Southern Ocean Echinoids Database – an Updated Version of Antarctic
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Echinoidea Clypeasteroidea
Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (2): 291–358 Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea Clypeast- eroida) Paolo Stara1* & Luigi Sanciu2 1Centro Studi di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo - Museo di Storia Naturale Aquilegia, Via Italia 63, Pirri-Cagliari and Geomuseo Monte Arci, Masullas, Oristano, Sardinia, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author The systematic position of some astriclypeid species assigned through times to the genera Amphiope L. Agassiz, 1840 and Echinodiscus Leske, 1778 is reviewed based on the plating ABSTRACT pattern characteristics of these two genera universally accepted, and on the results of new studies. A partial re-arrangement of the family Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912 is herein pro- posed, with the institution of Sculpsitechinus n. g. and Paraamphiope n. g., both of them char- acterized by a peculiar plating-structure of the interambulacrum 5 and of the ambulacra I and V. Some species previously attributed to Amphiope and Echinodiscus are transferred into these two new genera. Two new species of Astriclypeidae are established: Echinodiscus andamanensis n. sp. and Paraamphiope raimondii n. sp. Neotypes are proposed for Echin- odiscus tenuissimus L. Agassiz, 1840 and E. auritus Leske, 1778, since these species were still poorly defined, due to the loss of the holotypes and, for E. auritus, also to the unclear geographical/stratigraphical information about the type-locality. A number of additional nom- inal fossil and extant species of "Echinodiscus" needs revision based on the same method. KEY WORDS Astriclypeidae; Amphiope; Paraamphiope; Echinodiscus; Sculpsitechinus; Oligo-Miocene. Received 28.02.2014; accepted 14.03.2014; printed 30.06.2014 Paolo Stara (ed.). Studies on some astriclypeids (Echinoidea Clypeasteroida), pp. -
Biscuit Clypeaster Subdepressus (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida)
Embryonic, Larval, and Juvenile Development of the Sea Biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida) Bruno C. Vellutini1,2*, Alvaro E. Migotto1,2 1 Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Sebastia˜o, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Abstract Sea biscuits and sand dollars diverged from other irregular echinoids approximately 55 million years ago and rapidly dispersed to oceans worldwide. A series of morphological changes were associated with the occupation of sand beds such as flattening of the body, shortening of primary spines, multiplication of podia, and retention of the lantern of Aristotle into adulthood. To investigate the developmental basis of such morphological changes we documented the ontogeny of Clypeaster subdepressus. We obtained gametes from adult specimens by KCl injection and raised the embryos at 260C. Ciliated blastulae hatched 7.5 h after sperm entry. During gastrulation the archenteron elongated continuously while ectodermal red-pigmented cells migrated synchronously to the apical plate. Pluteus larvae began to feed in 3 d and were *20 d old at metamorphosis; starved larvae died 17 d after fertilization. Postlarval juveniles had neither mouth nor anus nor plates on the aboral side, except for the remnants of larval spicules, but their bilateral symmetry became evident after the resorption of larval tissues. Ossicles of the lantern were present and organized in 5 groups. Each group had 1 tooth, 2 demipyramids, and 2 epiphyses with a rotula in between. Early appendages consisted of 15 spines, 15 podia (2 types), and 5 sphaeridia. -
Marine Animal Behaviour in a High CO2 Ocean
Vol. 536: 259–279, 2015 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published September 29 doi: 10.3354/meps11426 Mar Ecol Prog Ser REVIEW Marine animal behaviour in a high CO2 ocean Jeff C. Clements*, Heather L. Hunt Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick Saint John Campus, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L 4L5, NB, Canada ABSTRACT: Recently, the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animal behaviour have garnered considerable attention, as they can impact biological interactions and, in turn, ecosystem structure and functioning. We reviewed current published literature on OA and marine behaviour and synthesize current understanding of how a high CO2 ocean may impact animal behaviour, elucidate critical unknowns, and provide suggestions for future research. Although studies have focused equally on vertebrates and invertebrates, vertebrate studies have primarily focused on coral reef fishes, in contrast to the broader diversity of invertebrate taxa studied. A quantitative synthesis of the direction and magnitude of change in behaviours from current conditions under OA scenarios suggests primarily negative impacts that vary depending on species, ecosystem, and behaviour. The interactive effects of co-occurring environmental parameters with increasing CO2 elicit effects different from those observed under elevated CO2 alone. Although 12% of studies have incorporated multiple factors, only one study has examined the effects of carbonate system variability on the behaviour of a marine animal. Altered GABAA receptor functioning under elevated CO2 appears responsible for many behavioural responses; however, this mechanism is unlikely to be universal. We recommend a new focus on determining the effects of elevated CO2 on marine animal behaviour in the context of multiple environmental drivers and future carbonate system variability, and the mechanisms governing the association between acid-base regulation and GABAA receptor functioning. -
Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)
Zootaxa 3857 (4): 501–526 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:76021E0C-7542-455B-82F4-C670A3DC8806 Phylogenetic re-evaluation of fossil and extant micro-echinoids with revision of Tridium, Cyamidia, and Lenicyamidia (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida) RICH MOOI1, ANDREAS KROH2,4 & DINESH K. SRIVASTAVA3 1Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author Abstract Tridium kieri Tandon & Srivastava, 1980, a clypeasteroid micro-echinoid from the Middle Eocene of Kachchh, India, has an apical system with just 3 gonopores. This condition is otherwise almost unknown among clypeasteroids, yet the mor- phology of Tridium is very similar to that of extant Fibularia, including members of another relatively poorly known ge- nus from the Indian subcontinent and Western Australia, Cyamidia Lambert & Thiéry, 1914. Re-examination of the type and additional material of T. kieri and Cyamidia paucipora Brunnschweiler, 1962, along with specimens identified as C. nummulitica nummulitica (Duncan & Sladen, 1884), allows for redescription of these forms. For the first time, maps of coronal plate architecture of Tridium and Cyamidia are developed, and SEM images of test surface details of the former are provided. -
E Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary
!e Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary Jessica Reeves & John Buckeridge Published by: Greypath Productions Marine Care Ricketts Point PO Box 7356, Beaumaris 3193 Copyright © 2012 Marine Care Ricketts Point !is work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Photographs remain copyright of the individual photographers listed. ISBN 978-0-9804483-5-1 Designed and typeset by Anthony Bright Edited by Alison Vaughan Printed by Hawker Brownlow Education Cheltenham, Victoria Cover photo: Rocky reef habitat at Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary, David Reinhard Contents Introduction v Visiting the Sanctuary vii How to use this book viii Warning viii Habitat ix Depth x Distribution x Abundance xi Reference xi A note on nomenclature xii Acknowledgements xii Species descriptions 1 Algal key 116 Marine invertebrate key 116 Glossary 118 Further reading 120 Index 122 iii Figure 1: Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary. !e intertidal zone rocky shore platform dominated by the brown alga Hormosira banksii. Photograph: John Buckeridge. iv Introduction Most Australians live near the sea – it is part of our national psyche. We exercise in it, explore it, relax by it, "sh in it – some even paint it – but most of us simply enjoy its changing modes and its fascinating beauty. Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary comprises 115 hectares of protected marine environment, located o# Beaumaris in Melbourne’s southeast ("gs 1–2). !e sanctuary includes the coastal waters from Table Rock Point to Quiet Corner, from the high tide mark to approximately 400 metres o#shore. -
SI Appendix for Hopkins, Melanie J, and Smith, Andrew B
Hopkins and Smith, SI Appendix SI Appendix for Hopkins, Melanie J, and Smith, Andrew B. Dynamic evolutionary change in post-Paleozoic echinoids and the importance of scale when interpreting changes in rates of evolution. Corrections to character matrix Before running any analyses, we corrected a few errors in the published character matrix of Kroh and Smith (1). Specifically, we removed the three duplicate records of Oligopygus, Haimea, and Conoclypus, and removed characters C51 and C59, which had been excluded from the phylogenetic analysis but mistakenly remain in the matrix that was published in Appendix 2 of (1). We also excluded Anisocidaris, Paurocidaris, Pseudocidaris, Glyphopneustes, Enichaster, and Tiarechinus from the character matrix because these taxa were excluded from the strict consensus tree (1). This left 164 taxa and 303 characters for calculations of rates of evolution and for the principal coordinates analysis. Other tree scaling methods The most basic method for scaling a tree using first appearances of taxa is to make each internal node the age of its oldest descendent ("stand") (2), but this often results in many zero-length branches which are both theoretically questionable and in some cases methodologically problematic (3). Several methods exist for modifying zero-length branches. In the case of the results shown in Figure 1, we assigned a positive length to each zero-length branch by having it share time equally with a preceding, non-zero-length branch (“equal”) (4). However, we compared the results from this method of scaling to several other methods. First, we compared this with rates estimated from trees scaled such that zero-length branches share time proportionally to the amount of character change along the branches (“prop”) (5), a variation which gave almost identical results as the method used for the “equal” method (Fig. -
The Panamic Biota: Some Observations Prior to a Sea-Level Canal
Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington No. 2 THE PANAMIC BIOTA: SOME OBSERVATIONS PRIOR TO A SEA-LEVEL CANAL A Symposium Sponsored by The Biological Society of Washington The Conservation Foundation The National Museum of Natural History The Smithsonian Institution MEREDITH L. JONES, Editor September 28, 1972 CONTENTS Foreword The Editor - - - - - - - - - - Introduction Meredith L. Jones ____________ vi A Tribute to Waldo Lasalle Schmitt George A. Llano 1 Background for a New, Sea-Level, Panama Canal David Challinor - - - - - - - - - - - Observations on the Ecology of the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts of Panama - - - - Peter W. Glynn _ 13 Physical Characteristics of the Proposed Sea-Level Isthmian Canal John P. Sheffey - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 Exchange of Water through the Proposed Sea-Level Canal at Panama Donald R. F. Harleman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41 Biological Results of the University of Miami Deep-Sea Expeditions. 93. Comments Concerning the University of Miami's Marine Biological Survey Related to the Panamanian Sea-Level Canal Gilbert L. Voss - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49 Museums as Environmental Data Banks: Curatorial Problems Posed by an Extensive Biological Survey Richard S. Cowan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59 A Review of the Marine Plants of Panama Sylvia A. Earle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69 Ecology and Species Diversity of -
Modèles De Distribution Et Changements Environnementaux : Application Aux Faunes D’Échinides De L’Océan Austral Et Écorégionalisation Salome Fabri-Ruiz
Modèles de distribution et changements environnementaux : Application aux faunes d’échinides de l’océan Austral et écorégionalisation Salome Fabri-Ruiz To cite this version: Salome Fabri-Ruiz. Modèles de distribution et changements environnementaux : Application aux faunes d’échinides de l’océan Austral et écorégionalisation. Biodiversité et Ecologie. Université Bour- gogne Franche-Comté; Université libre de Bruxelles (1970-..), 2018. Français. NNT : 2018UBFCK070. tel-02063427 HAL Id: tel-02063427 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02063427 Submitted on 11 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE BOURGOGNE FRANCHE-COMTÉ École Doctorale n°554 – Environnement Santé UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES Faculté des Sciences THÈSE DE DOCTORAT EN SCIENCE DE LA VIE 2018 Salomé Fabri-Ruiz Modèles de distribution et changements environnementaux : Application aux faunes d’échinides de l’océan Austral et écorégionalisation Sous la direction de Thomas Saucède et de Bruno Danis 1 2 Modèles de distribution et changements environnementaux -
Phylogenomic Analyses of Echinoid Diversification Prompt a Re
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.19.453013; this version posted August 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re- 2 evaluation of their fossil record 3 Short title: Phylogeny and diversification of sea urchins 4 5 Nicolás Mongiardino Koch1,2*, Jeffrey R Thompson3,4, Avery S Hatch2, Marina F McCowin2, A 6 Frances Armstrong5, Simon E Coppard6, Felipe Aguilera7, Omri Bronstein8,9, Andreas Kroh10, Rich 7 Mooi5, Greg W Rouse2 8 9 1 Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA. 2 Scripps Institution of 10 Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA. 3 Department of Earth Sciences, 11 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK. 4 University College London Center for 12 Life’s Origins and Evolution, London, UK. 5 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California 13 Academy of Sciences, San Francisco CA, USA. 6 Bader International Study Centre, Queen's University, 14 Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex, UK. 7 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de 15 Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 8 School of Zoology, Faculty of Life 16 Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 9 Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv, Israel. 10 17 Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria 18 * Corresponding author. -
For Peer Review
Page 1 of 40 Geological Journal Page 1 of 32 1 2 3 Neogene echinoids from the Cayman Islands, West Indies: regional 4 5 6 implications 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 11 STEPHEN K. DONOVAN *, BRIAN JONES and DAVID A. T. HARPER 12 13 14 15 1Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands 16 17 2Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E3 18 For Peer Review 19 3 20 Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 *Correspondence to: S. K. Donovan, Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 49 50 Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. 51 52 E-mail: [email protected] 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/gj Geological Journal Page 2 of 40 Page 2 of 32 1 2 3 The first fossil echinoids are recorded from the Cayman Islands. A regular echinoid, Arbacia? sp., the 4 5 spatangoids Brissus sp. cf. B. oblongus Wright and Schizaster sp. cf. S. americanus (Clark), and the 6 7 clypeasteroid Clypeaster sp. are from the Middle Miocene Cayman Formation. Test fragments of the 8 9 mellitid clypeasteroid, Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske), are from the Late Pleistocene Ironshore 10 11 Formation. Miocene echinoids are preserved as (mainly internal) moulds; hence, all species are left 12 13 14 in open nomenclature because of uncertainties regarding test architecture. -
Arbacia Lixula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 124249 OURIÇO-NEGRO Animalia (Reino) > Echinodermata (Filo) > Echinozoa (Subfilo) > Echinoidea (Classe) > Euechinoidea (Subclasse) > Carinacea (Infraclasse) > Echinacea (Superordem) > Arbacioida (Ordem) > Arbaciidae (Familia) Vasco Ferreira Vasco Ferreira Estatuto de Conservação Sinónimos Arbacia aequituberculata (Blainville, 1825) Arbacia australis Lovén, 1887 Arbacia grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) Arbacia pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Cidaris pustulosa Leske, 1778 Echinocidaris (Agarites) loculatua (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) aequituberculatus (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) 1 Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Echinocidaris aequituberculata (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) Echinocidaris loculatua (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Echinus aequituberculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus equituberculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus grandinosus Valenciennes, 1846 Echinus lixula Linnaeus, 1758 Echinus loculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus neapolitanus Delle Chiaje, 1825 Echinus pustulosus (Leske, 1778) Referências additional source Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. [details] basis of record Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list -
Reproductive Cycle of E Cycle of Mellita Quinquiesperf
Reproductive cycle of Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in two contrasting beach environments Yara A. G. Tavares & Carlos A. Borzone Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Avenida Beira Mar, Caixa Postal 50002, 832555-000 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT. The reproductive cycle of the irregular echinoid Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) was studied in populations from two sand beaches with different morphodynamic conditions in Parana coast, from February 1992 through July 1994. Gametogenesis was described by histological and gonad index methods and the differ- ences between both populations were observed in the extension of nutrient storage and spawning period. Both populations exhibited a main reproductive period during spring/summer and a nutrient storage period during autumn/winter months. The spawning period at the intermediate-dissipative beach was shorter than at the reflective beach. Meanwhile, a nutrient storage stage was more extensive in the latter. Gonad index varied between both sexes and it was influenced by population characteristics. Different strategies in allocation of resources between maintenance and reproduction effort (oocyte size) confirm the high adaptive plasticity developed by this species to live in contrasting beach environments. KEY WORDS. Reproductive plasticity; sand dollar; sandy beach. RESUMO. Reprodução de Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske) (Echinodermatamata, Echinoidea) em dois ecossistemas praiais contrastantes. O ciclo reprodutivo do equinóide irregular Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) foi estudado em populações de duas praias com diferentes condições morfodinâmicas na costa paranaense, de fevereiro de 1992 a julho de 1994. A gametogênese foi descrita pela análise histológica das gônadas e pela variação do índice gonadal.