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New Species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenoidea, Gyrodactylidae) from the White Sands Pupfish, Cyprinodon Tularosa, in New Mexico Author(S): Delane C

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New Species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenoidea, Gyrodactylidae) from the White Sands Pupfish, Cyprinodon Tularosa, in New Mexico Author(S): Delane C Southwestern Association of Naturalists New Species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenoidea, Gyrodactylidae) from the White Sands Pupfish, Cyprinodon tularosa, in New Mexico Author(s): Delane C. Kritsky and Craig A. Stockwell Source: The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Sep., 2005), pp. 312-317 Published by: Southwestern Association of Naturalists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3672474 . Accessed: 09/09/2011 15:32 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Southwestern Association of Naturalists is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Southwestern Naturalist. http://www.jstor.org SEPTEMBER 2005 THE SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST 50(3)50(3):312-317 :312-317 SEPTEMBER2005 NEW SPECIES OF GYRODACTYLUS(MONOGENOIDEA, GYRODACTYLIDAE) FROM THE WHITE SANDS PUPFISH, CYPRINODONTULAROSA, IN NEW MEXICO DELANEC. KRITSKY*AND CRAIGA. STOCKWELL Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Campus Box 8090, Idaho State University,Pocatello, ID 83209 (DCK) Department of Biological Sciences,North Dakota State University, ND 58105 (CAS) * Fargo, Correspondent:[email protected] ABSTRACT-A new species of Gyrodactylus(Monogenoidea, Gyrodactylidae)is described from the skin of the White Sands pupfish, Cyprinodontularosa Miller and Echelle, 1975 (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae)from Salt Creek, White Sands Missile Range, TularosaBasin, New Mexico. The new species is compared with the 6 species of Gyrodactylidaeknown to parasitizepupfish in the southern United States. RESUMEN-Una nueva especie de Gyrodactylus(Monogenoidea, Gyrodactylidae) se describe de la piel del pez cachorrito, Cyprinodontularosa Miller and Echelle, 1975 (Cyprinodontiformes,Cy- prinodontidae) de Salt Creek, White Sands Missile Range, TularosaBasin, New Mexico. La nueva especie se compara con seis especies de Gyrodactylidaeque parasitanal pez cachorrito al sur de los Estados Unidos. Native populations of the White Sands pup- mediately placed in hot (60?C) 5% formalin fish, Cyprinodon tularosa Miller and Echelle, solution. Gyrodactylids were subsequently re- 1975 (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae), moved from the sediment using a small probe occur only in Salt Creek and Malpais Spring and stereomicroscope. Some specimens were (type locality) on the White Sands Missile mounted unstained in Gray and Wess medium Range, Tularosa Basin, New Mexico. Non-na- for study of sclerotized structures; other spec- imens were stained with Gomori's trichrome tive pupfish populations at Mound Spring, and mounted as whole mounts in Canada bal- White Sands Missile Range, and in the Lost River, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico sam for study of soft anatomy (Kritsky et al., 1978; Humason, Illustrations were (Pittenger and Springer, 1999), are descended 1979). pre- with the aid of a camera lucida or mi- from the native population in Salt Creek pared Anatomical was that (Stockwell et al., 1998). The fish is listed as croprojector. terminology presented by Mizelle and Kritsky (1967a) and threatened by the state of New Mexico because Kritsky and Mizelle (1968). of its limited distribution (Miller and Echelle, Type specimens were deposited in the United States National 1975; Pittenger and Springer, 1999). During Parasite Collection (USNPC), Beltville, research on the of White Mary- evolutionary ecology land and the British Museum (Natural Histo- Sands CAS, were dis- pupfish by gyrodactylids ry) (BM[NH]), London, United Kingdom. For covered the skin of the fish. These parasitizing comparative purposes, the following museum helminths to a new of belonged species Gyro- specimens were examined: holotype, paratype, von 1832 dactylus Nordmann, (Monogenoidea, Gyrodactyluscyprinodontis Mizelle and Kritsky, that is described herein. Gyrodactylidae) 1967 (USNPC 62951); holotype, 2 paratypes, White Sands pupfish were collected by Gyrodactylushargisi Williams and Rogers, 1971 beach seine from Salt Creek at Range Road (USNPC 71759, 71760). 316, White Sands Missile Range, Tularosa Ba- sin, Sierra County, New Mexico (Township 12S, Gyrodactylustularosae sp. n. Range 6E, NE/4 section 3) during 2003. Fish Description-Body fusiform; greatest width were sacrificed in MS-222 (500 mg/L) and im- usually at level of uterus containing embryo; September 2005 Kritsky and Stockwell-New species of Gyrodactylus 313 peduncle tapering toward haptor (Fig. la). Ce- White Sands Missile Range, Sierra County, New phalic lobes well developed, each containing Mexico. head organ, spike sensilla. Cephalic glands CollectionDate- 12 September 2003. comprising 3 bilateral groups of unicellular SpecimensDeposited-Holotype, USNPC 94779; glands: 2 pairs prepharyngeal, single pair post- 20 paratypes, USNPC 94780, BM(NH) pharyngeal. Pharynx having 2 tandem bulbs, 2004.4.20.1-8. posterior bulb larger, anterior bulb with 8 pa- Etymology-This species is named for its host, pillae frequently emerging from mouth. Cyprinodontularosa. Esophagus moderately long; intestinal ceca Remarks-North American species of Cypri- nonconfluent posterior to gonads, with mod- nodon are known to be parasitized by 6 species erately thick wall. Testis subovate, lying poster- of Gyrodactylidae: Gyrodactylusnevadensis Miz- odorsal to ovary. Proximal portion of vas de- elle and Kritsky, 1967, Gyrodactylussaratogensis ferens not observed. Two tandem seminal ves- Mizelle and Kritsky, 1967, and Gyrodactyluscy- icles simple dilations of vas deferens; larger prinodontis from the Amargosa pupfish, Cypri- proximal vesicle lying to right or left of body nodon nevadensis nevadensis Eigenmann and Ei- midline at level of uterine pore; distal vesicle genmann, 1889 in Saratoga Springs, Death Val- small, emptying into copulatory organ through ley, California (Mizelle and Kritsky, 1967a); small dorsal pore. Two bilateral prostatic and Gyrodactylushargisi, Gyrodactylusmobilensis glands, 1 lying on each side of distal seminal Williams and Rogers, 1971, and Fundulotrema vesicle; each prostatic gland with 1 or 2 nuclei, prolongis (Hargis, 1955) Kritsky and Thatcher, emptying into copulatory organ by short duct. 1977 from the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon Copulatory organ armed with large spine, 3 to variegatus Lacepede, 1803 on Dauphin Island, 5 (usually 5) spinelets; medial spinelets smaller Alabama (Williams and Rogers, 1971). Wil- than lateral spinelets (Fig. lb). Ovary contain- liams and Rogers (1971) considered Gyrodacty- ing large oocyte surrounded by thin peripheral lus sp. of Hargis (1955) on C. variegatus from layer of germinal cells; oviduct short; uterus Alligator Harbor, Florida, to be a synonym of with 1 or 2 generations of embryos (or empty); G. hargisi. uterine pore midventral at level of proximal Gyrodactylustularosae is easily differentiated seminal vesicle. Vitellarium absent or replaced from G. mobilensisby having folded superficial by up to 7 apparently syncytial masses located anchor roots (roots straight in G. mobilensis) in posterior trunk, peduncle; 2 anterior syn- and hooklet points shorter than the hooklet cytial masses with reticulate cytoplasm. Haptor shafts (hooklet point longer than shaft in G. subcircular. Hooks similar, intrahamular; mobilensis). However, morphologies of the hap- shank uniform, with imperceptible proximal toral sclerites of G. tularosae, G. nevadensis, G. enlargement; hooklet with short open point, cyprinodontis,G. hargisi, and G. saratogensisare sloping shaft, globose heel, tapered toe with essentially identical. Differentiation of the lat- diagonal termination; filamentous hooklet ter 5 species rests primarily in the comparative loop about one-half shank length (Fig. Ic). Su- lengths of their anchors, with G. cyprinodontis perficial anchor root folded medially, flat- possessing the largest anchors followed by tened, with thickened edges; anchor fold pre- those of G. tularosae, G. nevadensis, G. hargisi, sent, securing ends of superficial bar; anchor and G. saratogensis, respectively (Table 1). shaft slightly arched; point recurved, elongate Based on comparative anchor length, G. tula- (Fig. Id). Superficial bar with moderately long rosae is most similar to G. cyprinodontis.Anchor anterolateral terminal rami; superficial-bar lengths for G. tularosae and G. cyprinodontisare shield tapered posteriorly, extending to mid- significantly different (t23 = -14.66; P < length of anchor shaft; deep bar variable, with 0.001). Although Mizelle and Kritsky (1967b) attenuated ends inserted into anchor base indicated that the description of G. cyprinodon- (Fig. id). tis was based on 8 specimens, these authors did Measurements-Table 1. not provide a standard deviation nor specifi- Type Host-White Sands pupfish, Cyprinodon cally indicate the number of measurements for tularosa Miller and Echelle, 1975. anchor length that were taken. Thus, our de- Site-Skin. termination of significance was based on the Type Locality-Salt Creek (Tularosa Basin), assumption that 8 measurements for anchor 314 The SouthwesternNaturalist vol. 50, no. 3 =t b C =t Jaa - Jy~ FIG. 1-Gyrodactylus tularosae sp. n. la) Whole mount (ventral view). lb) Copulatory organ. 1c) Hook. Id) Anchor-bar complex. All
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