Bulletin of the IV World Congress of the Communist International

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bulletin of the IV World Congress of the Communist International - WORKERS OF THE WORLD. UNITE! LLETIN fTHE IV CCKERESS DF THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL Moscow. December 2nd, 1922. Twenty Third Session. November 25th 1922. (evening). Chairmen: Comrade Markhlevsky. Contents: on co-speration. Comrade Meshteriskoff.— Report Draft resolution on report on co-operation. Speakers: Meshteriskoff, Lauridan, Henriet, Khintchnk. opened 7. 10 P. Session M. "co-operative sector", but this process devel- oped with extreme slowness. On the other r I G hair m a n M n k h e v s k y : I declare band, parallel with this endosmosis there ssi ii open. 1 call on Comrade Meshte- developed an endosmos, a diffusion in another to report on co operation. direction. The deeply rooted opportunist M c s h t e r i s k o ft: Measured not by the ideas penetrated from the co-operative sector mor and discipline of its organisation but into 'the other part of the working-man's ic of its , i number members ho co opera- head and contaminated^ it with opportunism. ovemonl represents one of the strong- Up to the present co-operatives were a rm of I ho labour moveinent purely economic organisation, the ywere nev- ll is no exaggeration to slate that the co- er a militant organ of the proletariat. Ther- op-rative organisation has tons of millions of efore, the co-ope atives did not attract the Billion of members throughout the world. attention of the revolutionary members of flic co-operative is not merely a movement the working class who always preferred the posp members comhin • IV >m time to time for militant and exciting work in the political Baking necossary purchases in common, it is parties and in the trade union organisations. I organisation which endeavours to create This was used to the best advantage by ideology, flown to permeate all its work social-traitors of all types and descriptions. l,iV ideology, ami to inculcate it into the Meeting no resistance on the part of the re- ta members The view persistent- volutionary elements, they created for them- ' ! by (he old leaders of the CO- selves extremely powerful positions in the ,lUl ' "' 'vement, i e„ that the co-opera- co operatives and gained an undivided control k| (l bo >"' third form labour over their funds. They also utilised this for- m,, of the !l! " entirely independent from the two tress for poisoning the class consciousness of /'"^d bo Party and Trade Union orga- the proletariat bti the poison gas of their s > t^'dd t () ,,,,,,,, hl th „ mhld f opportunist social-traitorous ideology. They co op<operator a spe ial co-opera- were aide to reach with their propaganda | £™flomain wher< in the old co-opera tens of millions of workers. ' ; ,,, s ,' nii ''<) All this goes to show how important i"a', '!| supreme. 67 course', no l | M,ll!,] »itl! n be was for the revolutionary organisations to s divided by impenetrable ill . , o( enthvjy separa'e compartments. dislodge the old loaders of the co-operatives L' Ijtoi as their last refuge and to capture thi ,:il Of (ho revolutionary struggle from «i Hi,,,- w right «y even into this secluded fortress of the extreme opportunists. 1 . , BULLETIN OF THE JV_CONGRESS OF THE COMMUNIST_JN^ of organisation the development Russian revolution form theses growth and of new staff experience of the rtP of the entire revolutionary The the communist co-operatives ieS in the co-operatives, proletarian what colossal difficulties should irv ideas lovemen has shown clearly %\P of the country. Une feeding communist nu lei which shrndd volu admitted by all the of the most organisation of public lu^M tc unanimously tundainental aSe in the organisations principles of the revolutionary the district and also li the Communist parties of commodities, m case J' J %4 "T« that co-operative and exchange of the entire should be the closest contact of having and that movement a!1 dcieg devoted very little attention power without be ho 1 F Eurotie at tonus proMa at "captures ? of the revolutionary labour the the co-operative section of operative movement and to the move- control over the Coil ment their Preliminarily S^d M^co subordination to one centre, This section was instructed {0 ^ Communists in the co operatives. to con "H of anted action 1 and the co-operatives. ' 6 hegonomy of the First International Conference "'" ff0r reluctantly devoted space to uom- of Cot? f papers munist Party over the proletariat is ntI purty all the various forms of Under such conditions Co-operatives.-opera »% tionSi In many countries the reso- uie this proletarian organisations on the struggle for thcse Congress of the will secure compelled to carry In compliance with this nf the Third Comin- forces should instruction at a time when all its organisation ot communist nu.-lei position first international conference of intoZ-* Ton the owing to the alienation the retention of political has not been of the Party from be concentrated on cooperators conven d in Moscow 1 co operatives carried he Communist so- on Nm?! L the co-operators and vice the organisation of the new have not appointed comra- versa power and 1.1922. At this conference 36 The parties the movement of that the co- delegates! the revolutionary co-opera- it is imperative on work in the co-operati- tivs ciety, when resenting 20 countries wore ?c for carrying is developing per- present. DefeS unsatisfactorily in France, should immediately begin to little has been done by our operatives with voting power repres ntcd Russia, and very ihe Party Ukrjf yes has failed to render us the useful functions at the command gain control over them. The Com- form their ; a, Azerbeidjan, Armenia, s to assistance which con- Georg The e we expected of it",—says proletarian government. The ' did not endeavour to enlist the new r t Parties the report. of Eastern Republic, Germany, i S This is achie- France, nn why our influence has co operatives cannot be quest of the Switzerland, been less than it should during a be. blow. II is impossible ved at one The less attention the clean up Denma party pays to the period of time to thoroughly work brief nia, in the co-operative movement, the more co-operatives. Many swamp of the old diffused it the Angh will be and the more ditlicult remain for a the important co-operatives will it be of the co operative section oi me UoraiiM to co-ordinate it. In this respect, old co-opera- time in the hands of the l( ;'ioralivcs. Hence great confusion France offers Jong Of the coutrios with a larg a sad example. This is what enemies of the proletariat who «-uled among our comrades in the co-ope- we read, tives—the movement Czcehu SI .vakia and Heidi;- Jail-l for instance, in one of the letters organisation of ll1 ,rt uio (>,i a li work, and the l'- >' ltionu obli- oi the .' our sabotage >- ! French comrades. n)not represented. There was also no >v . ' * , \f" of commodit- , I raHmu' a is members to join the Ceding and of exchange r | eo-opera-c "At the public representative from Lngland co-operative congresses we witnes- inefficiently This arouses , and to work in Hum, lint this ies is carried on resolu- sed the following sad spectacle: as soon as conference runlinued for G masses bnt weakens The lion remained only oii paper. the resentment of 1he According to a communist comrade raised his voice aga- , ,. sess • two tj 1 holdim.' gover- v 1 r I St. — Oth., questionnaire, "the majority the power of the new revolutionary \ of "the inst the report of the reformists, some other day. Bibora Ihe Conmu.ni.si nement of Party are not member of the party got up and demanded the conference ts of the co The i of op.u-alives". "Only the (to the great delight of our Communist International is fully aware opponents) a The mist working lows: men belong to the co- vote of confidence in the leaders of the co- of the importance of the co-operatives. At in's" -is anolher dele fates. answer to the nuostion- operative movement. Thus it happened that . of the Comintern held i Seating the Third Congress of nire. delegates on most of the arguments against the statement during the summer of 1921 the question of 2. Reports by the N hhon again: "The communist party of the from ii communist came of I members OO-operalive in ivome the cooperatives was placed on the agenda Of fche Ullls far failed to a lopl a definite alii- our party. At every opportune moment the theses presen- and on the and the Congress adopted the fcive countries towards I the tendencies arising among reformists, inspired by the desire to split the co o| e al v&s. ted by the speaker on this question, Communists In ^-operators , affiliated to the Party". and weaken the communist party, pointed operation. chiefly dealt with the work which ;>,. and Co ''"''y llil1 These theses Communism I not 'exert any influence upon with glee to the differences of opinion existing carry in the co-opera- communist should on 4. Tactical questions. ^•operatives and did not endoavour to among us". question of tactics and of organi- t(l0 tives. The questions. control of this movement into its The communist parties must everywhere 5. Organisational i|t '- lho sation was dealt with only very g nerally. Communisl Party,- the answer devote the greatest attention to the co-oper- f.le tlons. 6. lt -rondora The theses mainly conveyed the idea that the no aid to the committee ative movement, otherwise the lack of disc- doiega,-ales bl of The reports ol the st co-operatives should cease to he "the third g™ co-operators.
Recommended publications
  • Socialist Planning
    Socialist Planning Socialist planning played an enormous role in the economic and political history of the twentieth century. Beginning in the USSR it spread round the world. It influenced economic institutions and economic policy in countries as varied as Bulgaria, USA, China, Japan, India, Poland and France. How did it work? What were its weaknesses and strengths? What is its legacy for the twenty-first century? Now in its third edition, this textbook is fully updated to cover the findings of the period since the collapse of the USSR. It provides an overview of socialist planning, explains the underlying theory and its limitations, looks at its implementation in various sectors of the economy, and places developments in their historical context. A new chap- ter analyses how planning worked in the defence–industry complex. This book is an ideal text for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in comparative economic systems and twentieth-century economic history. michael ellman is Emeritus Professor in the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. He is the author, co- author and editor of numerous books and articles on the Soviet and Russian economies, on transition economics, and on Soviet economic and political history. In 1998, he was awarded the Kondratieff prize for his ‘contributions to the development of the social sciences’. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.122.253.212 on Sat Jan 10 18:08:28 GMT 2015. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139871341 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2015 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.122.253.212 on Sat Jan 10 18:08:28 GMT 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • DSA's Options and the Socialist International DSA Internationalism
    DSA’s Options and the Socialist International DSA Internationalism Committee April 2017 At the last national convention DSA committed itself to holding an organizational discussion on its relationship to the Socialist International leading up to the 2017 convention. The structure of this mandatory discussion was left to DSA’s internationalism committee. The following sheet contains information on the Socialist International, DSA’s involvement with it, the options facing DSA, and arguments in favor of downgrading to observer status and withdrawing completely. A. History of the Socialist International and DSA The Socialist International (SI) has its political and intellectual origins in the nineteenth century socialist movement. Its predecessors were the First International (1864-1876), of ​ ​ which Karl Marx was a leader, and the Second International (1889-1916). In the period of ​ the Second International, the great socialist parties of Europe (particularly the British Labour Party, German Social Democratic Party, and the French Section of the Workers International) formed and became major electoral forces in their countries, advancing ideologies heavily influenced by Marx and political programs calling for the abolition of capitalism and the creation of new systems of worker democracy. The Second International collapsed when nearly all of its member parties, breaking their promise not to go to war against other working people, rallied to their respective governments in the First World War. The Socialist Party of America (SPA)—DSA’s predecessor—was one of the very few member parties to oppose the war. Many of the factions that opposed the war and supported the Bolshevik Revolution came together to form the Communist International in 1919, which over the course of the 1920s became dominated by Moscow and by the 1930s had become a tool of Soviet foreign policy and a purveyor of Stalinist orthodoxy.
    [Show full text]
  • Marxism Since the Communist Manifesto
    University of Central Florida STARS PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements 1-1-1961 Marxism since the Communist manifesto Alfred G. Meyers Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Book is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Meyers, Alfred G., "Marxism since the Communist manifesto" (1961). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements. 22. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/22 MARXISM SINCE THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO Ihe A4mcrim Httorlcal As¶datim, haguae at a eontiriw the teaching of history in the schd d the UzkiW esW&hcd the Wet Center for T&m cif Risary to offa qmWtive dtmce in m1ving some of the ptddum which tala7 beset ,the classraom teacher. me of the p- bdng sponsored by the Service Cmter is the prepiwaticb d a series of pampS1;1tts, each containing a eon& summary d pubkatio~~.@ectbg rt9:etwt research and new inte][prctatirms in a particular fidd d history. Prompted by an awarmea of the fact that the avaage 9condsry ~dmo1teacher has neither the time nor the opportunity to keep up with monographic litera- these pamphlets are specifically dt- dgnd to make available to the cl-m instructor a summary of pertinent trends aqd devdopments in historical study. Our aim is, in short, to help the teachem Up ems selves by keeping up to date in thdr fields d hiterest.
    [Show full text]
  • The Communist International, the Soviet Union,And Their Impact on the Latin America Workers’ Movement
    The Communist International, the Soviet Union,and their impact on the Latin America Workers’ Movement DAN LA BOTZ Abstract: The Soviet Union and A L the Communist International had an adverse influence on the Latin CONTRA American workers’ movement, ), 1957-1964. continually diverting it fighting for UCIÓN L a democratic socialist society. They ALHE T REVO A DE subordinated the workers’ movements L ( to the interests of the Soviet . Union’s ruling class, the Communist IQUEIROS PORFIRIANA bureaucracy. At one moment, they led S the workers’ movement in disastrous ARO F L uprisings, while in a subsequent era A they encouraged it to build alliances DICTADURA AVID with capitalist and imperialist power. D Keywords: Soviet Union. Communist International. Communist Parties. Cuba. Workers Movement. A Internacional Comunista, a União Soviética e seu impacto no movimento de trabalhadores da América Latina Resumo: A União Soviética e a Internacional Comunista tiveram uma influência adversa no movimento latino-americano de trabalhadores, frequentemente, distraindo-o de sua luta por uma sociedade socialista democrática. Ambas subordinaram os movimentos de trabalhadores aos interesses da classe dominante na União Soviética, a burocracia comunista. Em um momento, dirigiram o movimento de trabalhadores para levantes desastrosos, DAN LA BOTZ enquanto em um período subsequente encorajaram-no a fazer alianças com Ph.D in American history and poderes capitalistas e imperialistas. professor at the Murphy Institute, the Palavras-chaves: União Soviética. labor school of the City University Internacional Comunista. Partidos of New York. He is the author of ten Comunistas. Cuba. Movimento de books on labor, social movements, Trabalhadores. and politics in the United States, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    MAOISM-ITS ORIGINS, BACKGROUND, AND OUTLOOK Isaac Deutscher WHAT does Maoism stand for? What does it represent as a political idea and as a current in contemporary communism? The need to clarify these questions has become all the more urgent because Maoism is now openly competing with other communist schools of thought for inter- national recognition. Yet before entering this competition Maoism had existed as a current, and then as the dominant trend, of Chinese communism for thirty to thirty-five years. It is under its banner that the main forces of the Chinese revolution waged the most protracted civil war in modern history; and that they won their victory in 1949, making the greatest single breach in world capitalism since the October Revolu- tion, and freeing the Soviet Union from isolation. It is hardly surprising that Maoism should at last advance politically beyond its national . boundaries and claim world-wide attention to its ideas. What is surprising is that it has not done so earlier and that it has for so long remained closed within the confines of its national experience. Maoism presents in this respect a striking contrast with Leninism. The latter also existed at first as a purely Russian school of thought; but not for long. In 1915, after the collapse of the Second International, Lenin was already the central figure in the movement for the Third International, its initiator and inspirer-Bolshevism, as a faction in the Russian Social Democratic Party, was not much older then than a decade. Before that the Bolsheviks, like other Russian socialists, had lived intensely with all the problems of international Marxism, absorbed all its experience, participated in all its controversies, and felt bound to it with unbreakable ties of intellectual, moral, and political solidarity.
    [Show full text]
  • Yugoslav Ideology and Its Importance to the Soviet Bloc: an Analysis
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1967 Yugoslav Ideology and Its Importance to the Soviet Bloc: An Analysis Christine Deichsel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Deichsel, Christine, "Yugoslav Ideology and Its Importance to the Soviet Bloc: An Analysis" (1967). Master's Theses. 3240. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3240 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. YUGOSLAV IDEOLOGY AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE SOVIET BLOC: AN ANALYSIS by Christine Deichsel A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo., Michigan April 1967 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In writing this thesis I have benefited from the advice and encouragement of Professors George Klein and William A. Ritchie. My thanks go to them and the other members of my Committee, namely Professors Richard J. Richardson and Alan Isaak. Furthermore, I wish to ex­ press my appreciation to all the others at Western Michi­ gan University who have given me much needed help and encouragement. The award of an assistantship and the intellectual guidance and stimulation from the faculty of the Department of Political Science have made my graduate work both a valuable experience and a pleasure.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Foreign Policy During the Maoist Era and Its Lessons for Today
    Chinese Foreign Policy during the Maoist Era and its Lessons for Today by the MLM Revolutionary Study Group in the U.S. (January 2007) “U.S. Imperialism Get Out of Asia, Africa and Latin America!” 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction p. 3 A. The Chinese Revolution and its Internationalist Practice— p. 5 Korea and Vietnam B. The Development of Neocolonialism and the Bandung Period p. 7 C. Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party Launch the p. 11 Struggle against Soviet Revisionism D. Maoist Revolutionaries Break with Soviet Revisionism-- p. 15 India, the Philippines, Turkey, Nepal, Latin America and the U.S. E. Support for National Liberation Movements in Asia, Africa p. 21 and the Middle East in the 1960s F. Chinese Foreign Policy in the 1970s p. 27 G. The Response of the New Communist Movement in the U.S. p. 35 H. Some Lessons for Today p. 37 2 Introduction Our starting point is that the struggle for socialism and communism are part of a worldwide revolutionary process that develops in an uneven manner. Revolutions are fought and new socialist states are established country by country. These states must defend themselves; socialist countries have had to devote significant resources to defending themselves from political isolation, economic strangulation and military attack. And they must stay on the socialist road by reinvigorating the revolutionary process and unleashing the political initiative of the masses of working people in all areas of society.1 However, socialist countries cannot be seen as ends in and of themselves. They are not secure as long as imperialism and capitalism exist anywhere in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise and Fall of Communism
    The Rise and Fall of Communism archie brown To Susan and Alex, Douglas and Tamara and to my grandchildren Isobel and Martha, Nikolas and Alina Contents Maps vii A Note on Names viii Glossary and Abbreviations x Introduction 1 part one: Origins and Development 1. The Idea of Communism 9 2. Communism and Socialism – the Early Years 26 3. The Russian Revolutions and Civil War 40 4. ‘Building Socialism’: Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–40 56 5. International Communism between the Two World Wars 78 6. What Do We Mean by a Communist System? 101 part two: Communism Ascendant 7. The Appeals of Communism 117 8. Communism and the Second World War 135 9. The Communist Takeovers in Europe – Indigenous Paths 148 10. The Communist Takeovers in Europe – Soviet Impositions 161 11. The Communists Take Power in China 179 12. Post-War Stalinism and the Break with Yugoslavia 194 part three: Surviving without Stalin 13. Khrushchev and the Twentieth Party Congress 227 14. Zig-zags on the Road to ‘communism’ 244 15. Revisionism and Revolution in Eastern Europe 267 16. Cuba: A Caribbean Communist State 293 17. China: From the ‘Hundred Flowers’ to ‘Cultural Revolution’ 313 18. Communism in Asia and Africa 332 19. The ‘Prague Spring’ 368 20. ‘The Era of Stagnation’: The Soviet Union under Brezhnev 398 part four: Pluralizing Pressures 21. The Challenge from Poland: John Paul II, Lech Wałesa, and the Rise of Solidarity 421 22. Reform in China: Deng Xiaoping and After 438 23. The Challenge of the West 459 part five: Interpreting the Fall of Communism 24.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study in the Formation of Communist Thought in India, 1919-1951
    A Study in the Formation of Communist Thought in India, 1919-1951 Submitted to the Faculty of History in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Faculty of History, University of Cambridge By Ammar Ali Jan (Wolfson College) Supervised by Dr. Shruti Kapila Lahore, Pakistan January 2018 1 A Study in the Formation of Communist Thought in India, 1919-1951 By Ammar Ali Jan (Wolfson College) Summary Despite having roots in 19th century Europe, Marxism had a deep impact on the trajectory of political ideas in the non-European world in the twentieth century. In particular, anti-colonial thinkers engaged productively with Marx’s ideas as part of their struggle against Empire. Yet, little attention has been paid to the displacements and innovations in political thought as a result of this encounter between anti-colonialism and Marxism. This dissertation aims to fill this gap by studying the history of Indian communism, focusing on the first three decades of the communist movement (1921-1950). I claim that this is an ideal time period to interrogate the formation of political ideas in India, since they presented themselves with particular intensity in the midst of an unfolding anti-colonial struggle, and arguably, the birth of the Indian political. The entry of communist ideas into the charged political environment of the 1920s had an impact on the ideological debates within the Indian polity, as well as stamping Indian communism with its own specific historicity. Through a tracing of debates among communist leaders, as well as their non-communist interlocutors, this work seeks to provide a novel lens to consider the relationship between ideas and their historical actualization, or between the universal and its instantiation in the particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Syndicalism and the Influence of Anarchism in France, Italy and Spain Darlington, RR
    Syndicalism and the influence of anarchism in France, Italy and Spain Darlington, RR Title Syndicalism and the influence of anarchism in France, Italy and Spain Authors Darlington, RR Type Article URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/10096/ Published Date 2009 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. Syndicalism and the Influence of Anarchism in France, Italy and Spain Ralph Darlington, Salford Business School, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT Phone: 0161-295-5456 Email: [email protected] Abstract Following the Leninist line, a commonly held assumption is that anarchism as a revolutionary movement tends to emerge in politically, socially and economically underdeveloped regions and that its appeal lies with the economically marginalised lumpenproletariat and landless peasantry. This article critically explores this assumption through a comparative analysis of the development and influence of anarchist ideology and organisation in syndicalist movements in France, Spain and Italy and its legacy in discourses surrounding the nature of political authority and accountability. Keywords: syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism, revolution, unionism, France, Spain, Italy. Introduction Many historians have emphasised the extent to which revolutionary syndicalism was indebted to anarchist philosophy in general and to Bakunin in particular, with some - 1 - even using the term ‘anarcho-syndicalism’ to describe the movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Excerpted from THE ETHNIC AVANT-GARDE by Steven S. Lee Copyright (c) 2015 Columbia University Press Used by arrangement with the publisher. All rights reserved. Introduction his is a book about minorities drawn to Soviet communism and the avant-garde. The initial focus is the 1920s and early 1930s Tand the allure of Moscow for the world’s downtrodden and op- pressed. The Bolsheviks, it seemed, had eliminated racism in the USSR while supporting anti-imperial struggles around the world. At roughly the same time, a loose grouping of artists and writers sympathetic to the revolution—retrospectively labeled the Soviet avant-garde—emerged at the forefront of modernist experimentation. Through such distinct but overlapping movements as futurism and constructivism, they enacted an unprecedented alignment of political and artistic vanguards—the artist as bona fide revolutionary. I am linking here two phenomena that have each been thoroughly stud- ied but rarely in tandem: the Soviet Union of the interwar years as a site of cultural innovation and the Soviet Union as a beacon of racial, ethnic, and national equality. These two sources of allure help to explain what, in hindsight, might seem strange: that the USSR of the 1920s and early 1930s had a magical, even religious significance for many minority and non- Western artists and writers. For reasons discussed in the following, my fo- cus is primarily (though not exclusively) on those from the United States. The Jamaican American poet Claude McKay described his 1922 journey to Moscow as a “magic pilgrimage.” Likewise, the Jewish American poet lee-17352_cl.indb 1 8/24/15 10:27 AM Excerpted from THE ETHNIC AVANT-GARDE by Steven S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sucala, Voicu Ion (2018) Inside the Romanian Communist Economy: State Planning, Factory and Manager
    Sucala, Voicu Ion (2018) Inside the Romanian communist economy: state planning, factory and manager. PhD thesis. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/30636/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Inside the Romanian Communist Economy: State Planning, Factory and Manager Voicu Ion Sucală Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Social & Political Sciences, College of Social Sciences University of Glasgow February 2018 Abstract The aim of this research was to examine the main organisational and social characteristics of the Romanian industrial enterprise under communist rule. The research explored the complex relations between state planning bodies, enterprises, and the managers. The research’s approach was multi-disciplinary drawing on industrial management, economics, organisation studies sociology, and political science. The research had also a consistent trans-disciplinary character because it aimed to create an over-arching perspective on Romanian industrialisation process. The approach employed in this study was the one labelled by Burrell & Morgan interpretivist. This means that author’s set of assumptions over society and social research lies on the subjective side of the philosophy of science dimension, and is characterised by an integrationist view over society.
    [Show full text]