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Chronologie 2011 www.reiner-bernstein.de 1 – Chronologie 2011 Chronologie 2011 Dezember 2011 31.12.2011: US-Präsident Barack Obama unterzeichnet in Washington ein Gesetz, wonach ausländische Banken von einer Geschäftstätigkeit in den USA ausgeschlossen werden können, wenn sie weiterhin mit der iranischen Zentralbank und anderen iranischen Banken zusammenarbeiten oder dies ermöglichen. 29.12.2011: Die ägyptischen Behörden schließen die Büros von 17 ausländischen NGO’s in Kairo, darunter das der Konrad- Adenauer-Stiftung. Begründet wird die Maßnahme mit der Finanzierung ihrer Arbeit durch das Ausland als „Einmischung in die inneren Angelegenheiten“ des Landes, und der fehlenden Genehmigung ihrer Arbeit. Das Auswärtige Amt in Berlin bestellt den ägyptischen Botschafter ein. Der Leiter der Konrad- Adenauer-Stiftung Andreas Jacobs wird am 02. Januar 2012 zum Rapport bei der Staatsanwaltschaft in Kairo vorgeladen. Am 03. Januar 2012 nimmt das Büro sein Arbeit vorübergehend wieder auf. Der Präsident der Stiftung, der frühere Präsident des Europäischen Parlaments Hans-Gert Pöttering bezeichnet die Schließung als „völlig unverständlich“. In der „Berliner Erklärung“ war im August vereinbart worden, „dass Deutschland Ägypten beim Aufbau demokratischer Institutionen helfen“ solle. In einem Gastbeitrag für die „Süddeutschen Zeitung“ klagt der frühere israelische Botschafter in Pretoria Alon Liel darüber, dass – wie einst in Südafrika – der Knesset zwei Gesetzentwürfe mit dem www.reiner-bernstein.de 2 – Chronologie 2011 Ziel vorliegen, die Finanzierung durch auswärtige Mittel von NGO’s und deren Arbeit einzuschränken i. Die USA schließen mit Saudi-Arabien einen Vertrag über die Lieferung von insgesamt 154 F-15-Kampfjets im Wert von 30 Milliarden US-Dollar ab. 28.12.2011: „Haaretz“ berichtet, dass der Oberste Gerichtshof unter Vorsitz seiner Präsidentin Dorit Beinisch eine Klage der Gruppe „Yesh Din (Es gibt ein Recht)“ zurückgewiesen hat. Danach darf der Staat die zehn in der Westbank liegenden Steinbrüche, die 25 Prozent des für Bauten bestimmten Materials nach Israel liefern, gemäß der Interimsvereinbarung von 1995 („Oslo II“) bis zu einem Endstatus- Vertrag weiter ausbeuten. „Yesh Din“ habe argumentiert, dass die Nutzung gemäß der IV. Genfer Konvention das internationale Recht verletze. Das Gericht habe begrüßt, dass der Staat keine weiteren Steinbrüche ausbeuten werde ii . Gemäß der Meinungsumfrage vom Dezember des „Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace“ an der Hebräischen Universität in Jerusalem und des „Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research“ in Ramallah in Zusammenarbeit mit der „Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung“ haben sich 58 Prozent der jüdischen Israelis und 50 Prozent der Palästinenser in Ost-Jerusalem, der Westbank und im Gazastreifen für einen Endstatus-Vertrag gemäß den „Clinton- Parametern“ vom Dezember 2000 iii und der „Genfer Initiative“ vom Dezember 2003 ausgesprochen. Allerdings würden 53 Prozent der Israelis und 61 Prozent der Palästinenser glauben, dass die andere Seite dieser Vorgabe nicht zustimme. 45 Prozent der Palästinenser befürworten eine Regelung des Flüchtlingsproblems im Einvernehmen mit Israel, 42 Prozent tun www.reiner-bernstein.de 3 – Chronologie 2011 dies unter den israelischen Befragten. Einer Entscheidung über Ost-Jerusalem als künftiger Hauptstadt des Staates Palästina stimmen 40 Prozent der Palästinenser und 38 Prozent der Israelis zu. 52 Prozent der Palästinenser erwarten, dass Palästina im Jahr 2012 UN-Mitglied wird. Nach der Unterbrechung am 23. Oktober wird das Gerichtsverfahren gegen den früheren Staatspräsidenten Ägyptens Hosni Mubarak in Kairo wieder aufgenommen. Nach einem Bericht der „Süddeutschen Zeitung“ hat der jemenitische Staatspräsident Ali Abdullah Salich um ein Aufenthaltsvisum in den USA für eine medizinische Behandlung nachgesucht. 27.12.2011: In Beit Shemesh, wo am 23. Dezember ein achtjähriges Mädchen von einer Gruppe ultraorthodoxer Juden auf dem Weg zur Grundschule drangsaliert worden ist, protestieren Tausende, unter ihnen die Abgeordneten Miri Regev („Likud“) und Amir Peretz (Arbeitspartei) unter dem Schutz eines großen Polizei- und Sicherheitsaufgebots – deren Angehörige als „Nazis“ beschimpft werden, dagegen, dass die Frauen aus dem öffentlichen Blickfeld verbannt werden sollen. Staatspräsident Shimon Peres fordert die israelische Öffentlichkeit auf, sich gegen den religiösen Zwang zu wehren. „Wir kämpfen für das Herz der Nation und um den Kern des Staates“, wird Peres zitiert. Ministerpräsident Benjamin Netanjahu besteht darauf, dass Israel ein demokratischer, westlicher und liberaler Staat ist. Die Vorsitzende der Arbeitspartei Shelly Yachimovich spricht sich gegen Vorschläge aus, die Stadt verwaltungstechnisch zu teilen. Am Abend versammeln sich www.reiner-bernstein.de 4 – Chronologie 2011 mehrere tausend säkulare Israelis in Jerusalem, um gegen die Ultraorthodoxie zu demonstrieren. 26.12.2011: In einem Interview mit der Rundfunkstation „Stimme Palästinas“ empfiehlt die Abgeordnete des palästinensischen Parlaments Hanan Ashrawi der Autonomieregierung, die offizielle Anerkennung Israels zurückzunehmen, wenn alle anderen Optionen einer Regelung scheitern sollten. Ashrawi räumt ein, dass das Thema bislang nicht auf der Tagesordnung der Autonomieregierung steht. Die israelische Zeitung „Yediot Achronot (Letzte Nachrichten)“ fügt hinzu, dass die Empfehlung Ashrawis wenige Tage nach der Ankündigung von Mohamed Shtayyeh, einem Mitglied des Zentralkomitees der PLO, gegenüber der in London erscheinenden Tageszeitung „A- Sharq Al-Awsat (Der Nahe Osten)“ komme, dass – wenn Israel keinen Unterschied zwischen der Ansiedlung auf „Abu Ghneim/Har Homa (Mauerberg)“ im Süden Jerusalems und Tel Aviv mache – es dann für die Palästinenser keinen Unterschied zwischen Yaffa und Ramallah gebe. Die Osloer Verträge seien ungleichgewichtig gewesen, weil die PLO Israel im geographischen Sinne anerkannt, aber Israel Palästina so nicht, sondern als Institution anerkannt habe. „Jetzt verlangen wir eine Anerkennung auf Gegenseitigkeit in den Grenzen von 1967.“ Nach einem Bericht der „Jerusalem Post“ bestätigt Benjamin Netanjahus Sprecher Mark Regev die Asymmetrie, fügt aber hinzu, dass – während Israel die Existenz eines palästinensischen Volkes mit dem Recht auf Selbstbestimmung und einen Staat anerkannt habe –, die palästinensische Führung sich hartnäckig weigere anzuerkennen, dass es ein jüdisches Volk mit einer Bindung an das Land gebe iv . www.reiner-bernstein.de 5 – Chronologie 2011 Bei einem Angriff auf das Innenministerium in Bagdad kommen erneut mindestens sechs Menschen ums Leben, darunter vier Polizisten. 25.12.2011: Bei Angriffen des Militärs sollen in Homs erneut 23 Menschen getötet worden sein. Einen Tag später trifft die erste, aus 50 Personen bestehende Beobachtergruppe der Arabischen Liga in Syrien unter Leitung des 59 Jahre alten sudanesischen Generals Mohamed Al-Dabi ein. Gegen Al-Dabi, den ehemaligen Chef des Geheimdienstes, liegt in Den Haag ein Haftbefehl des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs vor. Die Chancen der Beobachtergruppe werden als gering eingeschätzt, da ihr Mandat beschränkt und die Inspektion militärischer Einrichtungen ausgeschlossen ist, in die die meisten Gefangenen gebracht worden sind. Bei einem Attentat auf den 27 Jahre alten Ferhad Ahma, einen Bezirkspolitiker der „Grünen“ in Berlin, der dem oppositionellen „Sxrischen Nationalrat (SNC)“ angehört, wird der syrische Botschafter Radwan Loutfi ins Auswärtige Amt vorgeladen. 24.12.2011: Die ägyptische Partei „Al-Nour (Das Licht)“ erklärt, dass es am Friedensvertrag mit der „zionistischen Entität“ festhalten wolle, ungeachtet der „Verpflichtungen des arabischen und islamischen Ägyptens, die Rechte der arabischen und islamischen Völker, insbesondere unserer Brüder in Palästina, zu verteidigen und zu unterstützen“. 23.12.2011: www.reiner-bernstein.de 6 – Chronologie 2011 Die syrische Hauptstadt erschüttern zwei Bombenexplosionen von Selbstmordattentätern, bei denen 53 Menschen ums Leben kommen; andere Quellen berichten von 40 bzw. von 44 Toten. Nach offiziellen Angaben soll „Al-Qaeda“ hinter den Anschlägen gegen Einrichtungen des Militärs und der Sicherheitsbehörden stecken. Am Abend verurteilt der UN-Sicherheitsrat die Anschläge scharf. Der Botschafter der Europäischen Union in Israel Andrew Standley protestiert im Namen der 27 EU-Außenminister förmlich im Jerusalemer Auswärtigen Amt gegen die Zerstörung palästinensischer Häuser in der Zone C – sie umfasst rund 60 Prozent der Westbank –, gegen die geplante „Evakuierung“ von 2.500 Beduinen des Jahalin-Stammes aus dem Gebiet an der Straße E1 zwischen Jerusalem und Maaleh Adumim, und gegen den Bau eines neuen jüdischen Viertels „Mevasseret Adumim“ mit dem Ziel, die Freiflächen zwischen Jerusalem und Maaleh Adumim zu schließen. US-Präsident Barack Obama unterzeichnet ein Gesetz, das die Militärhilfe für Israel (trotz der Kürzung im gesamten Militärhaushalt) über die jährlichen drei Milliarden US-Dollar hinaus um zusätzliche 236 Millionen US-Dollar im Haushaltsjahr 2012 für drei Raketenabwehrprogramme – „Arrow-2“, „David’s Sling“ und „Arrow- 3“ – erweitert. Dagegen wird das Hilfsprogramm für die Palästinensische Autonomieregierung mit der Begründung eingefroren, dass es so lange nicht ausgezahlt werden soll, solange sie ihren Antrag auf Mitgliedschaft Palästinas in den Vereinten Nationen aufrechterhält. 22.12.2011: Die „Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung“ berichtet, dass Bundesaußenminister Guido Westerwelle am Vortag ihr gegenüber von der geplanten Aufwertung
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