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Space Exploration for Dummies

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Space Exploration for Dummies Index animals in space Apollo missions. See Project • A • purpose of, 89–90 Apollo Soviet Union, 90–91 Apollo spacecraft ablate, explained, 124 Space Race, 12 American Moon missions, abort modes for Space Shuttle United States, 91–92 34, 36 launch, 201, 202 Ansarai, Anousheh (space Soyuz spacecraft, docking Abort Once Around abort tourist), 317 with, 14, 192 mode, 202 Ansari X Prize, 313, 317–319 Apollo Telescope Mount, 184 Abort to Orbit abort mode, 202 Apollo 1 Apollo-Soyuz fl ight, 14, 98, 177, Aditya mission, 312 design changes made in the 191–193 aeolipile, explained, 35 aftermath, 68 Ares I rocket, 36, 298, 299–301 aerobraking, 228, 236, 291 fast facts about, 69 Ares V rocket, 36, 37, 298, aerogel, 242 lethal fi re, 63, 66–68, 127 299–301 aeronautical engineering, Apollo 2, 13, 127 Armadillo Aerospace, 319 explained, 10 Apollo 3, 127 Armstrong, Neil (astronaut) aerospace engineering, Apollo 4, 127 Apollo 11, 13, 132–133, explained, 10 Apollo 5, 127 134, 135 aerostat, explained, 162 Apollo 6, 127 famous quote, 133 Agena spacecraft, 104, 105–106 Apollo 7, 128–129 Gemini 8 mission, 103, 106 air tanks for fi refi ghters, Apollo 8, 129–130 Artyukin, Yuri lightweight, 347 Apollo 9, 130 (cosmonaut), 186 airplane technology, 347 Apollo 10, 131–132 asteroid 25143 Itokawa, 308 alarm locator systems, 347 Apollo 11 asteroids Aldrin, Edwin “Buzz” fl ag, planting and returning density of, 341 (astronaut) home, 135–136 explained, 26–27 Apollo 11, 13, 132, 133, Moon, landing on, 13, Galileo mission, 247 134, 135 132–133 Hayabusa mission, 308 Gemini 12 mission, 103 Moon dust, working and NEAR mission, 241–242 aliens walking in, 134 Astrobiology Field appearance of, 343 Apollo 12, 118, 138–139 Laboratory, 305 communication modes, Apollo 13 Astronaut Candidate Program, 343–344 accidents in space, overview 52–54 Earth, on, 344 of, 11 astronauts. See also specifi c Allen, Paul (businessman), 318 changes made as a result astronauts Alpha Centauri, 327 of, 74 living and working in space, Altair Lunar Lander, 301 oxygen tank explosion, 72–74 57–62 Anders, William (astronaut),COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Apollo 14, 139–141, 140 preparation to become, 51–55 128 Apollo 15, 142–146, 144 requirements and working Anderson, Michael Apollo 16, 146–148, 147 conditions, 10–11 (astronaut), 78 Apollo 17, 149–151, 152 space mission crews, 55–57 Andromeda Galaxy, 32 Apollo Guidance astronomers, defi ned, 20 angular momentum, 24 Computer, 126 352 Space Exploration For Dummies Atlantis (Space Shuttle) burn, explained, 40 Chandrayaan-1 mission, Compton Gamma Ray burn time, defi ned, 36 303, 315 Observatory, 218, 265 burnout, defi ned, 35 Chang’e, 303 fl ights of, 206, 207, 209 Bush, George H. W. (U.S. Chawla, Kalpana Galileo spacecraft, 216, 245 President), 236 (astronaut), 78 Magellan mission, 217, 233 Bush, George W. (U.S. China Shuttle-Mir program, 212 President), 297, 303 animals in space, 91 Atlas rockets, 163 Chang’e mission, 303 atmosphere space missions, 17–18 breathable, for humans, • C • space power, emergence of, 341–342 313–315 Cagle, Myrtle (Mercury 13), 99 extrasolar planets, 338 Yinghuo-1 mission, 312 Callisto (moon of Jupiter), 166, Jupiter, 247–248 Clark, Laurel (astronaut), 78 248, 335 in spacecrafts, and Apollo 1 clean room technology, Canadian Space Agency, 271 fi re, 67, 68 346–347 captured asteroids, Titan, 336 Clementine mission, 236–237 explained, 26 Titan Saturn System Close Encounters of the Third carbon dioxide “scrubbing” Mission, 307 Kind (movie), 344 apparatus, 73 Venus, 160 clothing carbon-assimilation Aurora 7, 98 improvements to, 349 experiment, 172 aurorae, explained, 167 space, for, 61 Carpenter, Scott (astronaut), automated sample return Cobb, Geraldyn “Jerrie” 96, 98 missions, 111 (Mercury 13), 99 Carr, Gerald (astronaut), 184 automobile engineering and cochlear implants, 346 Cassini spacecraft tires, 347 Cold War, 83–84 Cassini-Huygens mission, Collins, Michael (astronaut) 250, 251–254 Apollo 11, 132 Enceladus, 336 Gemini 10 mission, 103 • B • propellant, amount needed, Columbia bathing in space, 59–60, 281 42–43 Chandra X-Ray Observatory, Beagle 2 lander, 287 RTGs, 47 218, 266 Bean, Alan (astronaut) Titan, 336 changes made as a result of, Apollo 12, 138 Cassini-Huygens mission, 15, 78–79 Skylab 3 mission, 183 245, 250–256 fl ights of, 206, 207–208 Belyayev, Pavel Cassiopeia (constellation), 21 Hubble Space Telescope, 263 (cosmonaut), 100 centripetal force, 343 reentry disintegration, 77–78 BepiColumbo mission, 312 Ceres, 30 Space Shuttle Program, 198 Beregovoi, Georgi Cernan, Eugene A. (astronaut) Spacelab 1, 220 (cosmonaut), 108 Apollo 10, 131 thermal tiles, 78, 204 Big Dipper (constellation), 21 Apollo 17, 150, 151 Comet 9P/Tempel 1, 242, Binnie, Brian (pilot), 319 Gemini 9A mission, 103 243–244 biogenic elements, Chaffee, Roger (astronaut), 66 Comet Halley, 162 explained, 333 Challenger (Space Shuttle) Comet Hartley-2, 244 Bondarenko, Valentin changes made as a result of, Comet Kohoutek, 184 (cosmonaut), 69 76–77 Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, 247 booster rockets, 36, 37 explosion, 11, 75–76 Comet Wild 2, 242 Borman, Frank (astronaut) fl ights of, 199, 206, 207, comets Apollo 8, 128 208, 209 coma of a comet, 242 Gemini 7 mission, 102 Galileo launch delay, 216 life, fi nding, 337–338 Brand, Vance (astronaut), 192 Chandra X-Ray Observatory, sources of in our solar breccias, explained, 148 218, 266–268 system, 25 Brown, David (astronaut), 78 Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan commanders of space Buran Program, 211 (astrophysicist), 268 missions, 56 Index 353 Command/Service Modules, cryostat, explained, 270 122, 123–124, 128–129, Cunningham, Walter • E • 132, 135 (astronaut), 128 Earth commercial payload curiosity about space, key details of, 26 specialists, 57 satisfying, 323–325 understanding better, commercial spacefl ight, 324–325 317–319 view of, 114, 115 communication • D • Earth Departure Stage of a aliens, with, 343–344 da Vinci, Leonardo rocket, 301 laser communication (inventor), 10 Earth orbit rendezvous, 122 systems, 348 Daphnis (moon of Saturn), 252 Earth-trailing heliocentric Mars Odyssey, 286 data-relay satellites, 218 orbit, 270 Pioneer 10 and 11, 167–168 De revolutionibus orbium eating in space, 57–58 radio telescopes, 47–49 coelestium (On the Ecliptic plane, explained, 22 Voyager missions, 174–175, Revolutions of the Celestial education 175–176 Spheres) (Copernicus), 23 requirements for Compton, Arthur H. Deep Impact mission, 243–244 astronauts, 52 (scientist), 266 Deep Space 1 mission, 44 training, additional, 53 Compton Gamma Ray Deep Space Network, 47–49 education specialists, 56 Observatory, 16, 218, Defense Satellite Educator Astronaut 265–266 Communications Program, 77 computer-aided tomography System, 219 Einstein’s theory of special (CAT) scans, 345 Deimos (moon of Mars), relativity, 339–340 computers 26, 224 Eisele, Donn (astronaut), 128 Apollo Missions, 126 Delta II rocket, 268 Eisenhower, Dwight D. (U.S. technology improved by Dietrich, Jan (Mercury 13), 99 President), 120 space program, 348 Dietrich, Marion electromagnetic spectrum, 264 Conrad, Charles, Jr. (Mercury 13), 99 Eliot, T.S. (poet), 324 (astronaut) direct ascent fl ight design, 121 elliptical galaxies, 32 Apollo 12, 138 disaster, escaping, with space Enceladus (moon of Saturn), Gemini 5 mission, 102 travel, 326–327 27, 253, 336, 337 Gemini 11 mission, 103 Discovery (Space Shuttle) (Space Shuttle) Skylab 2 mission, 181 Endeavor fl ights of, 37, 199, 206, fl ights of, 206, 207 constellations, 20–22 207, 209 Hubble Space Telescope, 262 conventions used in the Hubble Space Telescope, 218 book, 2 Intelsat VI, 260, 263 International Space Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr. John Glenn, 100 Station, 276 (astronaut) Kibo Lab, 279 Kibo Lab, 279 Gemini 5 mission, 102 Shuttle-Mir program, 213 Shuttle Radar Topography Project Mercury, 96, 98 Ulysses spacecraft, launch Mission, 221 Copernicus, Nicolaus of, 218 198, 201, 206 (astronomer), 22–23 Enterprise, Discovery Program, 226 entertainment, improved, 350 cosmonauts, training for, Dobrovolski, Georgi Eris, 30 55. See also specifi c (cosmonaut), 71, 179 Europa (moon of Jupiter), 174, cosmonauts docking in space 248, 249, 334–335, 337 Cosmos 419 mission (Mars Project Gemini, 104–106 Europa Jupiter System 1971C), 158 Soyuz 11 mission, 71 Mission, 306–307 Cosmos 557 mission, 180 drag with rocket liftoff, 39 European Space Agency (ESA) Cosmos I, 44 drinking in space, 57–58 BepiColumbo mission, 312 COSTAR mirror, 262 Duke, Charles, Jr. (astronaut), Cassini-Huygens mission, 250 crew members of space 146, 147, 148 Hubble Space Telescope, missions, 55–57 dwarf planets, 30 216, 260 Crippen, Robert (astronaut), 207, 208 354 Space Exploration For Dummies European Space Agency 433 Eros (asteroid), 241, 242 Glenn, John, Jr. (astronaut) (ESA) (continued) France, 91 chimpanzee astronaut James Webb Space Freedom 7, 98, 99 preceding, 92 Telescope, 271 Friendship 7, 98, 100 Discovery, 100 Mars Express mission, 287 frontier, and space fi rst spacefl ight, 12 SMART-1, 302 exploration, 324 Project Mercury, 96, 98, 100 Titan Saturn System fuel cells, 104 Goddard, Robert (rocket Mission, 307 fuel tanks, 37, 38 scientist), 34, 35 Venus Express mission, Funk, Wally (Mercury 13), 99 Goldin, Daniel (NASA 240, 334 administrator), 316 Evans, Ronald (astronaut), 150 Gorbachev, Mikhail (Soviet Event Horizon (movie), 340 • G • Premier), 84 Gordon, Richard F. (astronaut) exercising in space, 60–61 Gagarin, Yuri (cosmonaut), 12, Apollo 12, 138 expedition, explained, 280 94, 99–100, 120 Gemini 11 mission, 103 Explorer 1 galaxies, 32, 269 gravitational slingshot,
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