A History of Community Broadcasting
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TS 101 499 V2.2.1 (2008-07) Technical Specification
ETSI TS 101 499 V2.2.1 (2008-07) Technical Specification Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); MOT SlideShow; User Application Specification European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU·UER 2 ETSI TS 101 499 V2.2.1 (2008-07) Reference RTS/JTC-DAB-57 Keywords audio, broadcasting, DAB, digital, PAD ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. -
Apo-Nid63005.Pdf
AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING TRIBUNAL ANNUAL REPORT 1991-92 Australian Broadcasting Tribunal Sydney 1992 ©Commonwealth of Australia ISSN 0728-8883 Design by Media and Public Relations Branch, Australian Broadcasting Tribunal. Printed in Australia by Pirie Printers Sales Pty Ltd, Fyshwick, A.CT. 11 Contents 1. MEMBERSIDP OF THE TRIBUNAL 1 2. THE YEAR IN REVIEW 7 3. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE TRIBUNAL 13 Responsible Minister 16 4. LICENSING 17 Number and Type of Licences on Issue 19 Grant of Limited Licences 20 Commercial Radio Licence Grant Inquiries 21 Supplementary Radio Grant Inquiries 23 Joined Supplementary /Independent Radio Grant Inquiries 24 Remote Licences 26 Public Radio Licence Grants 26 Renewal of Licences with Conditions or Licensee Undertaking 30 Revocation/Suspension/Conditions Inquiries 32 Allocation of Call Signs 37 5. OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL 39 Applications and Notices Received 41 Most Significant Inquiries 41 Unfinished Inquiries 47 Contraventions Amounting To Offences 49 Licence Transfers 49 Uncompleted Inquiries 50 Operation of Service by Other than Licensee 50 Registered Lender and Loan Interest Inquiries 50 6. PROGRAM AND ADVERTISING STANDARDS 51 Program and Advertising Standards 53 Australian Content 54 Compliance with Australian Content Television Standard 55 Children's Television Standards 55 Compliance with Children's Standards 58 Comments and Complaints 59 Broadcasting of Political Matter 60 Research 61 iii 7. PROGRAMS - PUBLIC INQUIRIES 63 Public Inquiries 65 Classification of Television Programs 65 Foreign Content In Television Advertisements 67 Advertising Time On Television 68 Film And Television Co-productions 70 Australian Documentary Programs 71 Cigarette Advertising During The 1990 Grand Prix 72 Test Market Provisions For Foreign Television Advertisements 72 Public Radio Sponsorship Announcements 73 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 74 John Laws - Comments About Aborigines 75 Anti-Discrimination Standards 75 Accuracy & Fairness in Current Affairs 76 Religious Broadcasts 77 Review of Classification Children's Television Programs 78 8. -
Replacing Digital Terrestrial Television with Internet Protocol?
This is a repository copy of The short future of public broadcasting: Replacing digital terrestrial television with internet protocol?. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/94851/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Ala-Fossi, M and Lax, S orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-1594 (2016) The short future of public broadcasting: Replacing digital terrestrial television with internet protocol? International Communication Gazette, 78 (4). pp. 365-382. ISSN 1748-0485 https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516632171 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ The Short Future of Public Broadcasting: Replacing DTT with IP? Marko Ala-Fossi & Stephen Lax School of Communication, School of Media and Communication Media and Theatre (CMT) University of Leeds 33014 University of Tampere Leeds LS2 9JT Finland UK [email protected] [email protected] Keywords: Public broadcasting, terrestrial television, switch-off, internet protocol, convergence, universal service, data traffic, spectrum scarcity, capacity crunch. -
A Brief History of Radio Broadcasting in Africa
A Brief History of Radio Broadcasting in Africa Radio is by far the dominant and most important mass medium in Africa. Its flexibility, low cost, and oral character meet Africa's situation very well. Yet radio is less developed in Africa than it is anywhere else. There are relatively few radio stations in each of Africa's 53 nations and fewer radio sets per head of population than anywhere else in the world. Radio remains the top medium in terms of the number of people that it reaches. Even though television has shown considerable growth (especially in the 1990s) and despite a widespread liberalization of the press over the same period, radio still outstrips both television and the press in reaching most people on the continent. The main exceptions to this ate in the far south, in South Africa, where television and the press are both very strong, and in the Arab north, where television is now the dominant medium. South of the Sahara and north of the Limpopo River, radio remains dominant at the start of the 21St century. The internet is developing fast, mainly in urban areas, but its growth is slowed considerably by the very low level of development of telephone systems. There is much variation between African countries in access to and use of radio. The weekly reach of radio ranges from about 50 percent of adults in the poorer countries to virtually everyone in the more developed ones. But even in some poor countries the reach of radio can be very high. In Tanzania, for example, nearly nine out of ten adults listen to radio in an average week. -
Digital Audio Broadcasting : Principles and Applications of Digital Radio
Digital Audio Broadcasting Principles and Applications of Digital Radio Second Edition Edited by WOLFGANG HOEG Berlin, Germany and THOMAS LAUTERBACH University of Applied Sciences, Nuernberg, Germany Digital Audio Broadcasting Digital Audio Broadcasting Principles and Applications of Digital Radio Second Edition Edited by WOLFGANG HOEG Berlin, Germany and THOMAS LAUTERBACH University of Applied Sciences, Nuernberg, Germany Copyright ß 2003 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (þ44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (þ44) 1243 770571. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. -
Checklist for Returning to Community Radio Stations
RETURNING TO COMMUNITY RADIO STATIONS - CHECKLIST As the various states and territories progressively lift social distancing requirements, community radio station boards and management committees should consider their roadmap for safe return. Every station will be different – with each returning in the way that is best suited for their situation. Public health remains the most important consideration. Following advice from Federal Government health authorities and any state/territory regulation is critical. Organisational Consideration Action Y/N Access to information 1. Do you and your organisation have all relevant facts about COVID-19? 2. Is your organisation staying up to date? 3. Check official information sources including: • Australian Government Department of Health: www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel- coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert • World Health Organisation: www.who.int • Safe Work Australia ww.safeworkaustralia.org.au 4. Relevant State/Territory/local government websites. Governance 5. Is station board and staff clear on who within your organisation will make and implement decisions on returning to the studio/office? 6. Does everyone within your organisation understand their role? 7. Has your organisation nominated a COVID-19 Safety Coordinator to oversee delivery of your return plan? You can locate a description of this role on CBAAs website. Strategy 8. Has your organisation reviewed its strategic plan for COVID-19 considerations? 9. Has your organisation defined what success looks like? 10. Does your organisation need to amend fixtures, broadcasting and training rules or activities to ensure physical distancing? Financial 11. Does your organisation know what its new safety/return to studio measures will cost? 12. -
Public Media – Pubic Broadcasting System (PBS)
SUPPORTING PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY MEDIA ACTION NEEDED We urge Congress to: Restore public broadcasting funding to the FY 2013 appropriation level of $445 million through the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). Pass the Community Access Preservation Act (CAP Act) to preserve public, educational, and governmental (PEG) non-commercial cable channels for local communities. OVERVIEW—PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY MEDIA Public media consists of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), National Public Radio (NPR), and more than 1,000 local public broadcasting stations. Community media is comprised of public, educational, and government (PEG) cable access TV and community radio stations. Both public and community media have a long history of presenting local, regional, and national nonprofit arts programming, a great majority of which is not available on commercial channels. These organizations play a unique role in bringing both classics and contemporary works to the American public. All of these systems exist because of federal funding or legislation. TALKING POINTS— CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING In creating America’s unique public broadcasting system, Congress acknowledged public broadcasting’s role in transmitting arts and culture: “It is in the public interest to encourage the growth and development of public radio and television broadcasting, including the use of such media for instructional, educational, and cultural purposes.” And Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) is the vehicle through which Congress has chosen to promote noncommercial public telecommunications. CPB does not produce or broadcast programs. The vast majority of funding through CPB goes directly to local public broadcast stations in the form of Community Service Grants. The federal portion of the average public station’s revenue is approximately 10–15 percent. -
Personalized ESG for Converged Digital Broadcast and 3G Mobile Services
Master Thesis Personalized ESG for converged digital broadcast and 3G mobile services Student: Xu Zhang (s050881) Supervisors: Reza Tadayoni and Michael Petersen CICT·Technical University of Denmark January 2008 Master Thesis s050881 Xu Zhang Technical University of Denmark Informatics and Mathematical Modeling Center for Information and Communication Technologies Building 372, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark 1 Master Thesis s050881 Xu Zhang Abstract The current designs of conventional Electronic Service Guides (ESGs) are an increasingly inefficient way for users to discover and select something to watch from the large amounts of digital broadcast content for Mobile TV available on handsets. One of the options to improve the design involves personalizing media selection from the existing Electronic Service Guide. The opportunity to deliver personalization has been made easier by the rapid pace of convergence. The overall aim of the project is to explore how to realize personalized ESG based on shifting contexts in converged digital broadcast and 3G environments. This report covers a review of various aspects influencing ESG design, an analysis of the stakeholders involved in mobile TV, and the planning, implementation and analysis of a case study based on a broadcaster. On this basis, an ESG design is proposed and preliminary work has been done on a prototype. The report concludes with a brief discussion of ESGs for Mobile TV and suggestions for future work. 2 Master Thesis s050881 Xu Zhang Preface This project is the last step of my master’s education in Telecommunications Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The thesis work was carried out at Center for Information and Communication Technologies the period from June 2007 to January 2008 with a workload of 35 ECTS points. -
Radio Broadcasting
Programs of Study Leading to an Associate Degree or R-TV 15 Broadcast Law and Business Practices 3.0 R-TV 96C Campus Radio Station Lab: 1.0 of Radiologic Technology. This is a licensed profession, CHLD 10H Child Growth 3.0 R-TV 96A Campus Radio Station Lab: Studio 1.0 Hosting and Management Skills and a valid Social Security number is required to obtain and Lifespan Development - Honors Procedures and Equipment Operations R-TV 97A Radio/Entertainment Industry 1.0 state certification and national licensure. or R-TV 96B Campus Radio Station Lab: Disc 1.0 Seminar Required Courses: PSYC 14 Developmental Psychology 3.0 Jockey & News Anchor/Reporter Skills R-TV 97B Radio/Entertainment Industry 1.0 RAD 1A Clinical Experience 1A 5.0 and R-TV 96C Campus Radio Station Lab: Hosting 1.0 Work Experience RAD 1B Clinical Experience 1B 3.0 PSYC 1A Introduction to Psychology 3.0 and Management Skills Plus 6 Units from the following courses (6 Units) RAD 2A Clinical Experience 2A 5.0 or R-TV 97A Radio/Entertainment Industry Seminar 1.0 R-TV 03 Sportscasting and Reporting 1.5 RAD 2B Clinical Experience 2B 3.0 PSYC 1AH Introduction to Psychology - Honors 3.0 R-TV 97B Radio/Entertainment Industry 1.0 R-TV 04 Broadcast News Field Reporting 3.0 RAD 3A Clinical Experience 3A 7.5 and Work Experience R-TV 06 Broadcast Traffic Reporting 1.5 RAD 3B Clinical Experience 3B 3.0 SPCH 1A Public Speaking 4.0 Plus 6 Units from the Following Courses: 6 Units: R-TV 09 Broadcast Sales and Promotion 3.0 RAD 3C Clinical Experience 3C 7.5 or R-TV 05 Radio-TV Newswriting 3.0 -
Community Radio Journalism in India
News by any other name: community radio journalism in India Bridget Backhaus* Griffith University, Australia Abstract Community radio journalism is a cultural resource that offers a voice to local communities and works to democratise media landscapes. Despite its indisputable value, community radio journalism in India faces a unique set of challenges: the foremost being that, officially, it does not exist. According to government policy, community radio stations are prohibited from broadcasting any news and current affairs content. The situation is further complicated by the presence of a development discourse underpinning the entire rationale for the sector. Instead of serving their listeners, community radio stations are beholden to a nebulous ‘development’ agenda. Under such circumstances, it is unsurprising that community radio journalism in India is relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper aims to address this gap by exploring how community radio practitioners in India source content and work around their restrictions in order to provide their listeners with relevant information and news. Keywords Community radio, India, news, journalism, development, social change Introduction Community radio is considered to be a voice for the voiceless and a stronghold of alternative views. Similarly, community radio journalism also has a tradition of democratising the media and acting as a cultural resource to provide communities with a local voice (Forde, Meadows & Foxwell-Norton, 2002). In India however, community radio journalism faces a unique set of challenges: the foremost of which being that, officially, it does not exist. Government policy prevents community radio stations in India from broadcasting any news or current affairs coverage. Employing the concept of community radio as rhizome as a theoretical framework, this article explores the fluid and contingent nature of community radio news and journalism in an environment where it officially does not exist. -
Elixir Journal
53674 S.A. Shaibu / Elixir Social Studies 135 (2019) 53674-53677 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Social Studies Elixir Social Studies 135 (2019) 53674-53677 Campus Radio Presentation World: The Brand Alternatives S.A. Shaibu Mass communication Department, Bingham University, Karu. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This paper takes a look at Campus Radio Presentation World from analytical secondary Received: 4 September 2019; data and observers discovery over a span of many years of professional radio Received in revised form: broadcasting practice and offered different perspectives with recommendations for 25 September 2019; excellent presentations on Campus Radio. Accepted: 5 October 2019; Definition of Terms Campus Radio: Is the approved campus community radio license that allow universities Keywords and tertiary institutions in Nigeria offering Mass Communication degrees to have their Campus Radio Presentation, laboratory of practice in a radio broadcasting spectrum in within a 20 watts’ transmission Broadcasting Experiences. radius. Brand or branding: Is the deliberate carving of a niche for either the station or the station personnel that are directly involved in effective broadcast content-delivery. Alternatives: Here are the suggested options rooted in the many years of practical broadcasting experiences of the researcher. © 2019 Elixir All rights reserved. Introduction Jones Dictionary – that is why the dictionary is a must have Campus Radio is established for our different for all Presenters and Anchor Persons on Campus Radio. Universities and Tertiary Institutions that offer Mass Also the following must be shunned on campus radio: Communication as a discipline to serve as the practical - Provincial accents experiment lab of Radio Broadcasting. -
COMMUNITY RADIO NETWORK PROGRAMS and CONTENT LIST - Content for Broadcast on Your Station
COMMUNITY RADIO NETWORK PROGRAMS AND CONTENT LIST - Content for broadcast on your station May 2019 All times AEST/AEDT CRN PROGRAMS AND CONTENT LIST - Table of contents FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMING Beyond Zero 9 Phil Ackman Current Affairs 19 National Features and Documentary Bluesbeat 9 Playback 19 Series 1 Cinemascape 9 Pop Heads Hour of Power 19 National Radio News 1 Concert Hour 9 Pregnancy, Birth and Beyond 20 Good Morning Country 1 Contact! 10 Primary Perspectives 20 The Wire 1 Countryfolk Around Australia 10 Radio-Active 20 SHORT PROGRAMS / DROP-IN Dads on the Air 10 Real World Gardener 20 CONTENT Definition Radio 10 Roots’n’Reggae Show 21 BBC World News 2 Democracy Now! 11 Saturday Breakfast 21 Daily Interview 2 Diffusion 11 Service Voices 21 Extras 1 & 2 2 Dirt Music 11 Spectrum 21 Inside Motorsport 2 Earth Matters 11 Spotlight 22 Jumping Jellybeans 3 Fair Comment 12 Stick Together 22 More Civil Societies 3 FiERCE 12 Subsequence 22 Overdrive News 3 Fine Music Live 12 Tecka’s Rock & Blues Show 22 QNN | Q-mmunity Network News 3 Global Village 12 The AFL Multicultural Show 23 Recorded Live 4 Heard it Through the Grapevine 13 The Bohemian Beat 23 Regional Voices 4 Hit Parade of Yesterday 14 The Breeze 23 Rural Livestock 4 Hot, Sweet & Jazzy 14 The Folk Show 23 Rural News 4 In a Sentimental Mood 14 The Fourth Estate 24 RECENT EXTRAS Indij Hip Hop Show 14 The Phantom Dancer 24 New Shoots 5 It’s Time 15 The Tiki Lounge Remix 24 The Good Life: Season 2 5 Jailbreak 15 The Why Factor 24 City Road 5 Jam Pakt 15 Think: Stories and Ideas 25 Marysville