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CCA] Inclusive For/Adapted to Everybody?

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CCA] Inclusive For/Adapted to Everybody? DEGREE PROJECT IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2020 Is local climate change adaptation [CCA] inclusive for/adapted to everybody? A qualitative study and intersectional analysis of local CCA within Stockholm County SARA MATTSSON KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT TRITA TRITA-ABE-MBT- 20573 www.kth.se Is local climate change adaptation [CCA] inclusive for/adapted to everybody? A qualitative study and intersectional analysis of local CCA within Stockholm County Är klimatanpassning anpassad för alla? En kvalitativ studie och intersektionell analys av klimatanpassning i Stockholms län Author: Sara Mattsson Supervisor: Nathalie Bergame Examiner: Sara Borgström Degree project in Strategies for Sustainable Development, Second Cycle AL250X, 30 credits KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Architecture and Built Environment Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Sammanfattning Stockholms län genomför för närvarande klimatanpassnings-åtgärder, vilket gör det viktigt att urskilja hur det tar sig i uttryck. Tidigare forskning har signalerat att sociala dimensioner klimatanpassning av städer, särskilt i det globala Nord, i stort sett har ignorerats. Därför syftar denna uppsats till att ge en övergripande förståelse för hur klimatanpassning inom Stockholms län tar sig i uttryck och vilka sociala perspektiv bedöms relevanta verksamma tjänstemän inom klimatanpassning. Uppsatsen hade två forskningsfrågor: 1) Enligt tjänstemän som arbetar med klimatanpassning inom Stockholms län, vad prioriteras och vad prioriteras inte inom nuvarande klimatanpassnings-praxis för en klimatrisk, och varför? 2)Enligt tjänstemän som arbetar med klimatanpassning inom Stockholms län, vem anses vara sårbar inom klimatanpassning, och var inom nuvarande klimatanpassnings-praxis tas det i åtanke? Uppsatsen har förlitats sig i stort på intersektionalitet som ett analytiskt verktyg och som vägledning i en litteraturstudie. Eftersom klimatanpassning utförs inom fysisk planering av kommunen, har fem tjänstemän som arbetar som miljöplanerare eller miljö-strateger intervjuats i en semistrukturerad intervjustudie. Materialet har analyserades genom tematisk analys. Den tematiska analysen gav tre typer av teman, där en viss prioritering kunde urskiljas. Resultaten tyder på att nuvarande klimatanpassning prioriterar specifika klimatrisker (översvämningar, ras och skred), vissa byggnader (ny bebyggelse) och vissa utvärderingar (tekniska). Dessutom visade resultatet på att värmeböljor, befintliga miljöer och bedömningar av sociala dimensioner är av mindre vikt och fokus inom klimatanpassning. Den tematiska analysen gav även ett fjärde tema kallat Sårbarheter. Under detta tema, presenterades hur sårbarheter inför klimatförändringar uppfattas av de intervjuade tjänstemännen och de angivna sårbarheterna analyserades med ett befintligt intersektionellt ramverk. Resultaten från den intersektionella analysen visar att specifika identitetskategorier beaktas mer i vissa klimatrisker, till exempel vid värmeböljor som har tydliga hälsokonsekvenser jämfört med andra extrema väderhändelser. Den visar också att kön är den minst utforskade i dagens klimatanpassnings- praxis i Stockholms Län. i Abstract Stockholm County is currently implementing climate change adaptation, making it essential to distinguish the priorities being made. Previous research has suggested that social dimensions of climate change adaptation in cities, especially in the Global North, are largely ignored. Therefore, this thesis aims to identify how social dimension issues of current local Climate Change Adaptation [CCA] in Stockholm County is perceived by CCA-practitioners and provide an overall understanding of how current local Climate Change Adaptation [CCA] materializes in Stockholm County. Five civil servants working as environmental planners/strategists were interviewed and part of a semi-structured interview study, which was analyzed through thematic analysis and an intersectional framework. The results suggest that current local CCA prioritizes specific climate hazards (Floods and different erosion- related hazards), certain buildings (new developments), and certain evaluations (technical). In addition, heatwaves, existing built environments, and social dimension assessments were shown to be of less focus in current local CCA. The results from the intersectional franmework showed that specific identity categories are considered in certain climate hazards, specifically in heatwaves that have clear health outcomes compared to the other hazards. It also shows that gender seems to be the least explored identity category of vulnerability in current local CCA-practice. Keywords Urban Climate Change Adaptation, Physical Planning, Stockholm County, Vulnerabilities, Intersectional Framework ii Acknowledgments After five years at The Royal Institute of Technology, this thesis puts an end to my engineer degree in Energy and Environment and a master’s degree in Environmental Technology and Sustainable Infrastructure and initiates a beginning of something else. I am therefore immensely thankful to the people that supported me in the process of finalizing my thesis. I am very grateful to my supervisor Nathalie Bergame for all the guidance she has provided me with and for the interesting discussions we have had. I am especially thankful for the support she has given me to embark on a path of urban climate change adaptation and feminist theory, which resulted in this thesis. My sincere gratitude also goes to every civil servant that I interviewed. Each interview encouraged me to continue within the field that my thesis explores. Moreover, I wish to thank Anna Wedin and Annika Carlsson- Kanyama for allowing me to exchange thoughts with them. Thank you for your time and your interesting inputs. Lastly, I want to thank my friends and family who supported me throughout this spring of thesis writing during a time of many changes. Sara Mattsson Stockholm, June 2020 iii Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Previous studies ............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Problem definition......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4. Research questions ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.5. Delimitations ................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.6. Disposition ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.7. Explanations and translations ...................................................................................................................... 6 2. BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................7 2.1. Climate change in urban areas .......................................................................................................................7 2.2. Climate change-induced climate hazards in Stockholm County ................................................................. 8 2.2.1. Heatwaves and Urban Heat Island Effects ........................................................................................ 9 2.2.2. Floods .................................................................................................................................................10 2.3. Local CCA planning of Stockholm County .................................................................................................. 11 2.3.1. Physical planning ............................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.2. Responsibility of municipalities ........................................................................................................ 12 2.3.2.a. The role of insurance companies ................................................................................................. 13 2.4. Theory and concepts..................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.1. Gender ................................................................................................................................................ 13 2.4.2. Intersectionality ................................................................................................................................. 14 2.4.2.a. History and definition .................................................................................................................. 14 2.4.2.b. Traveling concept ......................................................................................................................... 15 3. METHOD ...............................................................................................................
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