force participation____________________________________________________6 2.3 Greece in the dawn of urbanization: The case of an economy in transition____9 3. Empirical design____________________________________________________10 3.1 Data and variables _______________________________________________10 3.2 Empirical model specification_______________________________________15
    [Show full text]
  • Control of EU Funded Priority Projects Shortlisted by ''Task Force for Greece
    Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union Directorate for Budgetary Affairs Secretariat of the Committee on Budgetary Control Brussels, 22 September 2015 Fact-finding mission of the Budgetary Control Committee (CONT) to Greece 24/25 September 2015 DRAFT PROGRAMME Control of EU funded priority projects shortlisted by ‘’Task Force for Greece” Members of the delegation: 1 .Ms Ingeborg Gräßle (EPP, DE, Head of Delegation) 2. Mr Tomáš Zdechovský (EPP, CZ) 3. Ms Verónica Lope Fontagné (EPP, ES) 4. Mr Gilles Pargneaux (S&D, FR) 5. Mr Georgi Pirinski (S&D, BG) 6. Ms Inés Ayala Sender (S&D, ES) 7. Mr Anders Primdahl Vistisen (ECR, DA) 8. Mr Igor Šoltes (The Greens/EFA, SL) Accompanying Members: 9. Ms Eva Kaili (S&D, GR) 10. Mr Miltiadis Kyrkos (S&D, GR) CONT Secretariat 1. Mr Michal Czaplicki (EP mobile: +32-475/754 668) 2. Mr Hrvoje Svetic (EP mobile: +32-498/983 593) Advisors of Political Groups 1. Mr Balazs Szechy (EPP) 2. Ms Stefanie Ricken (S&D) 3. Mr Roccu Garoby (The Greens/EFA) Commission DG REGIO 1. Mr Stylianos Loupasis, - team leader 2. Mr Antonios Sartzetakis (Thessaloniki Metro, double high-speed railway line Tithorea- Lianokladi-Domokos, E65, Karla Lake). 3. Mr Panayiotis Thanou (cadastre, E-ticket, national registry. He is a desk officer (AD) in charge of Digital OP). ECA Mr Lazaros Lazarou, Member of the European Court of Auditors Interpreters FR Ms Stalia Georgoulis - team leader Ms Nathalie Paspaliari EN Ms Ioulia Spetsiou Mr Jose Fisher Rodrigu EL Ms Maria Provata Ms Vasiliki Chrysanthakopo Mr Laurent Recchia - technician, valise Languages covered EN, FR, EL Coordination in Athens - European Parliament Information Office Ms Maria KAROUZOU - logistics Mr Leonidas ANTONAKOPOULOS Head of Information Office of the European Parliament in Greece (8 Leof.
    [Show full text]
  • AGENDA WEDNESDAY, 3 OCTOBER 2018 THURSDAY, 4 OCTOBER 2018 (CONT.) 15:55 Depart from Eleftherios Venizelos • Mr
    REGION OF WESTERN MACEDONIA 3 – 6 October 2018 Business Visit to the Region of Western Macedonia Foreign Economic and Commercial Missions and other Foreign Interests AGENDA WEDNESDAY, 3 OCTOBER 2018 THURSDAY, 4 OCTOBER 2018 (CONT.) 15:55 Depart from Eleftherios Venizelos • Mr. Eleftherios Ioannidis, Mayor of the Munici- Airport pality of Kozani 16:50 Arrival at the Makedonia Aiport (SKG) in • Μr. George Konstantopoulos, President of Thessaloniki Greek Exporters Association (SEVE) 17:15 Departure by private Bus to Kozani 10:00 – Speeches 11:45 19:30 Arrival and Check in at ELENA Hotel and • Ms. Dimitra Pragalou, Investment Promotion Aliakmon Hotel Directorate, Enterprise Greece, «The Investment Profile of the Region of Western Macedonia» 20:00 Departure by private Bus to a local restaurant (tbc) • Mr. Spyros Ignatiadis, General Director at Greek Exporters Association (SEVE), «The 20:30 – Welcoming speech by Mr. Theodoros Exports Outlook of Western Macedonia 22:00 Karypidis, Governor of the Region of Western Macedonia Region» Signing of a Memorandum of • Dr. Christos Georgiou, Director of Documenta- Collaboration between Enterprise tion, Research and Studies Directorate at Feder- Greece and the Region of Western ation of Industries of Northern Greece (SBBE), Macedonia «The Manufacturing Sector in Western Macedo- nia: Prospects for Enterpreneurial Cooperation» Dinner (hosted by Mr. Theodoros 11:45 – Coffee Break Karypidis, Governor of the Region of 12:00 Western Macedonia) (Main Conference Room Foyer, Ground floor) 12:00 – B2B meetings 14:00 (Main Conference Room Foyer, Ground floor) THURSDAY, 4 OCTOBER 2018 12:00 – Training business seminar for SMEs – Mr. 08:30 – Registration 14:00 George Papastergiopoulos, Director of Busi- 09:00 (Western Macedonia Exhibition Center, Main ness Information & Support, Enterprise Greece, Conference Room Foyer, Ground floor) “Taking the rights steps for successful export” 09:00 – Welcome Remarks (Room 4, 1st floor) 10:00 Coordinator: Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE 1. PERSONAL INFORMATION SURNAME : STAVROTHEODOROU FIRST NAME : ELENI DATE OF BIRTH : 31/05/1982 PLACE OF BIRTH : LARISSA, GREECE OCCUPATION : CIVIL ENGINEER NATIONALITY : GREEK HOME ADDRESS : TERPSITHEA, LARISSA P.C. 415 00 GREECE TELEPHONE : HOME : 00302410851030 MOBILE: 00306974794197 e-mail : [email protected] 2. ΑCADEMIC STUDIES 2016: PhD in the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly, entitled “Advanced elastoplastic simulation of staged construction and impoundment of tall concrete face rockfill dams”. 2010: MSc in the Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, entitled “Spatial Analysis and Environmental Management”. 2008: MSc in the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly, entitled “Applied Mechanics and Systems Simulation”. 2006: Diploma in Civil Engineering of Democritus University of Thrace, spatialized in Structural Engineering. 3. RESEARCH . My Doctoral dissertation entitled “Advanced elastoplastic simulation of staged construction and impoundment of tall concrete face rockfill dams”, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly, 2016. My Master thesis entitled “The residents’ attitudes and views for the development and management of Lake Karla’s region”, Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, 2010. 1 . My diploma thesis entitled “High metal structure research with steel-concrete composite slabs”, Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 2006. 4. AWARDS AND DISTINCTIONS . In September 2010 my Doctoral dissertation entitled “Advanced elastoplastic simulation of staged construction and impoundment of tall concrete face rockfill dams” was assessed with 9.28, taking the scholarship research program HERAKLEITOS II of the Ministry of Education, Lifelong Learning and Religious Affairs, which is co-financed by the NSRF (National Strategic Reference Framework) 2007-2013 and the ESF (European Social Fund).
    [Show full text]
  • Tick-Borne Pathogens and Diseases in Greece
    microorganisms Review Tick-Borne Pathogens and Diseases in Greece Artemis Efstratiou 1,†, Gabriele Karanis 2 and Panagiotis Karanis 3,4,* 1 National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; [email protected] 2 Orthopädische Rehabilitationsklinik, Eisenmoorbad Bad Schmiedeberg Kur GmbH, 06905 Bad Schmiedeberg, Germany; [email protected] 3 Medical Faculty and University Hospital, The University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany 4 Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi. P.O. Box 24005, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus * Correspondence: [email protected] † Current address: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany. Abstract: Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are recognized as a serious and growing public health epidemic in Europe, and are a cause of major losses in livestock production worldwide. This review is an attempt to present a summary of results from studies conducted over the last century until the end of the year 2020 regarding ticks, tick-borne pathogens, and tick-borne diseases in Greece. We provide an overview of the tick species found in Greece, as well as the most important tick-borne pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa) and corresponding diseases in circulation. We also consider prevalence data, as well as geographic and climatic conditions. Knowledge of past and current situations of TBDs, as well as an awareness of (risk) factors affecting future developments will help to find approaches to integrated tick management as part of the ‘One Health Concept’; it will assist in avoiding the possibility of hotspot disease emergencies and intra- and intercontinental transmission.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Affairs Handbook on Greece
    Preliminary Draft CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK on GREECE feQfiJtion Thirteen on fcSSLJC HJI4LTH 4ND S 4 N 1 T £ T I 0 N THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT DIVISION OFFICE OF THE PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL Preliminary Draft INTRODUCTION Purposes of the Civil Affairs Handbook. International Law places upon an occupying power the obligation and responsibility for establishing government and maintaining civil order in the areas occupied. The basic purposes of civil affairs officers are thus (l) to as- sist the Commanding General of the combat units by quickly establishing those orderly conditions which will contribute most effectively to the conduct of military operations, (2) to reduce to a minimum the human suffering and the material damage resulting from disorder and (3) to create the conditions which will make it possible for civilian agencies to function effectively. The preparation of Civil Affairs Handbooks is a part of the effort of the War Department to carry out this obligation as efficiently and humanely as is possible. The Handbooks do not deal with planning or policy. They are rather ready reference source books of the basic factual information needed for planning and policy making. Public Health and Sanitation in Greece. As a result of the various occupations, Greece presents some extremely difficult problems in health and sanitation. The material in this section was largely prepared by the MILBANK MEMORIAL FUND and the MEDICAL INTELLI- GENCE BRANCH OF THE OFFICE OF THE SURGEON GENERAL. If additional data on current conditions can be obtained, it willJse incorporated in the final draft of the handbook for Greece as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Acheloos to Pinios Interbasin Water Transfer in the Context of Integrated Water Resources Management
    A Perpetually Interrupted Interbasin Water Transfer as a Modern Greek Drama: Assessing the Acheloos to Pinios Interbasin Water Transfer in the Context of Integrated Water Resources Management Case Study Hristos Tyralis1*, Aristoteles Tegos2, Anastasia Delichatsiou3, Nikos Mamassis4, Demetris Koutsoyiannis5 1,2,4,5Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechneiou 5, 157 80 Zografou, Greece 2 [email protected] 3Retired, Infrastructure Directorate, General Staff, Hellenic Air Force, Mpodosaki 4, 142 32 Nea Ionia, Greece, adeli- [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Interbasin water transfer is a primary instrument of water resources management directly related with the inte- grated development of the economy, society and environment. Here we assess the project of the interbasin water transfer from the river Acheloos to the river Pinios basin which has intrigued the Greek society, the politicians and scientists for decades. The set of criteria we apply originate from a previous study reviewing four interbasin water transfers and assessing whether an interbasin water transfer is compatible with the concept of integrated water resources management. In this respect, we assess which of the principles of the integrated water resources management the Acheloos to Pinios interbasin water transfer project does or does not satisfy. While the project meets the criteria of real surplus and deficit, of sustainability and of sound science, i.e., the criteria mostly relat- ed to the engineering part, it fails to meet the criteria of good governance and balancing of existing rights with needs, i.e., the criteria associated with social aspects of the project.
    [Show full text]
  • ENG-Karla-Web-Extra-Low.Pdf
    231 CULTURE AND WETLANDS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Using cultural values for wetland restoration 2 CULTURE AND WETLANDS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Using cultural values for wetland restoration Lake Karla walking guide Mediterranean Institute for Nature and Anthropos Med-INA, Athens 2014 3 Edited by Stefanos Dodouras, Irini Lyratzaki and Thymio Papayannis Contributors: Charalampos Alexandrou, Chairman of Kerasia Cultural Association Maria Chamoglou, Ichthyologist, Managing Authority of the Eco-Development Area of Karla-Mavrovouni-Kefalovryso-Velestino Antonia Chasioti, Chairwoman of the Local Council of Kerasia Stefanos Dodouras, Sustainability Consultant PhD, Med-INA Andromachi Economou, Senior Researcher, Hellenic Folklore Research Centre, Academy of Athens Vana Georgala, Architect-Planner, Municipality of Rigas Feraios Ifigeneia Kagkalou, Dr of Biology, Polytechnic School, Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace Vasilis Kanakoudis, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly Thanos Kastritis, Conservation Manager, Hellenic Ornithological Society Irini Lyratzaki, Anthropologist, Med-INA Maria Magaliou-Pallikari, Forester, Municipality of Rigas Feraios Sofia Margoni, Geomorphologist PhD, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly Antikleia Moudrea-Agrafioti, Archaeologist, Department of History, Archaeology and Social Anthropology, University of Thessaly Triantafyllos Papaioannou, Chairman of the Local Council of Kanalia Aikaterini Polymerou-Kamilaki, Director of the Hellenic Folklore Research
    [Show full text]