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Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies College of Development Studies Program of Tourism and Development ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAM OF TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT Opportunities and Challenges of Community Based Ecotourism Establishment: The Case of Kahitestsa Forest and Environs Awi Zone, Ethiopia Submitted by: Ayana Fiseha A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Tourism and Development ADVISOR: MULUGETA FESEHA (Ph.D) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June, 2017 Declaration I Ayana Fiseha, hereby declare to the college of development studies of Addis Ababa University that, this thesis entitled “Opportunities and Challenges of Community Based Ecotourism Establishment: the Case of Kahitestsa forest and Environs at Awi zone Ethiopia” is a product of my original research work. It was not submitted, in full or part, for the attainment of any academic degree elsewhere. This work has also accredited the views of the research participants. To the best of my knowledge, I have fully acknowledged the materials and pieces of information used in the study. The reporting procedures do comply with the expected standards and regulation of the University. Name: Ayana Fiseha Zeleke Signature: ____________________ Date of Submission: June 2015 Department of Tourism& development, Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the this Thesis report is prepared by Ayana Fiseha entitled: „Opportunities, Challenges and Benefits of Community Based Ecotourism Development: The Case of Kahitestse Natural State Forest, Awi Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia‟ submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Degree of Master of Arts in Tourism and Development complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by Examining Committee: Internal Examiner name________________ Signature_____________ Date ____________ External Examiner name________________ Signature____________ Date ____________ Advisor name _______________________ Signature_____________ Date _____________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Coordinator Abstract The study was conducted to assess the opportunities and challenges for the establishment of CBET in Kahitesta Forest and the environs, Northern Ethiopia. Descriptive research design was employed and 91 samples selected out of 957 households through simple random sampling technique for quantitative data; however purposive sampling technique for qualitative data. The data were collected through questionnaire survey, key informant interview, field observation and secondary data sources. Over all thematic data analysis method was used. Data collected through questionnaire was analyzed through using Uni-variate descriptive statistics (range, frequency and percentage) while qualitative data was mainly used to triangulate the study to reach in to conclusion. The finding shows that the area is rich in natural and cultural tourism resources for CBET development. Moreover, accessibility and availability of accommodation in Injibara town and the community’s positive attitude towards tourism and tourists that can be developed in the area were identified as opportunities. In spite of opportunities, community’s dependency on natural resources, lack of collaboration among stakeholders, lack of financial capacity and high need of construction of infrastructures are among the challenges that can hinder the establishment of community based ecotourism in the area. It is recommended that environmentally sound, culturally friendly and economically feasible community-based ecotourism can be developed in the destination. Key words: Awi Zone, Challenges, Community-based ecotourism, Opportunities, Pro-poor tourism, Tourism Product development. i Acknowledgment I would like to thank all people who have helped me during my thesis work. I especially want to cordially express my heartfelt gratitude to my thesis advisor, Dr. Mulugeta Feseha, for encouragement, guidance and support to prepare this task over which I had the opportunity to grasp more knowledge concerning the subject matter of the study. I would also like to acknowledge my families who are always in support of me. My mother and all my brothers and sisters are always looking my progress with their uninterrupted support. I would also like to acknowledge the authors of reference books which helped me in great deal in depth that I have referred at the end of the page ii Table of Contents Contents Page Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................ ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. x Acronyms .................................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 General Objectives ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Questions of the Research ..................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Scope of the Study................................................................................................................. 6 1.7. Limitation of the Study ........................................................................................................ 6 1.8 Organization of the Study ..................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 7 Literature Review............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Concepts and Definitions ...................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Tourism as Regional Development Tool Vs Mass Tourism Vs New form of Tourism ........... 7 2.1.2 Ecotourism: Sustainable Development Tool .................................................................. 8 iii 2.1.3 Community based Ecotourism: Alternative form of Ecotourism ................................... 9 2.2 The Relationship between Ecotourism and Protected Areas .............................................. 11 2.3 Trend of Wildlife Conservation and Economic Benefit from Tourism Activities of Protected Areas in Ethiopia ................................................................................................ 12 2.4 Ecotourism Potential and Practices in Ethiopia .................................................................. 14 2.5 Principles of CBET ............................................................................................................. 15 2.6 Opportunities for Development of CBET ........................................................................... 16 2.6.1 Physical Features .......................................................................................................... 16 2.6.1.1 Mountains and Hill Lands ...................................................................................... 17 2.6.1.2 National Parks and Wildlife ................................................................................... 18 2.6.1.3 Coastlines and Water Resources ............................................................................ 18 2.6.1.4 Climate ................................................................................................................... 19 2.6.2 Level of Economic Development ................................................................................. 20 2.6.3 Social Factors ............................................................................................................... 21 2.6.4 Cultural Features..........................................................................................................
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