Download Full Article 3.7MB .Pdf File
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Marine Animal Behaviour in a High CO2 Ocean
Vol. 536: 259–279, 2015 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published September 29 doi: 10.3354/meps11426 Mar Ecol Prog Ser REVIEW Marine animal behaviour in a high CO2 ocean Jeff C. Clements*, Heather L. Hunt Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick Saint John Campus, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L 4L5, NB, Canada ABSTRACT: Recently, the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animal behaviour have garnered considerable attention, as they can impact biological interactions and, in turn, ecosystem structure and functioning. We reviewed current published literature on OA and marine behaviour and synthesize current understanding of how a high CO2 ocean may impact animal behaviour, elucidate critical unknowns, and provide suggestions for future research. Although studies have focused equally on vertebrates and invertebrates, vertebrate studies have primarily focused on coral reef fishes, in contrast to the broader diversity of invertebrate taxa studied. A quantitative synthesis of the direction and magnitude of change in behaviours from current conditions under OA scenarios suggests primarily negative impacts that vary depending on species, ecosystem, and behaviour. The interactive effects of co-occurring environmental parameters with increasing CO2 elicit effects different from those observed under elevated CO2 alone. Although 12% of studies have incorporated multiple factors, only one study has examined the effects of carbonate system variability on the behaviour of a marine animal. Altered GABAA receptor functioning under elevated CO2 appears responsible for many behavioural responses; however, this mechanism is unlikely to be universal. We recommend a new focus on determining the effects of elevated CO2 on marine animal behaviour in the context of multiple environmental drivers and future carbonate system variability, and the mechanisms governing the association between acid-base regulation and GABAA receptor functioning. -
Diversity and Phylogeography of Southern Ocean Sea Stars (Asteroidea)
Diversity and phylogeography of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) Thesis submitted by Camille MOREAU in fulfilment of the requirements of the PhD Degree in science (ULB - “Docteur en Science”) and in life science (UBFC – “Docteur en Science de la vie”) Academic year 2018-2019 Supervisors: Professor Bruno Danis (Université Libre de Bruxelles) Laboratoire de Biologie Marine And Dr. Thomas Saucède (Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Biogéosciences 1 Diversity and phylogeography of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) Camille MOREAU Thesis committee: Mr. Mardulyn Patrick Professeur, ULB Président Mr. Van De Putte Anton Professeur Associé, IRSNB Rapporteur Mr. Poulin Elie Professeur, Université du Chili Rapporteur Mr. Rigaud Thierry Directeur de Recherche, UBFC Examinateur Mr. Saucède Thomas Maître de Conférences, UBFC Directeur de thèse Mr. Danis Bruno Professeur, ULB Co-directeur de thèse 2 Avant-propos Ce doctorat s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre les universités de Dijon et Bruxelles et m’aura ainsi permis d’élargir mon réseau au sein de la communauté scientifique tout en étendant mes horizons scientifiques. C’est tout d’abord grâce au programme vERSO (Ecosystem Responses to global change : a multiscale approach in the Southern Ocean) que ce travail a été possible, mais aussi grâce aux collaborations construites avant et pendant ce travail. Cette thèse a aussi été l’occasion de continuer à aller travailler sur le terrain des hautes latitudes à plusieurs reprises pour collecter les échantillons et rencontrer de nouveaux collègues. Par le biais de ces trois missions de recherches et des nombreuses conférences auxquelles j’ai activement participé à travers le monde, j’ai beaucoup appris, tant scientifiquement qu’humainement. -
E Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary
!e Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary Jessica Reeves & John Buckeridge Published by: Greypath Productions Marine Care Ricketts Point PO Box 7356, Beaumaris 3193 Copyright © 2012 Marine Care Ricketts Point !is work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Photographs remain copyright of the individual photographers listed. ISBN 978-0-9804483-5-1 Designed and typeset by Anthony Bright Edited by Alison Vaughan Printed by Hawker Brownlow Education Cheltenham, Victoria Cover photo: Rocky reef habitat at Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary, David Reinhard Contents Introduction v Visiting the Sanctuary vii How to use this book viii Warning viii Habitat ix Depth x Distribution x Abundance xi Reference xi A note on nomenclature xii Acknowledgements xii Species descriptions 1 Algal key 116 Marine invertebrate key 116 Glossary 118 Further reading 120 Index 122 iii Figure 1: Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary. !e intertidal zone rocky shore platform dominated by the brown alga Hormosira banksii. Photograph: John Buckeridge. iv Introduction Most Australians live near the sea – it is part of our national psyche. We exercise in it, explore it, relax by it, "sh in it – some even paint it – but most of us simply enjoy its changing modes and its fascinating beauty. Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary comprises 115 hectares of protected marine environment, located o# Beaumaris in Melbourne’s southeast ("gs 1–2). !e sanctuary includes the coastal waters from Table Rock Point to Quiet Corner, from the high tide mark to approximately 400 metres o#shore. -
Genetic Evidence for Mixed Modes of Reproduction in the Coral Pocillopora Damicornis and Its Effect on Population Structure
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 306: 115–124, 2006 Published January 11 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Genetic evidence for mixed modes of reproduction in the coral Pocillopora damicornis and its effect on population structure Kelley Whitaker* Department of Zoology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa ABSTRACT: Allozyme electrophoresis of 6 polymorphic loci was used to estimate the relative impor- tance of sexual and asexual reproduction in Western Australian populations of the coral Pocillopora damicornis and to infer the extent of larval dispersal between them. Evidence for considerable yet variable amounts of asexual reproduction was found. Only 96 of a total of 644 coral heads sampled were apparently of sexual origin, and 8 of the 10 populations showed large departures from Hardy- Weinberg equilibria as a result of both heterozygote excesses and deficits. Multi-locus genotypic diversity values were significantly less than expected for 8 of the 10 populations sampled, but the magnitude of these values varied enormously (range Go:Ge = 0.072 to 0.770). Significant genetic sub- division among populations was found (FST = 0.360) that was not attributable to different reefs (FRT = 0.080), habitat type (FHT = –0.039), or geographical distance between populations (Mantel test p = 0.129). However, pairwise comparisons revealed significant genetic subdivision at all spatial scales sampled. Furthermore, this subdivision was largely maintained even among populations of putative sexual origin (FST = 0.175). These results are consistent with the notion that reefs at Ningaloo and the Houtman Abrolhos Islands are primarily self-seeding and that asexually derived recruits have a con- siderable effect on local abundance and population structure. -
Nowhere Else on Earth
Nowhere Else on Earth: Tasmania’s Marine Natural Values Environment Tasmania is a not-for-profit conservation council dedicated to the protection, conservation and rehabilitation of Tasmania’s natural environment. Australia’s youngest conservation council, Environment Tasmania was established in 2006 and is a peak body representing over 20 Tasmanian environment groups. Prepared for Environment Tasmania by Dr Karen Parsons of Aquenal Pty Ltd. Report citation: Parsons, K. E. (2011) Nowhere Else on Earth: Tasmania’s Marine Natural Values. Report for Environment Tasmania. Aquenal, Tasmania. ISBN: 978-0-646-56647-4 Graphic Design: onetonnegraphic www.onetonnegraphic.com.au Online: Visit the Environment Tasmania website at: www.et.org.au or Ocean Planet online at www.oceanplanet.org.au Partners: With thanks to the The Wilderness Society Inc for their financial support through the WildCountry Small Grants Program, and to NRM North and NRM South. Front Cover: Gorgonian fan with diver (Photograph: © Geoff Rollins). 2 Waterfall Bay cave (Photograph: © Jon Bryan). Acknowledgements The following people are thanked for their assistance The majority of the photographs in the report were with the compilation of this report: Neville Barrett of the generously provided by Graham Edgar, while the following Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) at the additional contributors are also acknowledged: Neville University of Tasmania for providing information on key Barrett, Jane Elek, Sue Wragge, Chris Black, Jon Bryan, features of Tasmania’s marine -
Paleogenomics of Echinoids Reveals an Ancient Origin for the Double-Negative Specification of Micromeres in Sea Urchins
Paleogenomics of echinoids reveals an ancient origin for the double-negative specification of micromeres in sea urchins Jeffrey R. Thompsona,1, Eric M. Erkenbrackb, Veronica F. Hinmanc, Brenna S. McCauleyc,d, Elizabeth Petsiosa, and David J. Bottjera aDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; cDepartment of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and dHuffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 Edited by Douglas H. Erwin, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Neil H. Shubin January 31, 2017 (received for review August 2, 2016) Establishing a timeline for the evolution of novelties is a common, methods thus provide a rigorous methodology in which to examine unifying goal at the intersection of evolutionary and developmental gene expression datasets, and ultimately animal body plan evolu- biology. Analyses of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide the tion (11), within the context of evolutionary time. After genomic ability to understand the underlying genetic and developmental novelties underlying differential body plan development have been mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological structures identified, we can then consider the rates at which these novelties both in the development of an individual and across entire evolution- arise, and the rates at which GRNs evolve. Achieving this end ary lineages. Accurately dating GRN novelties, thereby establishing requires an explicit timeline in which to explore GRN evolution. a timeline for GRN evolution, is necessary to answer questions In a phylogenetically informed, comparative framework, it is about the rate at which GRNs and their subcircuits evolve, and to possible to infer where on a phylogenetic tree and when, in deep tie their evolution to paleoenvironmental and paleoecological time, GRN innovations are likely to have first arisen. -
Habitat Complexity Mediates Predation of Juvenile Abalone by Starfish
Vol. 487: 101–111, 2013 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published July 30 doi: 10.3354/meps10380 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Habitat complexity mediates predation of juvenile abalone by starfish J. David Aguirre1,2,*, Douglas C. McNaught1,3 1School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand 2Present address: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia 3Present address: University of Maine at Machias, Environmental and Biological Sciences Division, Machias, Maine 04654, USA ABSTRACT: Predation strongly influences the abundance and distribution of prey populations due to its disproportionately large effects on survival during the early life-history stages. However, the intensity of predation can vary dramatically among habitats. The habitat can directly affect the interaction between predator and prey; but also, by determining the distributions of predators and prey, the habitat can mediate the likelihood of a predatory encounter. Here, we used laboratory experiments to identify the likely predators of juvenile abalone Haliotis iris on temperate reefs in central New Zealand. Predator performance in the laboratory was assessed in conditions without prey refuge, in simulated juvenile habitat as well as in the presence of alternate prey. We then used surveys to compare the abundance of predators and juvenile abalone to explore if negative associations between predator and prey in the laboratory manifest in the field. Last, we manipu- lated algal habitat complexity at 2 depths and quantified the effect of predator exclusion on juve- nile abalone survival in the field. We found that starfish were the likely predators of juvenile H. -
An Annotated Checklist of Intertidal Reef Invertebrates from Marmion and Shoalwater Islands Marine Parks
Conservation Science W. Aust. 9 (2) : 201–213 (2014) An annotated checklist of intertidal reef invertebrates from Marmion and Shoalwater Islands marine parks ALAN J KENDRICK & MICHAEL J RULE Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia, 6983. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT An annotated checklist of 71 invertebrate species recorded from intertidal reefs in Marmion and Shoalwater Islands marine parks in the temperate south-west of Western Australia (WA) is presented, with information on their relative prevalence in the reserves and the habitats in which they were found. Most of the species have temperate distributions that extend across southern Australia and few are primarily tropical (at the southern limits of their distribution in the study area) to the study area. Twelve species are endemic to WA. This checklist will assist the development and implementation of long-term intertidal reef monitoring across WA’s temperate marine parks. Keywords: checklist, intertidal, marine protected area, monitoring INTRODUCTION succession as the reefs are recolonised (Hodgkin 1959b; Kohn 1993). The coastal geomorphology of the Perth region comprises Intertidal reef research has been carried out in the Perth sandy beaches and rocky headlands with a complex system region since the 1950s, with initial focus on Rottnest and of offshore islands, emergent rocks and subtidal reefs Carnac Islands (Marsh 1955; Hodgkin et al. 1959; Marsh formed by eroded limestone (Searle & Semeniuk 1985). & Hodgkin 1962). Scientific interest in intertidal The process of erosion has also formed shoreline and organisms at Rottnest Island has continued as it provides offshore intertidal platform reefs that are a distinctive numerous accessible study sites and the biota is influenced feature of this region (Playford 1988). -
Wallaroo Common User Export Facility Marine Ecological Assessment
Wallaroo Common User Export Facility Marine Ecological Assessment Report for T-Ports Pty Ltd J Diversity Pty Ltd Rev 0, October 2020 Wallaroo Marine Ecological Assessment, October 2020 Cover photo: seagrass swimmer crab Nectocarcinus integrifrons in Posidonia sinuosa seagrass habitat. Photo: J. Brook, June 2020. Disclaimer The findings and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of T-Ports Pty Ltd. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the contents of this report are factually correct, the author does not accept responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the contents. The author does not accept liability for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this report. Revision history Rev Date Comment Author Reviewed A 19/08/2020 Initial Draft J. Brook M. Richardson B 10/09/2020 Modified according to review J. Brook M. Richardson C 21/09/2020 Modified according to review J. Brook M. Richardson and new information D 2/10/2020 Issued to client for circulation J. Brook 2 Wallaroo Marine Ecological Assessment, October 2020 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................7 2 Methods..........................................................................................................................................8 2.1 Habitat mapping .....................................................................................................................8 -
A Literature Review on the Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve
A literature review on the Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve Carina Sim-Smith Michelle Kelly 2009 Report prepared by the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd for: Department of Conservation Northland Conservancy PO Box 842 149-151 Bank Street Whangarei 0140 New Zealand Cover photo: Schooling pink maomao at Northern Arch Photo: Kent Ericksen Sim-Smith, Carina A literature review on the Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve / Carina Sim-Smith, Michelle Kelly. Whangarei, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, Northland Conservancy, 2009. 112 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 30 cm. Print ISBN: 978-0-478-14686-8 Web ISBN: 978-0-478-14687-5 Report prepared by the National Institue of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd for: Department of Conservation, Northland Conservancy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67 -74). 1. Marine parks and reserves -- New Zealand -- Poor Knights Islands. 2. Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve (N.Z.) -- Bibliography. I. Kelly, Michelle. II. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (N.Z.) III. New Zealand. Dept. of Conservation. Northland Conservancy. IV. Title. C o n t e n t s Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 2. The physical environment 5 2.1 Seabed geology and bathymetry 5 2.2 Hydrology of the area 7 3. The biological marine environment 10 3.1 Intertidal zonation 10 3.2 Subtidal zonation 10 3.2.1 Subtidal habitats 10 3.2.2 Subtidal habitat mapping (by Jarrod Walker) 15 3.2.3 New habitat types 17 4. Marine flora 19 4.1 Intertidal macroalgae 19 4.2 Subtidal macroalgae 20 5. The Invertebrates 23 5.1 Protozoa 23 5.2 Zooplankton 23 5.3 Porifera 23 5.4 Cnidaria 24 5.5 Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) 25 5.6 Brachiopoda 26 5.7 Annelida 27 5.8. -
Southern Ocean Echinoids Database – an Updated Version of Antarctic
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 697: 1–20 (2017) Southern Ocean Echinoids database... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.697.14746 DATA PAPER http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Southern Ocean Echinoids database – An updated version of Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid database Salomé Fabri-Ruiz1, Thomas Saucède1, Bruno Danis2, Bruno David1,3 1 UMR 6282 Biogéosciences, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 6 bd Gabriel F-21000 Dijon, France 2 Marine Biology Lab, CP160/15 Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue FD Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 3 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France Corresponding author: Salomé Fabri-Ruiz ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yves Samyn | Received 28 June 2017 | Accepted 14 August 2017 | Published 14 September 2017 http://zoobank.org/5EBC1777-FBF3-42A5-B9BB-6BF992A26CC2 Citation: Fabri-Ruiz S, Saucède T, Danis B, David B (2017) Southern Ocean Echinoids database – An updated version of Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid database. ZooKeys 697: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.697.14746 Abstract This database includes over 7,100 georeferenced occurrence records of sea urchins( Echinoder- mata: Echinoidea) obtained from samples collected in the Southern Ocean (+180°W/+180°E; -35°/- 78°S) during oceanographic cruises led over 150 years, from 1872 to 2015. Echinoids are common organisms of Southern Ocean benthic communities. A total of 201 species is recorded, which display contrasting depth ranges and distribution patterns across austral provinces and bioregions. Echinoid species show various ecological traits including different nutrition and reproductive strategies. -
Biodiversity of Marine Fauna on Central West Coast
Strategic Research Fund for the Marine Environment Collaborative Research Project: Biodiversity of Marine Fauna on the Central West Coast SRFME Final Milestone Report – December 2006 Principal Investigator: Dr J. Fromont Scientific team: C. Hass, L. Marsh, G. Moore, M. Salotti, M. Titelius & C. Whisson. WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM Locked Bag 49 Welshpool DC, WA 6986 [email protected] Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... iii 1.0 General Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background.............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Habitat Survey ........................................................................................................................................ 9 1.4 Invertebrate Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Vertebrate Methodology........................................................................................................................