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Rapid Watershed Assessment Tularosa Valley Watershed Tularosa Valley Watershed (HUC8 13050003) Rapid Watershed Assessment Tularosa Valley Watershed 1 Tularosa Valley Watershed (HUC8 13050003) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 2 Tularosa Valley Watershed (HUC8 13050003) Table of Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Physical Setting ............................................................................................................................... 7 Precipitation .................................................................................................................................. 10 Land Ownership ............................................................................................................................ 11 Land Use / Land Cover ................................................................................................................. 13 Hydrology ..................................................................................................................................... 17 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................................................................ 20 Invasive Species ............................................................................................................................ 26 Common Resource Areas ............................................................................................................. 27 Conservation ................................................................................................................................. 29 Soil Resource Inventory ................................................................................................................ 31 Socioeconomic Data ..................................................................................................................... 35 References ..................................................................................................................................... 36 List of Tables Table 1.Tularosa Valley Watershed acreage distribution. .............................................................. 6 Table 2. Land ownership in the Tularosa Valley Watershed ........................................................ 12 Table 3. Extent of NLCD classes in the Tularosa Valley Watershed. .......................................... 14 Table 4. SW Region Gap analysis ecosystem acreages. ............................................................... 16 Table 5. NHD Water Course Type and Extents ........................................................................... 18 Table 6. Listed Uses. NS = Not Supporting, NA = not assessed, x = Fully Supporting ............. 21 Table 7. Possible Causes of Impairment ....................................................................................... 23 Table 8. Threatened and Endangered Species..........................................................................25-26 Table 9. Invasive Species Recognized by the SWEMP and Texas Invasives.org ........................ 26 Table 10. 5 year Trends in Applied Conservation Practices. Reported in Acres. ........................ 29 Table 11. 5 Year Trends in Location Specific Applied Conservation Practices. Reported in Feet if Linear (i.e. Fence) ...................................................................................................................... 30 Table 12. Criteria Used for Soil Erosion Susceptibility Model. ................................................... 32 Table 13. Soil Erosion Potential Model Results. A greater rank indicates greater potential for erosion. .......................................................................................................................................... 34 Table 14. Socioeconomic Data of the Counties in the Watershed(2010)………………............. 35 Tularosa Valley Watershed (HUC8 13050003) List of Figures Figure 1. Tularosa Valley Watershed Overview ............................................................................. 5 Figure 2. Tularosa Valley Watershed Hydrologic Soil Group.........................................................8 Figure 3. Tularosa Valley Watershed Shaded Relief ...................................................................... 9 Figure 4. Tularosa Valley Watershed Annual Precipitation. ........................................................ 10 Figure 5. Tularosa Valley Watershed Land Ownership. ............................................................... 11 Figure 6. Subset of the National Land Cover Dataset over the Tularosa Valley Watershed. ....... 13 Figure 7. Subset of the SWREGAP over the Tularosa Valley Watershed ................................... 15 Figure 8. National Hydrologic Dataset (NHD) of the Tularosa Valley Watershed ...................... 17 Figure 9. Gauging Stations in the Tularosa Valley Watershed ..................................................... 19 Figure 10. Monthly Average of Mean Daily Flow at Salt Creek near Tularosa, NM. Period of observation: 1995-2010. ............................................................................................................... 20 Figure 11. 303(d) Impaired Waters ............................................................................................... 22 Figure 12. Declared Groundwater Basins of the Tularosa Valley ................................................ 24 Figure 13. Common Resource Areas of the Tularosa Valley. ...................................................... 27 Figure 14. National Cooperative Soil Survey coverage of the Tularosa Valley Watershed. ........ 31 Figure 15. Tularosa Valley Watershed Erosion Potential. ............................................................ 33 Tularosa Valley Watershed (HUC8 13050003) Overview Figure 1. Tularosa Valley Watershed Overview. 5 Tularosa Valley Watershed (HUC8 13050003) Overview The Tularosa Valley Watershed is located in southern-central New Mexico and in the northwestern part of Texas. It covers 4,292,993 total acres (17,373 sq. km). Portions of the Tularosa Valley Watershed are in Dona Ana, Lincoln, Otero, Sierra, Socorro, and Torrance counties in New Mexico and in El Paso and Hudspeth counties in Texas. Table 1 summarizes the distribution of the Tularosa Valley Watershed. County Acres % of HUC in % of County in County Acres in HUC Total County HUC Dona Ana, 2,441,223 504,641 12 21 NM Lincoln, 3,089,787 832,055 19 27 NM Otero, 4,238,818 2,058,873 48 49 NM Sierra, 2,711,883 382,135 9 14 NM Socorro, 4,255,295 426,967 10 10 NM Torrance, 2,139,978 12,212 0 1 NM El Paso, 649,004 57,524 1 9 TX Hudspeth, 2,922,491 18,578 0 1 TX Sum (∑) -- 4,292,993 100 -- Table 1. Tularosa Valley Watershed acreage distribution. Tularosa Valley Watershed (HUC8 13050003) Physical Setting Geology: The Tularosa Valley HUC has a northern boundary near Kerr Well near Gran Quivira. It is bounded on the west side by Chupadera Mesa, the Oscura Mountains, the San Andres Mountains, the Organ Mountains, and the Franklin Mountains. It is bounded on the east side by Atkinson flats, Gallinas Peak, Rough Mountain, Tecolote Peak, the Sacramento Mountains, the Vera Cruz Mountains, the Sacramento Mountains from Sierra Blanca to Culp Peak, Otero Mesa, and the Hueco Mountains. The Tularosa Valley is an enclosed basin with no external outlet and is part of the Rio Grande Rift. A playa called Lake Lucero is the remains of the Pleistocene Epoch Lake Otero remains. Lake Lucero playa is rich in gypsum and other salts. The San Andres Mountains, Chupadera Mesa, Oscura Mountains, Sacramento Mountains Otero Mesa, and the Hueco Mountains are composed of Pennsylvanian Period limestone at the crest, which changes to Permian Period limestones, sandstones, siltstones, anhydrite, gypsum, halite and dolomite until the valley floor is encountered. The limestone is porous. The Organ Mountains, Gallenas Peak, Rough Mountain, Tecolote Peak, Carrizo Mountain, Sierra Blanca, the Vera Cruz Mountains, and the Jarilla Mountains are Tertiary Period granite intrusions. Surrounding Sierra Blanca are middle Tertiary Period volcanics. Along the western mountains and especially the southern portion of the valley floor, Quaternary-Tertiary Period partly compacted sands and gravels of the Santa Fe group occur. The Santa Fe Group consists of alluvial fans, river channel deposits and inter-bedded volcanic rocks preserved in a complex of depressed fault blocks within the Rio Grande depression. Quaternary Period piedmont alluvial sediments form alluvial fans along the mountains. In the north the Corrizozo lava
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