Home Automation

Networked Smart Gateways for Energy Management and Control Nicholas Sargologos

Introduction gateway is the interface between the standards-based communication utility-controlled smart grid and energy- technologies driven by the Advanced Governments worldwide are mandating consuming in-house objects. Metering Infrastructure (AMI) improved energy efficiency, requiring an organization. investment in the new smart grid and smart energy management structure. Evolution of Networked The goal is to create a smart grid that Smart Gateways (NSG) “The average cost of saving will change the way power is deployed The smart grid device that enables utility a kilowatt-hour through for sustainable energy around the world. companies to capture customer usage efficiency is 1.7 cents per At the heart of the world-wide rollout of data is the smart meter, show in Figure smart meters and the construction of 1 as a part of the home automation kilowatt-hour; the cost of a smart grid network infrastructure lays network (HAN) on the left side of the generating any new kilowatt- the goal of energy efficiency from the diagram. The evolution of smart meters hour of electricity today would generation, transmission and distribution has been incremental, beginning with to the end customer. the integration of short range RF be over 10 cents per kilowatt- technologies that allowed “drive-by” Leveraging the deployment of hour—so the cost savings capture of meter readings, which saved communications-enabled electricity time and improved accuracy. generated through efficiency meters, many applications can be offered to home owners for optimizing Next, smart meter improvements are spectacular” overall energy management and to utility followed that eliminated the need for John Bryson companies as a means of managing a mobile field staff to capture meter Chairman and CEO of Edison the load of their grid and preventing data. This latest round of smart meter International power demand peaks. The energy improvements has been based on

FigureNetworked 1: Networked Smart GatewaysSmart Gateways Multi-Application Multi-Application Support Support

Wi-Fi® Security Cameras (up to 8) HD Monitor PC Tablet SmartPlug Computer

802.11n Wi-FFii LAN

ZigBee® MC13226 Home Automation 1.0 3G/4G USB HAN WAN Smart Meter or

ZigBee Cable or DSL Smart Energy Smart HH 1.0 MPC8308-NSG MPC8308 and MC13226 Linux®/OpenWrt Enables Smart Handheld Devices to Remotely Monitor and Control: MCF51EM256 and • Smart Meters and Home Automation Devices MC13224V • Wireless-Enabled Safety Devices Lighting, Smoke Alarms, Cameras • “Anytime, Anywhere” Access and Control

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Figure 2: Freescale’s Networked Smart Gateway Reference Design Freescale’s Networked Smart Gateway Reference Design

ZigBee USB Dongle or SE 1.0 4G/3G BB Smart Meter Power USB PHY USB PHY NAND/NOR Sequencing/ Flash DDR2 Monitoring USB HUB

ZigBee® MCU USB 2.0 Local Bus 16/32-bit DDR2 Module HA 1.0 2.4GHz MPC8308 2 I2C RTC SPI I C e300 Core Temp UART Sensor DB9 RS232 DUART 16 KB 16 KB I-cache D-cache PCIe SDHC EEPROM eTESC1 eTESC2 SerDes x1

GE GE WiFi® SC PHY PHY 802.1 1n Card WAN WAN module Slot 3G

or BB Router WiFi Smart Freescale Technology Optional Handheld

FigureFreescale 3: Freescale Energy Gateway Energy Solution Gateway using Solution QorIQ Using P1010 the Processor QorIQ P1010 Processor

Single core e500 up to 800 MHz NAND/NOR DDR3/LP • Energy efficient system design Flash • Natural convection cooling capable • Optimal BOM and performance design

ZigBee® (IFC) Flash Transceiver SPI SEC4.x 16/32-bit DDR3/LP Controller

UART PCI-e (x2) DB9 RS232

DUART P1010 Ser UART PCI-E for Additional DB9 RS232 e500 Core -Des (x6) High-Speed Connectivity

USB 2.0 256 KB S AT A (x2) 32 KB 32 KB 1.2 SATA Hard Drive EEPROM I D I2C

2 I C RTC SD/MM SGMII eCAN eTSEC1 eTSEC2 eTSEC3 GE (x2) C PHY Temp Sensor

RGMII RGMII Addressing the needs of the industrial market: MCU MII • Secure boot, eCAN, multiple UARTS • High-performance 1920 DMIPS with support for natural convection cooling and extended temps Home Plug GE 5-Port Switch Power AV or G.HN PHY (w/PHY) Sequencing

freescale.com 63 Home Automation

NSG’s Graphical User Interface

The use of standards-based Figure 4: NSG’s Graphical User Interface communication technologies has opened the door for existing home- networking platforms, such as residential gateways and broadband AP routers, to incorporate connectivity support. This new class of platform is Smart HH referred to as a “smart energy gateway,” Enables M2M link to smart handheld, or alternatively, a “networked smart remotely monitor and control: • Smart meters and smart appliances gateway (NSG)” and represents the - SE 1.0 heart of the HAN. - HA 1.0 - SEP 2.0* • Wireless-enabled safety devices - Security lighting Key Benefits of Smart - ZigBee smoke alarms - ZigBee intrusion detectors Energy Gateway or NSG • “Anytime-Anywhere” access and control A smart energy gateway provides the necessary interface between the 2.0 (coming soon) and M-Bus in the Of equal importance to providing this utility-controlled smart grid and energy- European market. The integration of UI is the ability to access it remotely, at consuming in-house object. Some of these PHYs together with support for any time, via a smart handheld device the key benefits of the smart energy communication protocols associated or tablet. This capability leverages gateway solution are: with them is a key requirement for the global preference by consumers • Control activation/deactivation of HAN designing a smart energy gateway. In to utilize a single smart device for all appliances parallel, these same PHY technologies their communication applications, • Collect real-time energy consumption are rapidly being adopted for use within extending from voice, texting, email and from smart meter and power the HAN to support home automation entertainment to now include home consumption data from various connectivity with appliances, lighting, monitoring, security and control. in-house objects security systems and health monitoring • Generate dashboards to provide devices, as illustrated in Figure 1. This Freescale’s Smart Gateway feedback about power usage enablement is being guided by AMI Solution as well as the Association of Home • Provide control menus to control Freescale’s smart energy gateway appliances Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM), the solution is designed to address the USNAP consortium and HEMS Alliance. • Provide a ubiquitous link to wide area challenges mentioned above. It can be Other considerations that must be designed either with Freescale’s low-end network (WAN) for remote control/ factored into smart energy gateway processors, like the MPC8308 using an readout designs include backhaul support to e300 core, or with Freescale’s high-end WAN, and perhaps most importantly, processors, like P1010/P102x which Challenges in Implementing a user interface (UI) that enables uses an e500 core. Figure 2 and Figure Smart Energy Gateway access, monitoring and control over the 3 show a reference design for each of Solution connected HAN devices. these solutions. This multi-functional energy gateway can support machine- The key modifications necessary This last factor deserves special to-machine (M2M) connectivity from to enable a residential gateway to emphasis. The ability to access, monitor smart handheld devices, such as smart serve as a smart energy gateway is and control devices within the HAN is phones or tablets, to HAN. Through this support for the PHYs and protocols an essential capability if consumers M2M connection, a user can remotely that have been adopted for use in are going to successfully manage and monitor energy usage, receive alerts smart meters and home automation conserve the energy they use. The UI from their utility company regarding devices. The PHYs used in smart must allow customers to see exactly billing or tariff changes, and manage meters include: HomePlug Green PHY the smart devices within his/her HAN. how much energy they are using, how (Power Line Communication), ZigBee® Due to this, it serves as a single-chip much the utility company is charging technology and 802.11. The associated solution providing all necessary secure for that energy, and provide the communication protocols include connections between end-to-end ability to exercise control over HAN- DLMS, Smart Energy 1.0, Smart Energy devices in smart grid network. connected devices, if necessary.

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How Does NSG Work? MPC8308-NSGFigure 5:Kit MPC8308-NSGDetails Reference Design Kit The Freescale MPC8308 NSG reference Kit Contents Back View design with integrated ZigBee module (shown in Figure 2 earlier) enables connectivity with any ZigBee-enabled HAN device. This allows the HAN to Power 2x USB 2x SD JTAG Reset be accessed and controlled over an 2.0 GigE Card M2M link between a smart hand-held device and NSG, using an intuitive GUI, as shown in Figure 4. The MPC8308- NSG supports HAN, wireless local area network (WLAN) and wide area network (WAN) connectivity, with an Textured integrated MPC13226 ZigBee radio for Surface Attach HAN connectivity to smart meters as Logo Label well as smart plugs and appliances, an integrated 802.11n 2x2 Wi-Fi® module that delivers over 300 Mbps of WLAN Key Features of Freescale’s NSG Key Advantages of Freescale’s performance and support for broadband Solution NSG Solution WAN connectivity via either cable, • Seamless wireless connectivity (TCP/ • Cost-optimized bill of materials DSL or LTE/3G. In addition, NSG also IP, 802.11n, ZigBee) • Enables “anytime/anywhere” access supports the latest 2x2 802.11n Wi-Fi Smart metering via ZigBee sensors and control over an M2M link from radio modules via its miniPCI connector, (via SE 1.0 or MBus) any smart hand-held device via its as well as dual Gigabit Ethernet ports, Remote management and control graphical user interface (GUI) to enable true broadband connectivity. of smart appliances (via ZigBee • Provides a superb price/performance For wireless Internet connectivity, a 3G HA1.0) blend and the horsepower to run a or 4G USB module can be attached via M2M “anytime/anywhere” access variety of applications simultaneously either of the two high-speed USB 2.0 and management, via smart • Supports a rich mix of networking ports that are provided on the NSG. handheld or Web-enabled devices capabilities such as voice-over- Internet Protocol (VoIP), HD video • Simple Web-GUI: Easy-to-use with streaming, and home security and MPC8308-NSG any Web-enabled device surveillance in addition to energy Reference Design Meter reading, energy consumption management and control and home The MPC8308-NSG reference design and history automation capabilities by leveraging kit shown in Figure 5 includes a Alert notifications of tariff changes Freescale’s networking expertise by utilities in real time complete suite of OpenWRT software • CE and FCC Class A certified, RoHS that requires no license fees and Demand response: Manage compliant, ready for mass production energy usage (HVAC, lighting, car supports the following applications: • Complete OpenWRT software suite GUI that enables Web-based access charging, etc.) Home automation and security and management of connected devices Conclusion and applications, networked video • Integration of four essential software Bridging the smart grid with the HAN, recorder (NVR) for home surveillance, stacks Freescale’s networked smart gateway HD video streaming and ZigBee HAN TCP/IP: Broadband WAN/LAN solution delivers new possibilities in profiles for Smart Energy 1.0 and Home connectivity home energy monitoring, while allowing Automation 1.0. Freescale’s NSG ZigBee Home Automation 1.0 utility companies to tailor specific reference design features a compact, Profile energy packages. The multi-application 4" x 5” four-layer board, and includes ZigBee Smart Energy 1.0 Profile versatility and cost effectiveness of a cost-effective enclosure with dual Web-based GUI (Java) for ease Freescale’s networked smart gateway antennas and power supply. of use makes it an ideal solution for adding home energy management and control capabilities to a standard broadband gateway platform. freescale.com 65 Beyond Bits Power Architecture Edition

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