PBS Strategy for Using Historic Buildings
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PBS Strategy for Using Historic Buildings U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE Held in Public Trust sets out a comprehensive historic preservation strategy for the Public Buildings Service of the United States General Services Administration. Although in part it is an update of the 1979 report by Administrator Solomon’s Task Force on Historic Preservation, it examines GSA’s significant stewardship responsibilities in a new light—one that integrates them better into the agency’s businesslike approach to providing and maintaining Federal workspace. Included are suggestions for better managing GSA’s historic assets to insure their viability and attractiveness within our funding limitations, for being more aggressive in seeking out private historic leaseholds, reaching out to work hand-in-hand with organizations and agencies across the country to ensure livable communities, and—among other things—understanding the value of careful and appropriate daily maintenance and repair of historic properties to guarantee a uniform and inviting first impression of GSA facilities. The report includes many examples of solutions to frequently encountered challenges and best preservation practices developed by GSA regions, other agencies, other countries, and the private sector. These strategies will help GSA put the American government’s architectural treasures to 21st century use while stretching the dollars available to renovate historic courthouses, custom houses, border stations, and other Federal buildings. We must all embrace these initiatives to use historic buildings imaginatively and sensibly. This report is just one of many steps GSA is taking to ensure that historic buildings remain a vital part of our inventory and day to day business. ROBERT A. PECK, COMMISSIONER PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE 1 Preface In February, 1999, The Historic Buildings and the Arts Center of Expertise was invited to update a report prepared by General Services Administration (GSA) Administrator Jay Solomon’s 1979 Task Force on Historic Preservation. The Solomon Report, as it has come to be called, was GSA’s first substantive effort to reflect on the agency’s stewardship role and preservation practice. Two decades later, a new report is being undertaken to reexamine GSA’s preservation goals and strategies in light of today’s economic, political, social, and cultural climate. Much has happened in the fields of preservation, architecture, urban planning and real property management since 1979. Preservation has come of age as a profession supported by a multidisciplinary, international network of technical and advocacy organizations bound by a common value. Post modernism and contextual design have arisen as moderating alternatives to the dehumanizing aspects of modernism and the trite revival of past styles. New technical interest groups have formed to support the preservation of modernist architecture and 20th century materials such as reinforced concrete, stone veneer, plastic laminates, and modern alloys. Urban renewal has been supplanted by Main Street revitalization and Business Improvement Districts that support reinvestment in historic buildings and urban infrastructure. Federal agencies are learning to do more with less. A shift in emphasis from expense-based facilities management to return-on-investment-based asset management has broadened GSA’s traditional engineer ing focus and increased the accountability of facilities management teams. We are using cutting edge software to objectively balance economic and social goals in capital investment decisions. We are also aware of the limitations of quantitative decision-making tools. Our Public Buildings Heritage program and Planning with Communities initiative seek to broaden GSA employee and customer appreciation of our profound opportunity to lead the nation in urban reinvestment and public building stewardship. Welcoming this opportunity, we recast GSA’s stewardship strategy. We are grateful to the many firms and individuals who have contributed to the comprehensiveness and depth of this effort. We apologize for any participants overlooked in the list of contributors provided at the end of the report. Special thanks are due to Rolando Rivas-Camp, Director of the Historic Buildings 2 and the Arts Center of Expertise, for his support of this research and creative ideas on presentation; to Joan Brierton and Hellie Snyder, of the Center, for invaluable editorial assistance, the bibliography, and coordination of illustrations and other details; to Andrea Mones, NCR Regional Historic Preservation Officer, for insightful advice on structure and for conceiving many of the innovations described in the report; to Don Horn, co-creator and manager of the BPP program, for his extraordinary knowledge of GSA’s nationwide inventory and databases; to Connie Ramirez, for generously providing Cultural, Environmental and Accessibility (CEA) Program research and case studies; to Claire Crerar and Brad Wolf of the CEA Program, for exceptional responsiveness to frequent requests for statistics, program data, and images. We are also indebted to Sheldon Kravitz, Michael Vaughn, Stan Kaczmarczyk, Curt Smith, and Ivan Swain, for their invaluable perspectives on PBS capital investment and portfolio management initiatives; to Jim Bergdahl, for sharing his extensive knowledge of courts projects and concerns; to virtual Center members Kyle Brooks and Steve Kline, for contributing precedent-setting case studies and photographs; to all Regional Historic Preservation Officers, for participating in group discussions about PBS steward ship, scrutinizing the report drafts, and gathering information for the report; to Dottie Washington, Adrienne Coleman, and Marty Shore, for case histories on private fundraising efforts; to Marilyn Kaplan, Preservation Architecture, and Jack Watts, Fire Safety Institute, for the latest research on historic building codes; and to Tom McGrath and Imogene Bevitt, National Park Service, and Andrew Powter and Natalie Bull, Public Works Canada, for sharing the National Park Service and Heritage Canada training models. We invite your continued participation in the stewardship initiatives outlined in this report. We remain interested in innovative practices and model case studies that contribute to these goals. Send comments and questions through our website at www.gsa.gov/historicpreservation or to Caroline Alderson, GSA Historic Buildings and the Arts Center of Expertise (PNH), 1800 F Street, NW, Washington, DC 20405. CAROLINE ALDERSON HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND THE ARTS CENTER OF EXPERTISE 3 Contents 2 Maintaining a Stewardship Outlook 16 Within Fiscal Constraints 2.1. Stewardship Priorities from a Portfolio Perspective 16 2.1.1. Relative Cultural Significance Historic Quality Index (HQI) A Message From The Commissioner 1 2.1.2. Financial Performance Preface 2 Revenue Producers Contents 4 Vulnerable Tenancies Executive Summary 6 2.1.3. Strategic Focus Outstanding Architectural Significance Vulnerable Building Type 1 Introduction 8 Urban Location Adaptable Building Type and Scale 1.1. Objectives of this Report 8 2.2. Viability Challenges and Solutions 18 1.2. Background 8 2.2.1. Increased Tenant Requirements 1.2.1. Public Building Legacy 2.2.2. Safety and Seismic Code Compliance 1.2.2. PBS Preservation Policy – Legislative Intent Historic Sites, Buildings, and Antiquities Act of 1935 2.2.3. Insufficient Size to Merit Capital Investment Required National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 2.3. Reinvestment Decision Process 20 Executive Order 11593 2.3.1. Cultural Reinvestment Team (CART) Decision Tree Public Buildings Cooperative Use Act 2.3.2. Decision Criteria for Capital Investment Executive Order 13006 2.3.3. Multi-Asset Portfolio Planning Analysis 1.2.3. Administrator Solomon’s 1979 Task Force on Historic Preservation 2.3.4. Decision Criteria for Repair and Alteration Report Recommendations 2.4. Reinvestment Strategies to Promote Historic Building Viability 21 1.2.4. PBS Accomplishments Since 1979 2.4.1. National Performance Review and Business Process Reengineering 1.3. A Strategy Based on Stewardship Values 12 2.4.2. Go-Team on Strategic Finance 1.3.1 Urgency 2.4.3. Reducing Repair and Alteration Costs Troubled Assets Scope Cutting Pending Disposals Performance-Based Code Compliance 1.3.2. Philosophy for Reinvestment Emphasis on Cyclical Maintenance over Recurring Repair PBS Values NRC Study on Federal Facilities Policy of Preference 2.4.4. Public-Private Partnerships 1.3.3. Benefits Private Investment and Continued Federal Use Reuse Potential Private Investment and Non-Federal Use (Outleasing) Carnegie Mellon Study on Re-Valuing Buildings 2.4.5. Disposal Operating Costs Public Image 4 4.5. Community Outreach and Pubic Education 48 3 Satisfying Customers in an 32 Urban Preservation Framework 4.5.1. Public Buildings Heritage Program 4.5.2. GSA Brand Brochures 3.1. Promoting Use of GSA Historic Building Inventory 4.5.3. GSA Visibility in Professional Conferences and Advocacy Venues Over Leasing and New Construction 32 4.5.4. Linking Capital Investment, Public Education, and Marketing 3.2. Lease Acquistion 33 4.5.5. Education and Outreach: Do They Compete with Maintenance? 3.2.1. Limitations of the 10% Preference for Historic Buildings 4.5.6. Proactively Marketing What We Do Well: Tours, the Web, 3.2.2. Overcoming Obstacles to Leasing Historic Buildings and New Initiatives Interpreting Tenant Requirements Flexibly Marketing and Negotiating Strategies 5 Conclusion 50 3.3. Security