DOCSLIB.ORG

The Socioecological Significance of Dispersed Farmland Trees in Northern Ethiopia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Socioecological Significance of Dispersed Farmland Trees in Northern Ethiopia Colby College Digital Commons @ Colby Honors Theses Student Research 2016 Missing the Trees for the Forest: The Socioecological Significance of Dispersed Farmland Trees in Northern Ethiopia Jacob A. Wall Colby College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses Part of the Environmental Studies Commons, Geographic Information Sciences Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Other Environmental Sciences Commons, Remote Sensing Commons, Spatial Science Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Colby College theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed or downloaded from this site for the purposes of research and scholarship. Reproduction or distribution for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the author. Recommended Citation Wall, Jacob A., "Missing the Trees for the Forest: The Socioecological Significance of Dispersed Farmland Trees in Northern Ethiopia" (2016). Honors Theses. Paper 950. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses/950 This Honors Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Colby. Missing the Trees for the Forest: The Socioecological Significance of Dispersed Farmland Trees in Northern Ethiopia Jacob A. Wall Environmental Studies Program Colby College Waterville, Maine May 16, 2016 A thesis submitted to the faculty of the Environmental Studies Program in partial fulfillment of the graduation requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with honors in Environmental Studies. ________________________ _______________________ ____________________ Travis W. Reynolds, Advisor Manny Gimond, Reader Bruce Rueger, Reader i Copyright © 2016 by the Environmental Studies Program, Colby College. All rights reserved. ii ABSTRACT Scattered trees are prominent features in the agricultural landscape of the Ethiopian highlands. The dry Afromontane forests of the Amhara Region in northern Ethiopia have faced centuries of deforestation - the FAO estimates only 3% of the region is forested today. The remaining landscape has been largely converted into agricultural and grazing lands, with the exception of some limited government-protected lands, as well as thousands of small forest fragments left around Orthodox Churches (“church forests”). But while a growing body of scholarship has highlighted the ecological and cultural importance of church forests and other natural forest fragments, the roles of scattered remnant trees left in actively cultivated agricultural systems remains understudied. The ecological and socio- cultural benefits of scattered trees is widely acknowledged in some human-modified landscapes, including in the context of agroforestry where such trees provide important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, erosion control, water quality enhancement, biodiversity conservation, pollination, and topsoil enrichment, as well as numerous economic benefits including food, fodder, and fuel. This study examines the measured and perceived temporal change in scattered tree abundance in non-agroforestry systems, through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses and social survey data collection in croplands in the Amhara Region. Findings from GIS analyses indicate a surprising increase in scattered tree abundance since the 1960s and ground-truthing indicates that remnant tree scattered tree species are very diverse. In social surveys, farmers also report a perceived increase in tree numbers on cropland in recent decades – with social survey responses emphasizing the considerable economic importance and perceived ecosystem services of tree species as justification for why scattered trees are retained even when they interfere with crops. The study results highlight the importance of scattered trees on farmland and suggest policy interventions for single tree-scale conservation and scattered tree restoration across northern Ethiopia. i ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to sincerely thank my thesis advisor, Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies Travis W. Reynolds for all his valuable guidance, persistent enthusiasm, and constant mentorship throughout this project. I would like to thank my reader, GIS and Quantitative Analysis Specialist and Research Scientist in Environmental Studies Manny Gimond, for helping me implement spatial analyses and answering my unrelenting questions. I would also like to thank Manny for being such a warm and welcoming presence in Diamond and allowing me to live in the GIS lab. Thank you also to my third reader Bruce Rueger for his time and insightful suggestions. I can’t thank Hannah Peters ’19 enough for all of the incredibly hard work she put into helping me with all of the Google Earth work. This project would not have been possible without Dr. Alemayehu Wassie who has provided constant support for the past three years and the Clare Boothe Luce Assistant Professor of Biology Cat Collins for the incredible mentorship throughout this project. I would also like to thank Gezahegn Ayinie for helping me implement the social surveys and for being a good friend. Janice Liang, a huge thanks goes out to you for making all of the trips to Ethiopia a blast and putting up with me for months on end. Thank you also to Tizezew Shimekach Sisay, Sam Lovell, and all of the REU students: Ralph Olacio, Chloe Geffken, Annika Min, Wilford Briggs, Klaus DeBoer, Tracy Gatumu, Dawn Brown, Yenesew, Walelign Alemu, Kilash Kifili, and Zeneb Awoke. This project would not have been possible without you. Finally, a huge heartfelt thank you to all of the respondents who so willingly took my survey and welcomed me into their homes. I will never forget those wonderful moments. iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iii Table of Contents .................................................................................................................v Chapter 1: Deforestation and Forest Governance in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands ....1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Background: Land Cover Changes in Ethiopia .............................................................. 3 Deforestation in Ethiopia .............................................................................................................. 3 Causes and Consequences of Deforestation in Northern Ethiopia ................................... 5 Institutions Governing Forests in Ethiopia .............................................................................. 7 Thesis Overview ........................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2: Missing the Trees for the Forest – National Forest Cover Estimates Understate Tree Cover Change over Time ...........................................................................................13 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 13 Background: Tree Cover in the Amhara Region of Northern Ethiopia ........................ 14 Methods......................................................................................................................... 16 Study Sites ...................................................................................................................................... 17 GIS Methods .................................................................................................................................. 24 Results ........................................................................................................................... 31 How Scattered Tree Landscapes Are Defined ..................................................................... 31 Scattered Tree Cover Change over Time (1960s to Present) .......................................... 33 NDVI as a Proxy for Scattered Tree Cover .......................................................................... 34 NDVI Change Over Time (1985 to Present) ........................................................................ 36 Study Limitations ......................................................................................................................... 40 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 43 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 44 Chapter 3: The Social Significance of Scattered Remnant Trees in northern Ethiopia .....45 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 45 Methods......................................................................................................................... 45 Study Sites ...................................................................................................................................... 45 Survey Methods ...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Bellmon Analysis 2015/16 and Reassessment of Crop
    Ethiopia Bellmon Analysis 2015/16 And Reassessment Of Crop Production and Marketing For 2014/15 October 2015 Final Report Ethiopia: Bellmon Analysis - 2014/15 i Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................ iii Table of Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................. 10 Economic Background ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Poverty ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Wage Labor ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Agriculture Sector Overview ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Journalism Is Not a Crime” Violations of Media Freedom in Ethiopia WATCH
    HUMAN RIGHTS “Journalism Is Not a Crime” Violations of Media Freedom in Ethiopia WATCH “Journalism Is Not a Crime” Violations of Media Freedom in Ethiopia Copyright © 2015 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-32279 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org 2 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | JANUARY 2015 JANUARY 2015 978-1-6231-32279 “Journalism Is Not a Crime” Violations of Media Freedoms in Ethiopia Glossary of Abbreviations ................................................................................................... i Map of Ethiopia .................................................................................................................. ii Summary ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • AMHARA REGION : Who Does What Where (3W) (As of 13 February 2013)
    AMHARA REGION : Who Does What Where (3W) (as of 13 February 2013) Tigray Tigray Interventions/Projects at Woreda Level Afar Amhara ERCS: Lay Gayint: Beneshangul Gumu / Dire Dawa Plan Int.: Addis Ababa Hareri Save the fk Save the Save the df d/k/ CARE:f k Save the Children:f Gambela Save the Oromia Children: Children:f Children: Somali FHI: Welthungerhilfe: SNNPR j j Children:l lf/k / Oxfam GB:af ACF: ACF: Save the Save the af/k af/k Save the df Save the Save the Tach Gayint: Children:f Children: Children:fj Children:l Children: l FHI:l/k MSF Holand:f/ ! kj CARE: k Save the Children:f ! FHI:lf/k Oxfam GB: a Tselemt Save the Childrenf: j Addi Dessie Zuria: WVE: Arekay dlfk Tsegede ! Beyeda Concern:î l/ Mirab ! Concern:/ Welthungerhilfe:k Save the Children: Armacho f/k Debark Save the Children:fj Kelela: Welthungerhilfe: ! / Tach Abergele CRS: ak Save the Children:fj ! Armacho ! FHI: Save the l/k Save thef Dabat Janamora Legambo: Children:dfkj Children: ! Plan Int.:d/ j WVE: Concern: GOAL: Save the Children: dlfk Sahla k/ a / f ! ! Save the ! Lay Metema North Ziquala Children:fkj Armacho Wegera ACF: Save the Children: Tenta: ! k f Gonder ! Wag WVE: Plan Int.: / Concern: Save the dlfk Himra d k/ a WVE: ! Children: f Sekota GOAL: dlf Save the Children: Concern: Save the / ! Save: f/k Chilga ! a/ j East Children:f West ! Belesa FHI:l Save the Children:/ /k ! Gonder Belesa Dehana ! CRS: Welthungerhilfe:/ Dembia Zuria ! î Save thedf Gaz GOAL: Children: Quara ! / j CARE: WVE: Gibla ! l ! Save the Children: Welthungerhilfe: k d k/ Takusa dlfj k
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Lime on Acid Properties of Soil and on Faba Bean Yield in Banja District
    American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) 2313-4410, ISSN (Online) 2313-4402 © Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers http://asrjetsjournal.org/ 1. The Effects of Lime on Acid Properties of Soil and on Faba Bean Yield in Banja District. The Case of Sankit Lideta, Awi Zone Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia Ayalew Muluye Melsew* Begimeder College of Teachers Education, Po.Box-20, Debra Tabor, Ethiopia Email : [email protected] Abstracts This study was conducted in the known acid soil area of Ethiopia Awi zone which is found in the Amhara regional state. Five levels of lime introduced (0, 1150kg/ha, 2300kg/ha, 3450kg/ha, 4600kg/ha) on the faba bean productivity in the acidic soils. This experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and 39 .13kg/ha Urea and100kg/ha TSP had been used as the source of N and P, respectively. Crop data such as plant height, biomass yield and grain yield , 50% flowering ,50% maturity,95% maturity, number of pods/plant ,number of seeds /pod ,number of seeds /plant ,lodging ,stand count at emerge and harvest collected and analyzed using SAS Software version 9. The result of this study indicated that 4600kg/ha, lime brought significantly higher result than the control. As lime level increased from the 0 to 4600kg/ha, grain yield, 50% flowering, biomass yield, number of pods /plant, number of seeds/plant increased. However, as lime level increased the number of seeds/ pod, stand count at emerges, stand count at harvest, 50%maturity, 95%maturity did not bring significant change.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia COI Compilation
    BEREICH | EVENTL. ABTEILUNG | WWW.ROTESKREUZ.AT ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Ethiopia: COI Compilation November 2019 This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared within a specified time frame on the basis of publicly available documents as well as information provided by experts. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available on www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord This report was commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Background information ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Geographical information .................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Map of Ethiopia ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • English-Full (0.5
    Enhancing the Role of Forestry in Building Climate Resilient Green Economy in Ethiopia Strategy for scaling up effective forest management practices in Amhara National Regional State with particular emphasis on smallholder plantations Wubalem Tadesse Alemu Gezahegne Teshome Tesema Bitew Shibabaw Berihun Tefera Habtemariam Kassa Center for International Forestry Research Ethiopia Office Addis Ababa October 2015 Copyright © Center for International Forestry Research, 2015 Cover photo by authors FOREWORD This regional strategy document for scaling up effective forest management practices in Amhara National Regional State, with particular emphasis on smallholder plantations, was produced as one of the outputs of a project entitled “Enhancing the Role of Forestry in Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy”, and implemented between September 2013 and August 2015. CIFOR and our ministry actively collaborated in the planning and implementation of the project, which involved over 25 senior experts drawn from Federal ministries, regional bureaus, Federal and regional research institutes, and from Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources and other universities. The senior experts were organised into five teams, which set out to identify effective forest management practices, and enabling conditions for scaling them up, with the aim of significantly enhancing the role of forests in building a climate resilient green economy in Ethiopia. The five forest management practices studied were: the establishment and management of area exclosures; the management of plantation forests; Participatory Forest Management (PFM); agroforestry (AF); and the management of dry forests and woodlands. Each team focused on only one of the five forest management practices, and concentrated its study in one regional state.
    [Show full text]
  • Determinants of Smallholder Farmers' Rice Market Participation in Libo Kemekem Woreda, Amhara Region
    International Journal of Development in Social Sciences and Humanities http://www.ijdssh.com (IJDSSH) 2019, Vol. No.8, Jul-Dec e-ISSN: 2455-5142; p-ISSN: 2455-7730 DETERMINANTS OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ RICE MARKET PARTICIPATION IN LIBO KEMEKEM WOREDA, AMHARA REGION Endesew Eshetie University of Gondar College of Business and Economics Department of Marketing Management ABSTRACT Cultivation of rice in Ethiopia is generally a recent phenomenon. Rice has become a commodity of strategic significance across many parts of Ethiopia for domestic consumption as well as export market for economic development. This study was conducted in Libo Kemekem Woreda, Amhara Region. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in rice market. In this study three representative Kebeles were selected using multistage sampling technique. Then, sample household farmers were drawn by random sampling technique. Thus, 215 smallholder rice producer farmers were selected to the study, and through questionnaire and interview data were gathered. The collected data then be analyzed using SPSS and the results were interpreted and presented using descriptive statistics. Hence, the result revealed that 91.2% were male headed households and 8.8% were female headed. The minimum ageof participants were 29 and the maximum age was 70. About 94.9% of respondents were married, 3.3% were divorced, and 1.9% was separated; the major reason for growing rice was mainly for market. The result also identified about 98.1% smallholder farmer heads were members of cooperatives. On the contrary, farmers faced lack of improved seed and fertilizer, fear of crop failure due to unexpected rains and existence of different diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Amhara Region Administrative Map (As of 05 Jan 2015)
    Ethiopia: Amhara region administrative map (as of 05 Jan 2015) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Abrha jara ! Tselemt !Adi Arikay Town ! Addi Arekay ! Zarima Town !Kerakr ! ! T!IGRAY Tsegede ! ! Mirab Armacho Beyeda ! Debark ! Debarq Town ! Dil Yibza Town ! ! Weken Town Abergele Tach Armacho ! Sanja Town Mekane Berhan Town ! Dabat DabatTown ! Metema Town ! Janamora ! Masero Denb Town ! Sahla ! Kokit Town Gedebge Town SUDAN ! ! Wegera ! Genda Wuha Town Ziquala ! Amba Giorges Town Tsitsika Town ! ! ! ! Metema Lay ArmachoTikil Dingay Town ! Wag Himra North Gonder ! Sekota Sekota ! Shinfa Tomn Negade Bahr ! ! Gondar Chilga Aukel Ketema ! ! Ayimba Town East Belesa Seraba ! Hamusit ! ! West Belesa ! ! ARIBAYA TOWN Gonder Zuria ! Koladiba Town AMED WERK TOWN ! Dehana ! Dagoma ! Dembia Maksegnit ! Gwehala ! ! Chuahit Town ! ! ! Salya Town Gaz Gibla ! Infranz Gorgora Town ! ! Quara Gelegu Town Takusa Dalga Town ! ! Ebenat Kobo Town Adis Zemen Town Bugna ! ! ! Ambo Meda TownEbinat ! ! Yafiga Town Kobo ! Gidan Libo Kemkem ! Esey Debr Lake Tana Lalibela Town Gomenge ! Lasta ! Muja Town Robit ! ! ! Dengel Ber Gobye Town Shahura ! ! ! Wereta Town Kulmesk Town Alfa ! Amedber Town ! ! KUNIZILA TOWN ! Debre Tabor North Wollo ! Hara Town Fogera Lay Gayint Weldiya ! Farta ! Gasay! Town Meket ! Hamusit Ketrma ! ! Filahit Town Guba Lafto ! AFAR South Gonder Sal!i Town Nefas mewicha Town ! ! Fendiqa Town Zege Town Anibesema Jawi ! ! ! MersaTown Semen Achefer ! Arib Gebeya YISMALA TOWN ! Este Town Arb Gegeya Town Kon Town ! ! ! ! Wegel tena Town Habru ! Fendka Town Dera
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Regional Economic Communities In
    Global Journal of Political Science and Administration Vol.6, No.1, pp.19-29, February 2018 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) THE ROLE OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF IGAD’S PEACE PROCESS IN SOUTH SUDAN Muhabie Mekonnen Mengistu Institute of Governance, Humanities and Social Sciences, Pan African University, Yaoundé, Cameroon ABSTRACT: Nowadays, most Regional Economic Communities (RECs) in Africa are playing a crucial role in maintaining peace and security in Africa through resolving conflicts in a democratic and civilized way. Being one of the major building blocks recognized by African Union, IGAD is striving for sustaining peace and security throughout its turbulent and conflict raging operational area. In view of that, the objective of this paper is thus to assess the role of RECs in resolving conflicts in the case of IGAD’s peace process in South Sudan. To meet the objective of the study, secondary sources of data were utilized. After gathering the necessary data, qualitative methods of data analysis were employed to discuss, analyze and drawing inferences. Accordingly, the results of the study show that IGAD and its extension IGAD-PLUS had lightened some hopes in opening up ways for negotiation of the warring parties. Meanwhile, the peace process is heavily challenged by factors such as the strong need of the Uganda’s troop to stay in South Sudan, the deep division and rivalry among the regional powers, the reluctance of the warring parties and the poor institutionalization of IGAD. Hence, primarily, IGAD should use any means possible to withdraw the Uganda’s military force from the country.
    [Show full text]
  • AMHARA Demography and Health
    1 AMHARA Demography and Health Aynalem Adugna January 1, 2021 www.EthioDemographyAndHealth.Org 2 Amhara Suggested citation: Amhara: Demography and Health Aynalem Adugna January 1, 20201 www.EthioDemographyAndHealth.Org Landforms, Climate and Economy Located in northwestern Ethiopia the Amhara Region between 9°20' and 14°20' North latitude and 36° 20' and 40° 20' East longitude the Amhara Region has an estimated land area of about 170000 square kilometers . The region borders Tigray in the North, Afar in the East, Oromiya in the South, Benishangul-Gumiz in the Southwest and the country of Sudan to the west [1]. Amhara is divided into 11 zones, and 140 Weredas (see map at the bottom of this page). There are about 3429 kebeles (the smallest administrative units) [1]. "Decision-making power has recently been decentralized to Weredas and thus the Weredas are responsible for all development activities in their areas." The 11 administrative zones are: North Gonder, South Gonder, West Gojjam, East Gojjam, Awie, Wag Hemra, North Wollo, South Wollo, Oromia, North Shewa and Bahir Dar City special zone. [1] The historic Amhara Region contains much of the highland plateaus above 1500 meters with rugged formations, gorges and valleys, and millions of settlements for Amhara villages surrounded by subsistence farms and grazing fields. In this Region are located, the world- renowned Nile River and its source, Lake Tana, as well as historic sites including Gonder, and Lalibela. "Interspersed on the landscape are higher mountain ranges and cratered cones, the highest of which, at 4,620 meters, is Ras Dashen Terara northeast of Gonder.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Administrative Map As of 2013
    (as of 27 March 2013) ETHIOPIA:Administrative Map R E Legend E R I T R E A North D Western \( Erob \ Tahtay Laelay National Capital Mereb Ahferom Gulomekeda Adiyabo Adiyabo Leke Central Ganta S Dalul P Afeshum Saesie Tahtay Laelay Adwa E P Tahtay Tsaedaemba Regional Capital Kafta Maychew Maychew Koraro Humera Asgede Werei Eastern A Leke Hawzen Tsimbila Medebay Koneba Zana Kelete Berahle Western Atsbi International Boundary Welkait Awelallo Naeder Tigray Wenberta Tselemti Adet Kola Degua Tsegede Temben Mekele Temben P Zone 2 Undetermined Boundary Addi Tselemt Tanqua Afdera Abergele Enderta Arekay Ab Ala Tsegede Beyeda Mirab Armacho Debark Hintalo Abergele Saharti Erebti Regional Boundary Wejirat Tach Samre Megale Bidu Armacho Dabat Janamora Alaje Lay Sahla Zonal Boundary Armacho Wegera Southern Ziquala Metema Sekota Endamehoni Raya S U D A N North Wag Azebo Chilga Yalo Amhara East Ofla Teru Woreda Boundary Gonder West Belesa Himra Kurri Gonder Dehana Dembia Belesa Zuria Gaz Alamata Zone 4 Quara Gibla Elidar Takusa I Libo Ebenat Gulina Lake Kemkem Bugna Kobo Awra Afar T Lake Tana Lasta Gidan (Ayna) Zone 1 0 50 100 200 km Alfa Ewa U Fogera North Farta Lay Semera ¹ Meket Guba Lafto Semen Gayint Wollo P O Dubti Jawi Achefer Bahir Dar East Tach Wadla Habru Chifra B G U L F O F A D E N Delanta Aysaita Creation date:27 Mar.2013 P Dera Esite Gayint I Debub Bahirdar Ambasel Dawunt Worebabu Map Doc Name:21_ADM_000_ETH_032713_A0 Achefer Zuria West Thehulederie J Dangura Simada Tenta Sources:CSA (2007 population census purpose) and Field Pawe Mecha
    [Show full text]