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SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY PRESS Darussalam - Banda Aceh Topik Seminar Tempat & Waktu >> Lab. Simulasi dan Pemodelan Matematika Gedung RKU-2 Unsyiah, 01- 22 November 2013 | Cp : Riza (0852 7727 7677) >> Biaya : Rp 150.000 (UMUM) | Rp 100.000 (Mahasiswa / Pelajar) Pendaftaran >> Fasilitas : 2 x Makan Siang, 4 x Snack, Sertifikat, Seminar Kit. Kampus MIPA, 25-26 November 2013 SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY PRESS Darussalam - Banda Aceh Etnomatematik dan Etnosains Seminar Serantau Etnomatematik Malayonesia II 25 - 26 November 2013 Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia PROSIDING Penyunting: Shaharir b. M. Z., Malaysia Said Munzir, Indonesia Salmawaty Arif, Indonesia Penerbit: Syiah Kuala University Press Seminar Serantau Etnomatematik Malayonesia II Penyunting: Shaharir b. M. Z. Said Munzir Salmawaty Arif Panitia Seminar Pengarah: Rektor Universitas Syiah Kuala Dekan FMIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala Ketua Jurusan Matematika Universitas Syiah Kuala Rektor Universitas Abulyatama Ketua LPPM Universitas Abulyatama Ketua INSPEM Universiti Putra Malaysia Sekretaris ASASI Malaysia Ketua Majelis Adat Aceh Pelaksana: Ketua : Salmawaty Arif Sekretaris : Novi Reandy Sasmita Bendahara : Riza Juniardi Anggota : Himpunan Mahasiswa Matematika FMIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala ISBN : 978-602-1270-23-3 Penerbit : SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY PRESS Kampus Universitas Syiah Kuala Jln. Tgk. Chik Pante Kulu No. 1 Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111 Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang Dilarang keras memperbanyak, memfotocopy sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini, serta memperjual belikannya tanpa mendapat izin tertulis dari Penerbit DAFTAR ISI Daftar Isi i Pengantar iii ETNOMATEMATIK Etnomatematik Malayonesia Kontemporer 1 Shaharir b. M. Z. Perkembangan Terkini Riset Etnomatematika di Prodi 14 Matematika FMIPA Unsyiah dan Rancangan Riset Lanjutan Said Munzir Epistemologi, Falsafah dan Etnomatematik: ke Arah Kesepaduan 24 Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif Mat Rofa Ismail Penyimpanan Bagian Warisan Menggunakan Komputer 41 Salmawaty Arif Penentuan Bagian Tiga Ahli Waris Berdasarkan Manuskrip Tabel 47 Fara’idh Aceh Menggunakan Metode Kombinatorik Ernita, Salmawaty Arif dan Said Munzir Penerapan Geometri pada Kasab Aceh 56 Sri Wardani, Miksalmina dan Mahfuzailda Optimisasi Penjualan Kue Tradisional Aceh 63 Desy Puspita Sary, Yesi Budaya Sari dan Nova Ernyda ETNOSAINS Sains Halal sebagai Ilmu Peribumi Perspektif Malaysia 71 Nurdeng Deuraseh, Hashim Hj Musa dan Salmah Jan Noor Muhammad Ethno Scientists and Technologists Melayu Aceh 86 Qismullah Yusuf Peranan Masyarakat Desa Tibang dalam Menjaga Kelestarian 96 Burung Air Aida Fithri Rekonstruksi Model Situs Kuta Lubok Berdasarkan Data 101 Elektromagnetik Very Low Frequency (VLF) Nazli Ismail, Muhammad Yanis, Gunawati Budaya Teknologi Pembuatan Rumoh Aceh dan Fungsinya yang 111 Adaptif dengan Gempa (Kajian Etnosains dan Etnoteknologi Masyarakat Aceh Besar) Muhajir Al Fairusy Media Pembelajaran dan Pengenalan Pakaian Adat Aceh 117 Menggunakan Software Blender Siti Fauzia Hanum Animasi Cerita Rakyat Aceh “Amat Rhang Manyang” 121 Menggunakan Software Blender Wardah PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb. Seminar Serantau Etnomatematik Malayonesia II telah dilaksanakan di Jurusan Matematika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh pada tanggal 25-26 November 2013. Pelaksanaan Seminar Serantau Etnomatematik Malayonesia II ini merupakan kerjasama antara FMIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala dengan Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar, Institut Penyelidikan Matematik (INSPEM), Universiti Putra Malaysia, dan Akademi Sains Islam (ASASI), Malaysia. Makalah-makalah dalam Prosiding ini menjelaskan kegiatan dalam Seminar Serantau Etnomatematik Malayonesia II yang telah dilaksanakan selama dua hari. Kumpulan makalah dikelompokkan ke dalam dua bagian sesuai dengan topiknya, yaitu Etnomatematik dan Etnosains. Semua makalah telah ditelaah oleh Dewan Penyunting. Penghargaan utama disampaikan kepada Dekan FMIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dr. Hizir Sofyan atas prakarsa dan dukungannya terhadap terselenggaranya seminar ini. Terimakasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penerbitan Prosiding ini dan penyelenggaraan Seminar Serantau Etnomatematik Malayonesia II. Semoga seminar serupa akan berlanjut di masa mendatang. Darussalam, 01 September 2014 06 Dzulqa’idah 1436 H Shaharir b. M. Z. Said Munzir Salmawaty Arif ETNOMATEMATIK Seminar Serantau Etnomatematik Malayonesia II – Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSYIAH, LPPM Universitas Abulyatama, INSPEM UPM, dan ASASI ETNOMATEMATIK MALAYONESIA KONTEMPORER* SHAHARIR b. M. Z. Pusat Dialog Peradaban, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia [email protected] Abstrak. Etnomatematik lebih dikenali sejak pengajuannya oleh D’Ambrosio dalam sekitar akhir dasawarsa 1980-an, sebagai matematik sesuatu kumpulan etnik, bangsa atau peradaban dahulu kala. Bagi D’Ambrosio Ilmu ini digali dengan tujuan untuk digunakan sebagai unsur pendidikan bagi tujuan membebaskan matematik daripada bercitrakan hasil peradaban Eropah sahaja kepada pelbagai tamadun, khasnya peradaban sendiri, dan menghilangkan rasa perhambaan Eropah. Takrif etnomatematik sebegini dianggap tidak menepati tabii matematik itu sendiri. Lantaran takrif itu diperluaskan oleh penulis ini sejak awal alaf ini sehingga menjadi etnomatematik sebagai karya sesuatu etnik atau bangsa sepanjang masa sejak zaman Yunani sehinggalah matematik kontemporer. Bagi mengukuhkan lagi takrif ini, sejak beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini kumpulan penulis ini telah menerbitkan beberapa unsur sains matematik kontemporer yang berupa kritikan matematik kini berasaskan sistem nilai Malayonesia dan seterusnya membina beberapa unsur matematik baharu yang dianggap lebih baik daripada yang ada masa kini. Contoh unsur matematik itu ialah pengoptimumam yang menjadi sinonim dengan ekonomi dan unsur asas atau dominan dalam pengurusan dan kewangan di samping unsur penting dalam bidang sains dan teknologi. Contoh lainnya yang turut dibicarakan di sini ialah bunga yang menjelma sebagai faedah, dividen, bonus, faktor abat/diskaun, anuiti dan sebagainya di dalam urusan kewangan; mantik atau lojik (logik/logika); aksiom pilihan dan keperluan manusia; dan aksiom kepemimpinan dan kepengurusan. Setiap satu unsur matematik kontemporer ini mulanya ditonjolkan kelemahannya yang sarat dengan nilai Barat oleh itu menjuzuki etnosains matematik Barat; dan oleh itu seterusnya sains matematik ini ditunjukkan tidak memenuhi kehendak umat Malayonesia yang insaf akan nilainya sendiri, lantaran diperbaikinya dengan menggunakan nilai Malayonesia sehingga matematik pengoptimuman digantikan dengan matematik pewustaan dan matematik bunga digantikan dengan matematik mudharabah- musyarakah. Begitu juga dengan mantik, aksiom pilihan dan keperluan manusia, aksiom kepemimpinan dan kepengurusan, dan takrif keterlestarian. Beberapa unsur sains matematik yang lain lagi dipaparkan kelemahannya daripada perspektif tradisi keilmuan (warisan prasasti dan manuskrip) dan nilai Malayonesia tanpa syor pembinaan matematik baharunya lagi. Selain daripada itu ditunjukkan adanya kelemahan asas matematik kabur daripada pelbagai sudut termasuk kebudayaan Malayonesia tetapi penerimaan matematik ini dalam bentuk sekarang inipun ditunjukkan bagaimana peribahasa Melayu mampu memberi perisa Malayonesia terhadap matematik ini. Semua ini menerbitkan medan penyelidikan matematik kontemporer yang amat mencabar dan amat luas yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai daripada kebudayaan sendiri. 1 2 Shaharir b. M. Z. 1. Pendahuluan Seperti yang pernah dihuraikan dahulu (Shaharir 2000, 2002, 2010a) etnosains (termasuk etnomatematik) yang ditakrifkan oleh penulis ini berbeza dengan etnosains asal tajaan sarjana besar Brazil, Ubiratan D’Ambrosio itu. Etnosains kami tidaklah tertumpu kepada menggali, melombong, mengenjang atau mencebak (ekskavasi) sains sesuatu bangsa atau suku kaum pada zaman dahulu kala sahaja. Tegasnya, etnosains kami bukannya sejarah matematik dahulu kala sahaja. Etnosains berlaku sepanjang zaman. Sains sekarang yang sering dirujuk sebagai sains moden atau sains Barat itu adalah etnosains Eropah yang seolah-olah menjadi “sains semua bangsa” kerana hegemoni Barat sahaja, khususnya hegemoni Amerika Syarikat yang berbahasa Inggeris. Akibatnya sains berasaskan bahasa dan nilai bangsa bukan Barat seolah-olah sudah berlalu. Khasnya sains dalam bahasa bukan Inggeris dianggap dan diwartakan oleh pihak kuasawan diinstitusi keilmuan sebagai tiadalah tempatnya dalam persada singasana sains kini. Di sini ditunjukkan bahawa sains matematik kini dalam acuan bukan Barat khususnya sains matematik dalam acuan Malayonesia (bahasa Melayu dan nilai Malayonesia) masih amat relevan dan masih amat berpotensi menandingi sains dalam acuan Barat. Sains matematik dalam acuan sendiri dibina menerusi dua peringkat. Pertamanya peringkat mengkritik sesuatu unsur sains matematik kini daripada perspektif nilai dan pandangan alam kita sendiri. Peringkat keduanya ialah pembinaan semula unsur sains matematik yang dikritik itu menggunakan konsep-konsep sendiri lalu menghasilkan sekurang- kurangnya tafsiran baharu atau inovasi terhadap unsur ilmu lama itu. Contoh unsur-unsur sains matematik yang telah mengalami kedua-kedua peringkat ini (peringkat pengetnosainsan atau pemeribumian ilmu) yang akan dibicarakan di sini ialah pengoptimuman, bunga, kepemimpinan dan kepengurusan, dan keterlestarian. Unsur sains matematik yang lainnya lagi turut dibicarakan nanti di sini ialah yang hanya mencapai tahap pertama
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