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History of Islam
Istanbul 1437 / 2016 © Erkam Publications 2016 / 1437 H HISTORY OF ISLAM Original Title : İslam Tarihi (Ders Kitabı) Author : Commission Auteur du Volume « Histoire de l’Afrique » : Dr. Said ZONGO Coordinator : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Faruk KANGER Academic Consultant : Lokman HELVACI Translator : Fulden ELİF AYDIN Melda DOĞAN Corrector : Mohamed ROUSSEL Editor : İsmail ERİŞ Graphics : Rasim ŞAKİROĞLU Mithat ŞENTÜRK ISBN : 978-9944-83-747-7 Addresse : İkitelli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Mahallesi Atatürk Bulvarı Haseyad 1. Kısım No: 60/3-C Başakşehir / Istanbul - Turkey Tel : (90-212) 671-0700 (pbx) Fax : (90-212) 671-0748 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.islamicpublishing.org Printed by : Erkam Printhouse Language : English ERKAM PUBLICATIONS TEXTBOOK HISTORY OF ISLAM 10th GRADE ERKAM PUBLICATIONS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE ERA OF FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS (632–661) / 8 A. THE ELECTION OF THE FIRST CALIPH .............................................................................................. 11 B. THE PERIOD OF ABU BAKR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (632–634) ....................................... 11 C. THE PERIOD OF UMAR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (634–644) ............................................... 16 D. THE PERIOD OF UTHMAN (May Allah be Pleased with him) (644–656) ........................................ 21 E. THE PERIOD OF ALI (May Allah be pleased with him) (656-661) ...................................................... 26 EVALUATION QUESTIONS ......................................................................................................................... -
Districts Leather Products and Sweet Andalusí Confectionery
streets, the economy linked to olive oil production, craftsmanship in the form of Districts leather products and sweet Andalusí confectionery. But our Moorish heritage is mixed here with Roman roads, Christian invasions, legends of of Cadiz highway robbers and the sleepers for a railway that was never built, now used happily by trekkers. The Sierra of Cadiz also houses an abundant archaeological the cathedral – so exotic – and heritage dating back over La Janda the pink, pale blue and yellow 250,000 years. facades of Campo del Sur, the Arcos de Frontera is one of the What was one the largest lake innumerable watchtowers, the best known white villages. You in Spain gives its name to this museums and the monument to only have to see it to understand district of countryside and the Cadiz Parliament of 1812, why it has been classified as a on the coast of Andalusia: Costa beaches. We start in Conil de la the origin of modern Spain. Historic-Artistic Monument. It is Ballena, which spreads through Cadiz Frontera, a seafaring village with A steamboat crosses the bay followed by Ubrique, El Bosque both boroughs. The Chipiona long beaches and a great tourist every day to connect Cadiz to El and Prado del Rey, known not lighthouse is famous for being atmosphere. Following the coast, Puerto de Santa María, the city only for the beauty of their the tallest in Spain. we arrive at the Palmar beach that was home to Christopher landscapes but for their local and the beaches of Los Caños de Meca, in the borough of Barbate. -
Andalusia, Spain
OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development Andalusia, Spain SELF-EVALUATION REPORT Julie Laurent, Inmaculada Periáñez Forte, Eulalia W. Petit de Gabriel Directorate for Education Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE) Julie Laurent – Inmaculada Periáñez – Eulalia W. Petit Please, send your comments to: Eulalia W. Petit de Gabriel, at [email protected] Coordinadora Regional - Regional Co-ordinator Higher Education Institutions and Regions www.oecd.org/edu/higher/regionaldevelopment Or to: Inmaculada Periáñez Forte, at [email protected] Mª Ángeles Ruiz Ruiz, at [email protected] Regional Government of Andalusia - Government of Andalusia Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa Regional Ministry for Innovation, Science and Enterprise Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología General Secretariat for Universities, Research and Technology Postal Address: Avda. Albert Einstein, s/n Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93 41092 - Sevilla - Spain This report was prepared by the Regional Ministry for Innovation, Science and Enterprise of Andalusia in collaboration with the ten public universities of Andalusia and a number of regional stakeholders, as an input to the OECD Review of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. It was prepared in response to guidelines provided by the OECD to all participating regions. The guidelines encouraged constructive and critical evaluation of the policies, practices -
Islamic Spain: Model of Peaceful Coexistence
Phillips: Islamic Spain: Model of Peaceful Coexistence Islamic Spain: Model of Peaceful Coexistence rian Peninsula and was soon able to conquer the Iberian cities of By Gabriela Profeta Phillips Cordoba, Guadalajara, and To- ledo. By 719 the invading forces (known as the Moors), ruled from the Gibraltar strait, to the coast, and The Islamic world of pre- and to the Pyrenees. Judging by the early medieval Spain has elicited names they gave to places and cit- the interest of many religious ies, one can conclude that many of and secular scholars because of the Berbers who arrived with the the peaceful coexistence by di- Arabs were still Christians. verse ethnic and religious com- Why the Muslims did not oc- munities. The Moorish presence cupy the entire Iberian Peninsula in Spain is still a subject of de- from the beginning is a question bate. Was Islam beneficial to that remains unanswered. Even Spain? What course would history more intriguing is the fact that the have taken without the Muslim Muslims apparently had no inten- presence? What are the lingering tion of occupying it later. Apart results of Spain’s relationship from the Battle of Rio Barbate, the with Islam? Why did the Moors Muslims proceeded unchecked stop short of occupying the en- across Spain with an army of only tire peninsula at the height of about 25,000 and with only a few their expansive campaign? How towns resisting. were they able to depart so el- Prior to the Muslim arrival, the egantly at the end of the 16th cen- Christian Visigoths ruled a Spain tury? Answers to these questions that was totally falling apart. -
Patrimonio Industrial: Pasado, Presente Y Futuro 410
MOLINOS TRADICIONALES EN LA CAMPIÑA DE MEDINA- SIDONIA Y EL TERRITORIO DE FRONTERA. BASES PARA LA INSCRIPCIÓN GENÉRICA COLECTIVA EN EL CATÁLOGO GENERAL DEL PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO ANDALUZ Manuel Chaparro Campos; Arquitecto, Máster en Arquitectura y Patrimonio Histórico, Doctorando en Arquitectura; [email protected] Vicente Prieto Barea; Arquitecto, Máster en Arquitectura y Patrimonio Histórico; [email protected] RESUMEN La predominancia de cultivos cerealistas de secano y la presencia, hasta finales del siglo XVIII, de olivar en la campiña de Medina-Sidonia ha dejado un gran número de ingenios dedicados a la transformación del trigo en harina y de la aceituna en aceite, surgiendo una industria ligada a la elaboración de productos y otros oficios asociados, como la cantería para la realización de piedras de molino o la ganadería y la arriería. Los manantiales, arroyos y ríos de la zona propiciaron la instalación de molinos harineros hidráulicos desde la Edad Media. Entre los siglos XVIII y XIX se inicia la instalación de molinos de viento que convivirán con los molinos hidráulicos hasta finales del siglo XX. La escasa presencia de olivar deja como testigos de la producción aceitera escasos y dispersos ejemplos de almazaras en la comarca. El estudio en profundidad de estos ingenios pone de relieve que la protección patrimonial con la que cuentan los molinos tradicionales de la campiña de Medina-Sidonia es escasa. Toda vez que están presentes en ellos los valores patrimoniales de carácter etnológico, histórico e identitario y dentro de las posibilidades que ofrece la Ley de Patrimonio Histórico de Andalucía, se propone la figura de la inscripción colectiva de carácter genérico como la más adecuada dada su dispersión en el territorio y su mayor valor dentro de un discurso de conjunto de elementos y circunstancias asociadas que como mera suma de elementos individualizados, dotándolos de un adecuado grado de protección y evitando su destrucción y desaparición. -
The Future of the Almadraba Sector – Traditional Tuna Fishing Methods in the Eu
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES FISHERIES THE FUTURE OF THE ALMADRABA SECTOR – TRADITIONAL TUNA FISHING METHODS IN THE EU STUDY This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries. AUTHORS PROBITEC, Spain: Luis Ambrosio, Pablo Xandri RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Priit Ojamaa Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE Virginija Kelmelytė LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE PUBLISHER To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in April 2015. © European Union, 2015. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES FISHERIES THE FUTURE OF THE ALMADRABA SECTOR – TRADITIONAL TUNA FISHING METHODS IN THE EU STUDY Abstract Bluefin tuna is one of the most important fish species in terms of value and source of employment in the EU. Eastern Bluefin Tuna trap set (“Almadraba”) harvesting is currently only practiced in Italy, Morocco, Portugal and Spain, though such fishing method was widely used throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and is of socio-economic and cultural relevance. Almadraba are more labour-intensive than any other fishing method and their production is increasingly appreciated by a high-end consumer market, either internal or international. -
A Dragonfly Trip Report: Western Andalusia, June 2017
Boletín Rola nº 11, primer semestre 2018 A dragonfly trip report: Western Andalusia, June 2017 Antoine van der Heijden1 & Albert Vliegenthart2 1 Nederlandse Vereniging voor Libellenstudie. Contact: [email protected] 2 Dutch Butterfly Conservation, PO Box 506, 6700 AM Wageningen. Contact: [email protected] SUMMARY Dragonfly (Odonata) records collected during a field trip to Western Andalucía in June 2017 are presented. In ten field days, 42 species of Odonata were observed, which represents two-thirds of the Andalusian odonatofauna. RESUMEN Se presenta una recopilación de citas de libélulas (Odonata) observadas durante un viaje a Andalucía Occidental realizado en Junio 2017. Durante estos diez días de campo, 42 especies de Odonata han sido avistadas, representando dos tiercos de la odonatofauna andaluza. INTRODUCTION From the 2nd until the 11th of June 2017 the authors made a field trip to Western Andalusia for recording dragonflies (Fig. 1). This paper presents an overview of the observation data collected on this trip. The localities visited during the trip (Table 1) were mostly planified in colaboration with the Andalusian Dragonfly Recording Scheme (ROLA) in order to survey sites and to provide data for the European dragonflies monitoring project. 25 Boletín Rola nº 11, primer semestre 2018 Coenagrion caerulescens, oviposition (AHE). Starting near Malaga, the first area visited was the Guadalhorce valley and Arroyo de las Piedras. From there we travelled west, through the Sierra de Grazalema into Los Alcornocales where several locations were visited from the 4th to 7th of June. This area was known from VLIEGENTHART, A., a previous trip in July 2014 (Vliegenthart et al., 2015). -
Contribution of Decision Support Systems to Water Management
1020 © 2019 The Authors Hydrology Research | 50.4 | 2019 Contribution of decision support systems to water management improvement in basins with high evaporation in Mediterranean climates Verónica Ruiz-Ortiz, Santiago García-López, Abel Solera and Javier Paredes ABSTRACT The entry into force of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 Verónica Ruiz-Ortiz (corresponding author) Department of Industrial Engineering and Civil October 2000 established a new model for the management and protection of surface water and Engineering, University of Cadiz, groundwater in Europe. In this sense, a thorough knowledge of the basins is an essential step in Campus Bay of Algeciras, Avda. Ramón Puyol s/n achieving this European objective. The utility of integrative decision support systems (DSS) for 11202 Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain decision-making in complex systems and multiple objectives allows decision-makers to identify E-mail: [email protected] characteristics and improve water management in a basin. In this research, hydrological and water Santiago García-López Department of Earth Sciences, management resource models have been combined, with the assistance of the DSS AQUATOOL, with University of Cadiz, the aim of deepening the consideration of losses by evaporation of reservoirs for a better design of Campus Río San Pedro s/n 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, the basin management rules. The case study treated is an Andalusian basin of the Atlantic zone Spain (Spain). At the same time, different management strategies are analysed based on the optimization Abel Solera Javier Paredes of the available resources by means of the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater. -
Chapter Ii: Analysis of the State of the Environment in Andalusia
2004-2010 Andalusian Environment Plan CHAPTER II: ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN ANDALUSIA Regional Ministry of the Environment of Andalusia 2004-2010 JUNTA DE ANDALUCIA 27 2004-2010 Andalusian Environment Plan CHAPTER II: ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN ANDALUSIA The 2004-2010 Andalusian Environment Plan seeks to take forward a sustainable development model capable of rising above existing environmental deficits whilst adding value to the strengths of the environment in Andalusia. Moreover, the new Plan seeks to respond to emerging challenges, avoiding future imbalances whilst taking advantage of existing opportunities in Andalusia. The 2004-2010 AEP is inspired by the new environmental and sustainable development guidelines set forth at the international level, particularly by the EU and the OECD. However, it must also consider the current situation in Andalusia, assessing those areas in which progress has been made, as well as those in which the deficits have not been redressed. From this perspective, it is necessary to perform an analysis of the current situation of the environment in Andalusia, assessing its evolution and potential trends. In short, it is a question of reflecting the environmental situation in Andalusia, with a view to establishing objectives conducive to achieving sustainability. Moreover, it is necessary to determine the impact of the previous Plan on the Andalusian environment, assessing the positive and negative effects of the programmes. For this reason, the second part of this chapter tackles with the assessment of the 1997-2002 Environment Plan, from a quantitative and qualitative perspective, as a benchmark for environmental planning. -
The Ascendency of Gibraltar During the Age of Napoleon
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 Becoming Nelson's Refuge and Wellington's Rock: The Ascendancy of Gibraltar during the Age of Napoleon (1793-1815) Jason R. Musteen Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BECOMING NELSON’S REFUGE AND WELLINGTON’S ROCK: THE ASCENDANCY OF GIBRALTAR DURING THE AGE OF NAPOLEON (1793-1815) By JASON R. MUSTEEN A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2005 Copyright © 2005 Jason R. Musteen All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Jason R. Musteen defended on April 5, 2005. ___________________________ Donald D. Horward Professor Directing Dissertation ___________________________ Eric Walker Outside Committee Member ___________________________ James Pickett Jones, Jr. Committee Member ___________________________ Jonathan Grant Committee Member ___________________________ Edward Wynot, Jr. Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the culmination of many hours work and I believe the pleasure has been all mine; however, the burden has been shared by many. The forbearance shown by my family has been my greatest asset in concluding this study. Many hours in front of a computer have been compounded by research trips to Europe and side ventures to conferences that all took me away from them. Through it all, they have listened to stories only a historian could enjoy, they have supported me, and they have driven me to completion. -
Publication of an Application for Approval of an Amendment, Which
20.2.2020 EN Offi cial Jour nal of the European Union C 57/25 Publication of an application for approval of an amendment, which is not minor, to a product specification pursuant to Article 50(2)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs (2020/C 57/09) This publication confers the right to oppose the amendment application pursuant to Article 51 of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (1) within three months from the date of this publication. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF AN AMENDMENT TO THE PRODUCT SPECIFICATION OF PROTECTED DESIGNATIONS OF ORIGIN/PROTECTED GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS WHICH IS NOT MINOR Application for approval of an amendment in accordance with the first subparagraph of Article 53(2), of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 ‘MOJAMA DE BARBATE’ EU No: PGI-ES-01210-AM01 – 3 October 2018 PDO ( ) PGI (X) 1. Applicant group and legitimate interest Consejo Regulador de las Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas Mojama de Barbate y Mojama de Isla Cristina, Glorieta del Agua no 4, planta 2, módulo 9 41940 Tomares Seville SPAIN Tel. +34 954151823 Email: [email protected] The legitimate interest of the applicant group is based on the fact that it is the body responsible for managing the Protected Geographical Indication ‘Mojama de Barbate’ and was the original applicant for registration of the name. 2. Member State or third country Spain 3. Heading in the product specification affected by the amendment(s) Name of product Description of product Geographical area Proof of origin Method of production Link Labelling Other [to be specified] 4. -
Guiadelaprovincia-Ingles.Pdf
Welcome to Cádiz The province of Cadiz is in vogue. The fact that for many years it has remained separated from the mass tourism that has affected di- fferent areas along the Andalusian coast has facilitated the growth of a quality tourism that has respected the environment. This is not surprising, given that Cadiz is en- dowed with every attractive feature that a first class tourist destination needs: kilometres of beaches with transparent waters and fine gol- den sands framed by pine forests and endless stretches of dunes; mountain areas that have been declared a Biosphere Reserve (Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park), as well as having territory included in five other natural parks and numerous natural spaces: a unique gas- tronomy that draws from both sea and sierra produce, with high quality wines protected un- der the Jerez-Xeres-Sherry, Mazanilla de Sanlu- car and Sherry Vinegar Denomination of Origin (DO); festivals of International Tourist Interest with a marked personality; towns full of protec- ted monuments, and customs and traditions, like flamenco, whose earliest origins can in many cases be traced to the province of Cadiz. And if this were not enough, Cadiz is blessed with over 3,000 hours of sunlight each year and mild temperatures that allow visitors to take advantage of the superb surroundings, in addition to a friendly population whose warmth helps make all who come feel right at home. Come to Cadiz. Get to know us. Entre dos mares Located at the southernmost point of Europe, The many protected monuments and the rich in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, the art heritage of millenarian and aristocratic ci- natural borders of Cadiz are the provinces of ties like Cadiz, Jerez and Sanlúcar de Barra- Huelva, Seville and Malaga.