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A MONOGRAPH OF THE ECHINOIDEA III. 2 CAMARODONTA. I. ORTHOPSID^, GLYPHOCYPHID^, TEMNOPLEURID^ AND TOXOPNEUSTID^ BY TH. MORTENSEN WITH 56 PLATES AND 321 FIGURES IN THE TEXT PUBLISHED AT THE EXPENSES OF THE CARLSBERG AND THE RASK-0RSTED FUNDS ATLAS COPENHAGEN C. A. REITZEL • PUBLISHER 1943 Explanation of the Plates. O n account of the war there has been some difficulties with the reproduction of the plates of the present volume. The same paper as that used for the plates of the previous volumes was no longer available; neither could the fine warm tint of the plates of the previous volumes be attained. It proved necessary to have the photographic plates reproduced in half-tone, instead of in heliotype; but since, as will be seen, the very finest net available has been used, hardly any of the finer details are obscured. On the whole, I venture to think that the scientific value of the plates of the present volume is not inferior to that of the previous volumes, even though their appearance is not quite as beautiful. K ebenhavn, in February 1943. Th. Mortensen. Plate I. Figs. I—2. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Specimens from Sandheads, Bay of Bengal. Aboral (i) and oral side (2). — 3. Temnopleurus ioreumaticus (Leske). Young specimen from the Gulf of Iran. Oral side (cf fig. 12). — 4—5. Temnopleurus Hardwickii impressus Mrtsn. Oral (4) and aboral side (5). — 6. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Specimen from Singapore. Oral side (cf. fig. 9). — 7—-8. Temnopleurus toreumaticus brevispinus Diakonov. Oral (7) and aboral side (8). — 9. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Specimen from Singapore. Aboral side (cf fig. 6). — 10— II. Temnopleurus toreumaticus Mortenseni Diakonov. Aboral (10) and oral side (11). — 12. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Young specimen from the Gulf of Iran. Aboral side (cf fig. 3). All figures natural size. On the plate figs. 4—5 are erroneously named Temnopl. toreumaticus impressus, instead of Temnopl. Hardwickii impressus. Plate II. Figs. I—6. Temnopleurus Alexandri (Bell). Aboral (i, 6), oral (2, 5), and side view (3, 4). .— 7—8. Temnopleurus Alexandri scalaris Mrtsn. Specimens from the Kei Islands. Aboral (8) and oral side (9). 9. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Specimen from Mozambique. Side view (cf. figs. 19—20). —■ 10— 11. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Specimens with green test. Side view (10) and aboral side (11). — 12— 14'. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Specimens from Tomo, Japan. Aboral (12), oral (14), and side view (13). — 15. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Specimen from Penang. Aboral side. — 16— 18. Temnopleurus Hardwickii impressus Mrtsn. Aboral (16), oral (18), and side view (17). — 19—-20. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Mozambique. Aboral (19) and oral side (cf. fig. 9). — 21. Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). Specimen from Queensland, with unusually large pits. All figures natural size. Plate III. Figs. I—2. Temnopleurus {Toreumatica) Reevesii (Gray). Aboral (i) and oral side (2). — 3. Temnopleurus [Toreumatica) apodus (A. Agassiz & H. L. Clark). Oral side, x 2. — 4—5. Temnopleurus [Toreumatica) Michaelseni (Doderlein). Cotype. Aboral (4) and oral side (5) (cf. figs. 13— 15). — 6— II. Temnopleurus Alexandri scalaris Mrtsn. Specimens from the Kei Islands. Aboral (6, 7, 9) and oral side (8). Side view (10, 11). — 12. Temnopleurus [Toreumatica) Reevesii (Gray). Specimen from the Gulf of Siam. Aboral side. — 13— 15. Temnopleurus [Toreumatica) Michaelseni (Doderlein). Oral (13), aboral (15), and side view (14) (cf-figs. 4—5). — 16— 20. Temnopleurus [Toreumatica) Reevesii (Gray). Aboral (17, 20), oral (19), and side view (16, 18). Fig. 17, specimen from off Jolo, figs. 18—20 specimens from Hakata Bay, Japan. — 21— 23. Temnopleurus Hardwickii (Gray). Side view (21), aboral (22), and oral side (23). Figs. 22—23 specimen from Toba, Japan. — 24. Temnopleurus Hardwickii (Gray). Specimen from Hakata Bay, Japan, with Melobesia growing on the test. — 25—30. Temnopleurus Hardwickii (Gray). Side view (25), aboral (26, 29, 30), and oral side (27). Spec­ imens from Jap a n ; fig. 30 specimen from Tokio Bay. — 31—33. Temnopleurus [Toreumatica) apodus (A. Agassiz & H. L. Clark). Side view (31), aboral (32), and oral side (33) (cf. fig. 3). X 3 — 34—36- Temnopleurus [Toreumatica) decipiens (de MeiJere). Aboral (34), oral (36), and side view (35). X3. Fig. 3x2; figs. 31—36 X 3; all the other figures natural size. Figs. 31—36 H alkier phot. Plate IV. Figs. I—2. Salmacis bicolor Kgdiiiiz. Specimens from Durban. Oral (i) and aboral side (2). —• 3—7. Salmacis bicolor L. Agassiz. Denuded tests. Oral (3), aboral (4, 5, 7), and side view (6) (cf figs. I—2). — 8. Salmacis bicolor L. Agassiz. Specimen from the Philippines (“Albatross” St. 5482), infested with parasitic snails. Aboral side. — 9. Salmacis roseo-viridis Koehler. Oral side. All figures natural size. Plate V. Figs. I—3. Salmacis bicolor rarispina L. Agassiz. Aboral (i), oral (2), and side view (3). — 4—6. Salmacis rubricincta H. L. Clark. Side view (4), oral (5), and aboral side (6). — 7—-9. Salmacis roseo-viridis Koehler. Oral (7), aboral (8), and side view (9). — 10. Salmacis bicolor L. Agassiz. Abnormal specimen, from Mauritius. — II. Salmacis bicolor rarispina 1j. Abnormal specimen [“Salmacis Woodsi” Ramsay). — 12. Salmacis bicolor rarispina L. Agassiz. Large specimen, side view. All figures natural size. Plate VI. Figs. I—-2. Salmacis bicolor L. Agassiz. Specimens from Mauritius. Aboral (i) and oral side (2). •— 3—-8. Salmacis bicolor rarispina ~L. Agassiz. O ral (3), aboral (4, 5, 7, 8), and side view (6). Figs. 3 and 8 same specimen. Fig. 7 shows a specimen which has been infested with the crab Z^brida Adamsii the spines have been partly eaten away by the crab. — 9— 13. Salmaciella erythracis (H. L. Clark). Specimens from off Cape Gardafui (John Murray Ex­ pedition). Aboral (9, 12), oral (10, 13), and side view (11). All figures natural size. Plate V II. Fig. I. Salmacis spheroides (Linnaeus). Specimen from Amboina, dark green. Side view (cf. figs. 8—9). — 2. Salmacis spharoides (Linnaeus). Specimen fi'om Singapore. Side view. — 3. Salmacis sphceroides (Linnaeus). Young specimen from Bowen, Queensland; has been crushed, but the wound has healed up and closed, also the part which looks like a hole in the figure. — 4. Salmacis spharoides variegata Mrtsn. Type specimen. Side view. — 5. Salmacis spharoides (Linnaeus). Johore Strait. Side view. — 6— 7. Salmacis spharoides (Linnaeus). Bowen, Queensland. Aboral (6) and oral side (7). — 8^—9. Salmacis spharoides (Linnaeus). Specimen from Amboina, dark green. Aboral (8) and oral side (9) (cf. fig. i). All figures natural size. Plate VIII. Figs. I—2. Salmacis Belli.unicolor Mrtsn. Type specimen. Aboral (i) and oral side (2). — 3. Salmacis virgulata L. Agassiz. Specimen from Samalona, Makasser. Side view (cf. PI. IX. i- — 4—6. Salmacis virgulata L. Agassiz. Singapore. Side view (4), aboral (5), and oral side (6). — 7—8. Salmacis Belli Doderlein. Specimen from the Kei Islands. Oral (7) and aboral side (8). — 9. Salmaciella Dussumieri (L. Agassiz). Singapore. Aboral side (cf PL X. 3). All figures natural size. Plate IX . Figs. I—2. Salmacis virgulata L. Agassiz. Specimens from Samalona, Makasser. Oral (i) and aboral side (2) (cf PI. V III. 3). — 3—4. Salmacis virgulata L. Agassiz. Indian Ocean. Side view (3) and aboral side (4). — 5. Salmacis virgulata L. Agassiz. Samalona, Makasser. Oral side. — 6. Hybrid of Salmacis spharoides x Temnopleurus Alexandri. Specimen from Queensland, identified by H. L. C la rk as Salmacis virgulata. — 7. Salmaciella Dussumieri (L. Agassiz). Specimen infested by parasitic snails. All figures natural size. Plate X. Figs. I—2. Salmacis spharoides (Linnaeus). Port Jackson. Aboral (i) and oral side (2) (cf fig. 7). — 3. Salmaciella Dussumieri (L. Agassiz). Singapore. Oral side (cf PI. VIII. 9). — 4—6. Salmacis virgulata L. Agassiz. Denuded specimens from Indo-Ghina. Aboral (4), oral (5), and side view (6). NB. Figs. 4 and 6 apparently show broad and deep horizontal furrows, as characteristic of Temnopleurus, but not of Salmacis. This appearance is produced by a streak of green colour along the horizontal sutures; the sutures themselves are not at all broad and deep, and the specimen is a typical Salmacis virgulata. — 7—8. Salmacis spharoides (Linnaeus). Specimen from Port Jackson, side view (7) (cf. figs. i—2); specimen from Amboina, oral side (8). — 9. Salmacis spharoides (Linnaeus). Specimen from Singapore, attacked by the crab ^ebrida Adamsii White, which has devoured the spines along its track. — 10. Salmacis spharoides (Linnaeus). Specimen from the Johore Strait. Denuded. Aboral side. — I I — 12. Salmacis Belli Doderlein. Side view. Specimens from Amboina (11) and the Kei Islands (12). All figures natural size. Plate XI. Figs. I— 2. Salmaciella oligopora (H. L. Clark). Cotype. Aboral (i) and oral side (2). — 3. Salmaciella oligopora (H. L. Clark). Specimen from Port Jackson. Oral side (cf. figs. 5 and 7). — 4. Salmaciella oligopora (H. L. Clark). Abnormal specimen. Aboral side. — 5. Salmaciella oligopora (H. L. Clark). Port Jackson. Side view (cf. figs. 3 and 7). — 6. Salmaciella oligopora (H. L. Clark). Cotype. Side view (cf. figs. i—2). — 7. Salmaciella oligopora (H.L. Clark). Port Jackson. Aboral side (cf figs. 3 and 5). — 8— 10. Salmaciella Dussumieri (L. Agassiz). Indo-China. Oral (8), aboral (10), and side view (9). — I I — 13. Salmaciella Dussumieri (L. Agassiz). Singapore. Aboral (11) and oral side (12). All figures natural size. Plate X II. Figs. I—2. Mespilia globulus (Linnaeus). Java Sea. Oral (i) and aboral side (2). — 3. Mespilia globulus (Linnaeus). Zamboanga. Specimen showing spines and pedicellariae. Aboral side. — 4—6. Mespilia globulus (Linnaeus). Java Sea. Aboral (4) and side view (5, 6). — 7— 16. Mespilia globulus levituberculata Y oshiw ara. Misaki, Japan; 8, 13—15, specimens with the spines preserved, to comp, with fig. 3, the typical M . globulus. — 17. Mespilia globulus albida H.
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    GENOMICS OF THE GLOBALLY DISTRIBUTED ECHINOID GENUS Tripneustes A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MANOA¯ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ZOOLOGY (ECOLOGY,EVOLUTION,&CONSERVATION BIOLOGY) May 2018 BY Áki Jarl LÁRUSON DISSERTATION COMMITTEE: Floyd A. Reed, Chairperson Robert C. Thomson Robert J. Toonen Daniel Rubinoff David B. Carlon Keywords: Marine Invertebrate, Phylogenomics, Transcriptomics, Population Genomics © Copyright 2018 – Áki Jarl Láruson All rights reserved i DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my grandfather, Marteinn Jónsson (née Donald L. Martin). ii Acknowledgements Every step towards the completion of this dissertation has been made possible by more people than I could possibly recount. I am profoundly grateful to my teachers, in all their forms, and especially my undergraduate advisor, Dr. Sean Craig, of Humboldt State Uni- versity, for all the opportunities he afforded me in experiencing biological research. My dissertation committee deserves special mention, for perpetually affording me pressing encouragement, but also providing an attitude of support and positivity that has been formative beyond measure. My mentor and committee chair, Dr. Floyd Reed, has pro- vided me with perspectives, insights, and advise that I will carry with me for the rest of my life. My family, although far from the tropical shores of Hawai‘i, have been with me in so many ways throughout this endeavor, and I am so profoundly grateful for their love and support. iii Abstract Understanding genomic divergence can be a key to understanding population dynam- ics. As global climate change continues it becomes especially important to understand how and why populations form and dissipate, and how they may be better protected.
  • Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America

    Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America

    Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America Bearbeitet von Juan José Alvarado, Francisco Alonso Solis-Marin 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. XVII, 658 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 20050 2 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1239 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Biowissenschaften allgemein > Ökologie Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Chapter 2 The Echinoderms of Mexico: Biodiversity, Distribution and Current State of Knowledge Francisco A. Solís-Marín, Magali B. I. Honey-Escandón, M. D. Herrero-Perezrul, Francisco Benitez-Villalobos, Julia P. Díaz-Martínez, Blanca E. Buitrón-Sánchez, Julio S. Palleiro-Nayar and Alicia Durán-González F. A. Solís-Marín (&) Á M. B. I. Honey-Escandón Á A. Durán-González Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Colección Nacional de Equinodermos ‘‘Ma. E. Caso Muñoz’’, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Post. 70-305, 04510, México, D.F., México e-mail: [email protected] A. Durán-González e-mail: [email protected] M. B. I. Honey-Escandón Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), UNAM, Apdo. Post. 70-305, 04510, México, D.F., México e-mail: [email protected] M. D. Herrero-Perezrul Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ave.
  • Paleogenomics of Echinoids Reveals an Ancient Origin for the Double-Negative Specification of Micromeres in Sea Urchins

    Paleogenomics of Echinoids Reveals an Ancient Origin for the Double-Negative Specification of Micromeres in Sea Urchins

    Paleogenomics of echinoids reveals an ancient origin for the double-negative specification of micromeres in sea urchins Jeffrey R. Thompsona,1, Eric M. Erkenbrackb, Veronica F. Hinmanc, Brenna S. McCauleyc,d, Elizabeth Petsiosa, and David J. Bottjera aDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; cDepartment of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and dHuffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 Edited by Douglas H. Erwin, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Neil H. Shubin January 31, 2017 (received for review August 2, 2016) Establishing a timeline for the evolution of novelties is a common, methods thus provide a rigorous methodology in which to examine unifying goal at the intersection of evolutionary and developmental gene expression datasets, and ultimately animal body plan evolu- biology. Analyses of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide the tion (11), within the context of evolutionary time. After genomic ability to understand the underlying genetic and developmental novelties underlying differential body plan development have been mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological structures identified, we can then consider the rates at which these novelties both in the development of an individual and across entire evolution- arise, and the rates at which GRNs evolve. Achieving this end ary lineages. Accurately dating GRN novelties, thereby establishing requires an explicit timeline in which to explore GRN evolution. a timeline for GRN evolution, is necessary to answer questions In a phylogenetically informed, comparative framework, it is about the rate at which GRNs and their subcircuits evolve, and to possible to infer where on a phylogenetic tree and when, in deep tie their evolution to paleoenvironmental and paleoecological time, GRN innovations are likely to have first arisen.