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The Phoenician Origin of Britons, Scots & Anglo-Saxons (1924
THE PHCENICIAN ORIGIN OF THE BRITONS, SCOTS &: ANGLO-SAXONS WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR. DISCOVERY OF THE LOST PALIBOTHRA OF THE GREEKS. With Plate. and Mape, Bengal Government Press,Calcutta, 1892.. "The discovery of the mightiest city of India clearly shows that Indian antiquarian studies are still in theirinfancy."-Engluhm4P1, Mar.10,1891. THE EXCAVATIONS AT PAUBOTHRA. With Plates, Plansand Maps. Government Press, Calcutta, 19°3. "This interesting ~tory of the discovery of one of the most important sites in Indian history i. [old in CoL. Waddell's RepoIt."-Timo of India, Mar. S, 1904· PLACE, RIVER AND MOUNTAIN NAMES IN THE HIMALAYAS. Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1892.. THE BUDDHISM OF TIBET. W. H. Alien'" ce., London, 1895. "This is a book which considerably extends the domain of human knowledge."-The Times, Feb, 2.2., 1595. REPORT ON MISSION FOR COLLECTING GRECO-SCYTHIC SCULPTURES IN SWAT VALLEY. Beng. Govt. Pre.. , 1895. AMONG THE HIMALAYAS. Conetable, London, 1899. znd edition, 1900. "Thil is one of the most fascinating books we have ever seen."-DaU! Chro1Jiclt, Jan. 18, 1899. le Adds in pleasant fashion a great deal to our general store of knowledge." Geag"aphical Jau"nAI, 412.,1899. "Onc of the most valuable books that has been written on the Himalayas." Saturday Relliew,4 M.r. 189<}. wn,n TRIBES OF THE BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY. With Plates. Special No. of Asiatic Soc. Journal, Calcutta, 19°°. LHASA AND ITS MYSTERIES. London, 19°5; 3rd edition, Methuen, 1906. " Rich in information and instinct with literary charm. Every page bears witness to first-hand knowledge of the country .. -
Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 a Study for the Library of Congress
1 Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 A Study for the Library of Congress Part 1: New Scripts Jack Cain Senior Consultant Trylus Computing, Toronto 1 Purpose This assessment intends to study the issues and make recommendations on the possible expansion of the character set repertoire for bibliographic records in MARC21 format. 1.1 “Encoding Scheme” vs. “Repertoire” An encoding scheme contains codes by which characters are represented in computer memory. These codes are organized according to a certain methodology called an encoding scheme. The list of all characters so encoded is referred to as the “repertoire” of characters in the given encoding schemes. For example, ASCII is one encoding scheme, perhaps the one best known to the average non-technical person in North America. “A”, “B”, & “C” are three characters in the repertoire of this encoding scheme. These three characters are assigned encodings 41, 42 & 43 in ASCII (expressed here in hexadecimal). 1.2 MARC8 "MARC8" is the term commonly used to refer both to the encoding scheme and its repertoire as used in MARC records up to 1998. The ‘8’ refers to the fact that, unlike Unicode which is a multi-byte per character code set, the MARC8 encoding scheme is principally made up of multiple one byte tables in which each character is encoded using a single 8 bit byte. (It also includes the EACC set which actually uses fixed length 3 bytes per character.) (For details on MARC8 and its specifications see: http://www.loc.gov/marc/.) MARC8 was introduced around 1968 and was initially limited to essentially Latin script only. -
Europe-II 8 Ancient and Other Scripts
The Unicode® Standard Version 12.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2019 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 12.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-22-1 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/) 1. -
The Rise and Fall of Anglo-Saxon Runic Stone Monuments Runic Inscriptions and the Development of Sculpture in Early Medieval England
Runrön Runologiska bidrag utgivna av Institutionen för nordiska språk vid Uppsala universitet 24 Kopár, Lilla, 2021: The Rise and Fall of Anglo-Saxon Runic Stone Monu- ments. Runic Inscriptions and the Development of Sculpture in Early Medi- eval England. In: Reading Runes. Proceedings of the Eighth International Sym posium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions, Nyköping, Sweden, 2–6 September 2014. Ed. by MacLeod, Mindy, Marco Bianchi and Henrik Williams. Uppsala. (Run rön 24.) Pp. 143–156. DOI: 10.33063/diva-438873 © 2021 Lilla Kopár (CC BY) LILLA KOPÁR The Rise and Fall of Anglo-Saxon Runic Stone Monuments Runic Inscriptions and the Development of Sculpture in Early Medieval England Abstract The Old English runic corpus contains at least thirty-seven inscriptions carved in stone, which are concentrated geographically in the north of England and dated mainly from the seventh to the ninth centuries. The quality and content of the inscriptions vary from simple names (or frag- ments thereof) to poetic vernacular memorial formulae. Nearly all of the inscriptions appear on monumental sculpture in an ecclesiastical context and are considered to have served commemor- ative purposes. Rune-inscribed stones show great variety in terms of monument type, from name-stones, cross-shafts and slabs to elaborate monumental crosses that served different func- tions and audiences. Their inscriptions have often been analyzed by runologists and epigraphers from a linguistic or epigraphic point of view, but the relationship of these inscribed monuments to other sculptured stones has received less attention in runological circles. Thus the present article explores the place and development of rune-inscribed monuments in the context of sculp- tural production in pre-Conquest England, and identifies periods of innovation and change in the creation and function of runic monuments. -
ERILAZ a Ritual for Baritone, Violoncello and Percussion
Jeffrey Holmes ERILAZ a ritual for baritone, violoncello and percussion Score 2018 ce-jh1e1-dl-s JEFFREY HOLMES :ERILAZ: eRilay:ayt:alu A Ritual... for Baritone, Violoncello, and Percussion Text from the Lindholm amulet (DR 261, Rundata) ca. 3rd century, Skåne Full Score ii iii PERFORMANCE NOTES General 1. All tempi are approximate, but the relationships between tempi should be proportionally exact. 2. All accidentals apply through the measure and within one octave, and many cautionary accidentals are provided. 3. The following microtonal accidentals are used: B Quarter tone flat µ Quarter tone sharp J 1/6 tone lower than flat j 1/6 tone higher than flat K 1/6 tone lower than natural k 1/6 tone higher than natural L 1/6 tone lower than sharp l 1/6 tone higher than sharp 4. Pitches based on the harmonic series are labeled above the staff by their hypothetical fundamental and partial number. For example, G(7) indicates the seventh partial in the overtone series of G. (The fundamental is partial number 1.) These precise tunings are notationally approximated to the nearest quarter or sixth tone. Performers may either produce the notated quarter or sixth tone or, if accustomed to performing in just intonation, may produce the exact pitches of the indicated partials. Baritone In addition to singing, the baritone is asked to perform on three instruments: an Uruz horn (a primitive cowhorn) tuned to Eb, a lyre (or psaltery), and a drum, preferably a very large skinned tom-tom. Notation is as follows: iv Violoncello 1. The abbreviation s.t. -
Myths of the Rune Stone: Viking Martyrs and the Birthplace of America
book review Myths of the Rune Stone: Viking Martyrs For example, Krueger’s and the Birthplace of America take on the local and reli- David M. Krueger gious dimensions of the (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015, 214 p., stone’s history is original. Paper, $24.95.) He excellently explores how the stone became a near- Many places claim to be the birthplace of America, but few sacred artifact even outside have been as contested as the one near Kensington, Minnesota. the Scandinavian American The source of this claim, a stone slab unearthed in 1898, is the ethnic community. Krueger subject of David Krueger’s Myths of the Rune Stone. This first shows how in the 1920s the comprehensive book about the popular meaning of the Kens- stone— by way of a failed ington Rune Stone is a welcome contribution to the study of its plan for a massive 200- foot historiography and to the impact of local culture on an Ameri- monument— became a can origin myth. tool of small- town booster- Since its discovery by a Swedish- born farmer, the Kensing- ism. In 1928, the stone was ton Rune Stone’s claim that Norsemen were present in what purchased by a group of is now Minnesota in the year 1362 has been a topic of heated Alexandria businessmen controversy. Although scholars of Scandinavian languages and and put on display in a downtown bank. To the Alexandria runology (the study of runic inscriptions) have long agreed community, the stone was a source of prestige and a strategy about its nineteenth- century origin, the stone has continued to to promote tourism. -
Anglo-Saxon Runes
Runes Each rune can mean something in divination (fortune telling) but they also act as a phonetic alphabet. This means that they can sound out words. When writing your name or whatever in runes, don’t pay attention to the letters we use, but rather the sounds we use to make up the words. Then finds the runes with the closest sounds and put them together. Anglo- Swedo- Roman Germanic Danish Saxon Norwegian A ansuz ac ar or god oak-tree (?) AE aesch ash-tree A/O or B berkanan bercon or birch-twig (?) C cen torch D dagaz day E ehwaz horse EA ear earth, grave(?) F fehu feoh fe fe money, cattle, money, money, money, wealth property property property gyfu / G gebo geofu gift gift (?) G gar spear H hagalaz hail hagol (?) I isa is iss ice ice ice Ï The sound of this character was something ihwaz / close to, but not exactly eihwaz like I or IE. yew-tree J jera year, fruitful part of the year K kenaz calc torch, flame (?) (?) K name unknown L laguz / laukaz water / fertility M mannaz man N naudiz need, necessity, nou (?) extremity ing NG ingwaz the god the god "Ing" "Ing" O othala- hereditary land, oethil possession OE P perth-(?) peorth meaning unclear (?) R raidho reth (?) riding, carriage S sowilo sun or sol (?) or sun tiwaz / teiwaz T the god Tiw (whose name survives in Tyr "Tuesday") TH thurisaz thorn thurs giant, monster (?) thorn giant, monster U uruz ur wild ox (?) wild ox W wunjo joy X Y yr bow (?) Z agiz(?) meaning unclear Now write your name: _________________________________________________________________ Rune table borrowed from: www.cratchit.org/dleigh/alpha/runes/runes.htm . -
Runestone Images and Visual Communication
RUNESTONE IMAGES AND VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN VIKING AGE SCANDINAVIA MARJOLEIN STERN, MA Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy JULY 2013 Abstract The aim of this thesis is the visual analysis of the corpus of Viking Age Scandinavian memorial stones that are decorated with figural images. The thesis presents an overview of the different kinds of images and their interpretations. The analysis of the visual relationships between the images, ornamentation, crosses, and runic inscriptions identifies some tendencies in the visual hierarchy between these different design elements. The contents of the inscriptions on runestones with images are also analysed in relation to the type of image and compared to runestone inscriptions in general. The main outcome of this analysis is that there is a correlation between the occurrence of optional elements in the inscription and figural images in the decoration, but that only rarely is a particular type of image connected to specific inscription elements. In this thesis the carved memorial stones are considered as multimodal media in a communicative context. As such, visual communication theories and parallels in commemoration practices (especially burial customs and commemorative praise poetry) are employed in the second part of the thesis to reconstruct the cognitive and social contexts of the images on the monuments and how they create and display identities in the Viking Age visual communication. Acknowledgements Many people have supported and inspired me throughout my PhD. I am very grateful to my supervisors Judith Jesch and Christina Lee, who have been incredibly generous with their time, advice, and bananas. -
Florida Native Plants Ogam
Florida Native Plants Ogam OBOD Ovate Gift Dana Wiyninger Starke, Florida USA July 29, 2012 Introduction Moving to a new region with completely different plants and climate, and having to manage a neglected forest meant I had to really learn about and examine the trees and plants on our property. (No relying on my previous knowledge of plants on the west coast.) Even with the subtropical climate, we paradoxically have many temperate east coast trees in north Florida. To make sense of it all in context of the Ogam, I had to seriously study and search to find the plants in my Florida Ogam. I often had to make more intuitive associations when an Ogam plant species wasn‟t found here. I had vivid impressions from the Ogam (and other) plants- I later used these to find my path through the many interpretations authors have offered. Personally, I use my own Florida correspondences when I see many of these plants every day; the impressions and messages are just part of my perceptions of the plants now. Since using my correspondences I‟m more aware of the varying time streams the plants experience and the spirits associated with them. I feel a conduit with the plants, and the resulting insights are particularly useful to me and relevant to changes going on in my life. Not quite formal divination, I receive guidance none the less. I feel there may be a healing practice in my future that will incorporate the Ogam, but that is yet to come. So, as enjoyable as it was, learning the basics of the Ogam wasn‟t easy for me. -
Proposed Additions Red = Proposed Changes Green = Other Possible Additions Black = Existing/Unchanged
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 PROPOSAL SUMMARY FORM TO ACCOMPANY SUBMISSIONS FOR ADDITIONS TO THE REPERTOIRE OF ISO/IEC 106461 Please fill all the sections A, B and C below. Please read Principles and Procedures Document (P & P) from http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/principles.html for guidelines and details before filling this form. Please ensure you are using the latest Form from http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/summaryform.html. See also http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/roadmaps.html for latest Roadmaps. A. Administrative 1. Title: Ms 2. Requester's name: Małgorzata Deroń 3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution): Individual 4. Submission date: 4 September 2009 5. Requester's reference (if applicable): http://ifa.amu.edu.pl/fa/Deron_Malgorzata 6. Choose one of the following: This is a complete proposal: Yes (or) More information will be provided later: If needed B. Technical – General 1. Choose one of the following: a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters): - Proposed name of script: b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block: Yes Name of the existing block: Runic 16A0-16FF (for 16F1-16FF) 2. Number of characters in proposal: 15 + 1 change 3. Proposed category (select one from below - see section 2.2 of P&P document): A-Contemporary - B.1-Specialized (small collection) X B.2-Specialized (large collection) - C-Major extinct - D-Attested extinct - E-Minor extinct - F-Archaic Hieroglyphic or Ideographic - G-Obscure or questionable usage symbols - 4. -
Tracing Confucianism in Contemporary China
TRACING CONFUCIANISM IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA Ruichang Wang and Ruiping Fan Abstract: With the reform and opening policy implemented by the Chinese government since the late 1970s, mainland China has witnessed a sustained resurgence of Confucianism first in academic studies and then in social practices. This essay traces the development of this resurgence and demonstrates how the essential elements and authentic moral and intellectual resources of long-standing Confucian culture have been recovered in scholarly concerns, ordinary ideas, and everyday life activities. We first introduce how the Modern New Confucianism reappeared in mainland China in the three groups of the Chinese scholars in the Confucian studies in the 1980s and early 1990s. Then we describe how a group of innovative mainland Confucian thinkers has since the mid-1990s come of age launching new versions of Confucian thought differing from that of the overseas New Confucians and their forefathers, followed by our summary of public Confucian pursuits and activities in the mainland society in the recent decade. Finally, we provide a few concluding remarks about the difficulties encountered in the Confucian development and our general expectations for future. 1 Introduction Confucianism is not just a philosophical doctrine constructed by Confucius (551- 479BCE) and developed by his followers. It is more like a religion in the general sense. In fact, Confucius took himself as a cultural transmitter rather than a creator (cf. Analects 7.1, 7.20), inheriting the Sinic culture that had long existed before him.2 Dr. RUICHANG WANG, Professor, School of Culture & Communications, Capital university of Economics and Business. Emai: [email protected]. -
Vergil and the English Poets Columbia University Press Sales Agents
Book .N h Copyright N^ CDRORIGHT DEPOSIT. Columbia Wini\itt0itv STUDIES IN ENGLISH AND COMPARATIVE LITERATURE VERGIL AND THE ENGLISH POETS COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS SALES AGENTS NEW YOltK LEMCKE & BUECHNER 30-32 Eabt 27tu Stueet LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD Amen Corner, E.G. SHANGHAI EDWARD EVANS & SONS, Ltd. 30 North Szechuen Road VERGIL AND THE ENGLISH POETS BY ELIZABETH NITCHIE, Ph. D. Instructor in English in Goucher Collegb ^^^'^^^ COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1919 All rights reserved < Copyright, 1919 By Columbia University Press Printed from type, April, 1919 ^ k7 i9!9 ©CI.A515690 -v- .', ( This Monograph has been approved by the Department of English and Comparative Literature in Columbia University as a contribution to knowledge worthy of publication. A. H. THORNDIKE, Executive Officer PREFACE This book has grown out of a long-standing interest in the classics and a feeling that the connection between the Uterature of Greece and Rome and that of England is too seldom realized and too seldom stressed by the lovers and teachers of both. As Sir Gilbert Murray has said in his recent presidential address to the Classical Association of England, The Religion of a Man of Letters, ^^ Paradise Lost and Prometheus Unbound are . the children of Vergil and Homer, of Aeschylus and Plato. Let us admit that there must of necessity be in all English literature a strain of what one may call vernacular English thought. ... It remains true that from the Renaissance onward, nay, from Chaucer and even from Alfred, the higher and more massive workings of our literature owe more to the Greeks and Romans than to our own un-Romanized ancestors." Vergil has probably exerted more influence upon the literature of England throughout its whole course and in all its branches than any other Roman poet.