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Clio 2019 Was Funded in Part by the College of Arts & Letters’ Student- Faculty Collaboration Grant

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Clio 2019 Was Funded in Part by the College of Arts & Letters’ Student- Faculty Collaboration Grant Clio California State University, Sacramento Student History Journal Clio | Vol. 29, 2019 Phi Alpha Theta California State University, Sacramento Clio Volume 29, Spring 2019 The Annual Publication of Phi Alpha Theta, Rho Xi Chapter Department of History, College of Arts & Letters California State University, Sacramento Clio Editor-in-Chief Janis Pope Editorial Staff Sarah Dutcher Taylor Adam Bardaro Laurie Frazier Timothy Anderson Samuel Bein Brett Coker Emma Sullivan Jacob Jennerjohn Mathew Jones Brittany Nath Joshua Lourence Billy Febuary Shea Cooley Cuauhtemoc Morales Clio 2019 was funded in part by the College of Arts & Letters’ Student- Faculty Collaboration Grant. It was also made possible through generous support from: California State University, Sacramento Peer & Academic Resource Center College of Arts & Letters President Robert Nelson History Department Faculty Dr. Aaron J. Cohen Dr. Nikolaos Lazaridis Dr. Brendan Lindsay Dr. Mona Siegel Dr. Sherry Fields Dr. Jim Rose Dr. Jeffrey Wilson Students, Alumni, Friends, and Family Adam Bardaro Brett Coker James Wheeler Gena Rhoades Jackie Pope R. Moses Perez Cover Photo: Courtesy of Janis Pope © Clio 2019 – All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review of study, without prior permission in writing from the publishers and the student author. Copyright reverts to each author upon further publication of his or her article. Department of History, Tahoe Hall 3080 California State University, Sacramento 6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819-6059 Letter from the Editor It is with great pleasure that I present the twenty-ninth volume of Clio, the award-winning, student-run history journal of California State University, Sacramento (CSUS). The bar was set high for us, as last year’s Clio journal was awarded top prize in the Gerald D. Nash History Journal competition through Phi Alpha Theta. We have strived to preserve the same level of excellence this year and to also produce a journal that reflects the variety of interests of our student body. The following works represent the culmination of our contributors’ research and writing, as well as their commitment to working with our editorial staff to fine-tune their work over the course of this past semester. Our steadfast editors have worked diligently to make each part of this journal ready for publication, and I would like to recognize and acknowledge their hard work as well as that of our contributing authors. Our contributors represent both undergraduate and graduate-level historians. Their works touch on a variety of topics, including the long-lasting impacts of social movements, the effects of imperialism and war, and even how history is mirrored and portrayed in popular culture. Also included in this issue are two works specifically dedicated to the history of our university - California State University, Sacramento – which serve as important reminders that history is not only happening somewhere else in the world but is also happening right under our noses. This year’s authors seek to recover and highlight voices and events that have been sidelined in previous historiography. Their works also function as correctives to earlier scholarship, as modern times have allowed us time and space to rethink some of the “heralded” events of the past. In this day and age, the role of historian is of utmost significance, and the presentation of these stories and perspectives is ever more important. We greatly appreciate the generous support of the faculty and staff at CSUS. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Aaron J. Cohen, our faculty advisor for Clio, who has guided us through the process of creating a professional academic journal. His leadership, humor, and doses of good advice have fueled us along the way. I would also like to thank the History Department for its ever-present support, and the College of Arts & Letters, which sponsored “An Evening with Clio II” at the CSUS Festival of the Arts. Additionally, I would like to extend a thank you to the friends and family of our Clio editorial team as well as the students and alumni who have generously supported us and continue to do so. Clio exists because of the collective efforts of so many members of our campus community, and we are proud to present this year’s edition. Janis Pope Editor-in-Chief Table of Contents 1 In Memoriam Our Contributors 2 Articles Haiti in Print: The Impact of the Early Black Press on Northern 6 African American Social Reform, 1791-1838 Vivian Tang Condoning Imperialism: U.S. Public Opinion on the Annexation of 22 the Philippines Thomas Lerner Native Bodies in Peril: Infrastructure, Race, and the Decolonization 37 of Cuba Spencer Gomez Religious Assimilation and Adaptation in Ptolemaic Egypt 52 Michael Steele Gay Visibility and the Shift Underground: How Civil Rights Rhetoric 63 Influenced the Working-Class Tolerances of the Black Gay Community Laura Bricarello Creating Agents of Change: The Mexican-American Education 77 Project at CSU Sacramento Yozantli Lagunas Guerrero An Exercise in Forgetting: Charles M. Goethe, Eugenics, and the 93 Founding of CSU Sacramento Liam Dodson Haig’s Folly: The Battle of Passchendaele and the Failure of 102 Generalship in WWI Valor Nash The Impetus for Invasion: Contention Surrounding the 1960 113 Constitution of Cyprus Noah Ocker Stephen King’s Monstrous Decade: The Evolution of Fear in 128 America Melissa Blandford Through the Kawoosh: Stargate as a Case Study of Science Fiction 140 and the Treatment of “The Other” Stephanie Kyles A Note on the 2018 Edition of Clio 158 Book Reviews Graham Dominy. Last Outpost on the Zulu Frontier: Fort Napier and the 159 British Imperial Garrison. Timothy Anderson Sarah F. Rose. No Right to Be Idle: The Invention of Disability, 1840s- 160 1930s. Adam Bardaro Adom Getachew. Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self- 161 Determination. Samuel Bein Elizabeth A Fenn. Encounters at the Heart of the World: A History of the 163 Mandan People. Brett Coker Yael Tamir. Why Nationalism. 164 Shea Cooley Clement Fatovic. America’s Founding and the Struggle Over Economic 166 Inequality. Billy Febuary Ronald Rudin. Kouchibouguac: Removal, Resistance, and Remembrance at a 167 Canadian National Park. Laurie Frazier Gregory Downs. After Appomattox: Military Occupation and the Ends 168 of War. Jacob Jennerjohn Jonathan Holloway. Jim Crow Wisdom: Memory & Identity in Black 170 America since 1940. Mathew Jones Erin Stewart. Unredeemed Land: An Environmental History of Civil 171 War and Emancipation in the Cotton South. Joshua Lourence Avner Wishnitzer. Reading Clocks, Alla Turca: Time and Society in 172 the Late Ottoman Empire. Cuauhtemoc Morales Heekyoung Cho. Translation’s Forgotten History: Russian Literature, 174 Japanese Mediation, and the Formation of Modern Korean Literature. Brittany Nath Stewart Gordon. There and Back: Twelve of the Great Routes of 175 Human History. Janis Pope Tara M. McCarthy. Respectability and Reform: Irish American 177 Women’s Activism, 1880-1920. Emma Sullivan Mireya Loza. Defiant Braceros: How Migrant Workers Fought for 178 Racial, Sexual, and Political Freedom. Sarah Dutcher Taylor Clio Staff 180 Scholarships, Awards, and Prizes 186 Phi Alpha Theta Conference 188 1 In Memoriam Ernest Isaacs Ernest Isaacs was raised in Denver, Colorado. He received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado and his doctorate degree from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He was active in the civil rights movement in the 1950s-60s and in many social justice causes since then. Before he arrived at Sac State in 1968, he taught at Wisconsin State University and the University of Maryland. Dr. “Ernie” Isaacs believed that the library was the heart of Sac State and he brought his freshmen students to the library to teach them research methods. He loved teaching, especially History 17b, because he enjoyed challenging students’ political beliefs and encouraging critical thinking. Dr. Isaacs was involved in a teach-in to protest the Vietnam War and organized another to protest American military action in Central America. He also enjoyed teaching graduate students especially in the historiography seminar (History 200). Dr. Isaacs was also a patient mentor for those students. For example, he would write encouraging postcards to candidates who were struggling to write their theses. Dr. Isaacs left Sac State in 1993, and in his retirement enjoyed long bike rides. Richard Kornweibel Richard “Dick” Kornweibel was born in Pasadena, CA. He earned his bachelor’s degree from Hastings College in Nebraska and his doctorate from UC Riverside. As a professor at Sacramento State University, he taught Latin American and Brazilian History, served as Department Chair and Program Coordinator, and also served on the General Education Committee, Faculty Senate, and Honors Program Curriculum Development Committee. He led Sacramento County History Day for many years as well as serving on the History Day board and helping to develop the Sacramento History Center. Dr. Kornweibel published two books: Bibliografia da Historia do Rio Grande do Sul, and Julio de Castilhos and the Republican Party of Rio Grande do Sul. A fellow researcher said that he was “a delight, with a terrific, ironic sense of humor.” He retired in 1997 to spend time with his wife, Gay, and family, and he served as president on the CSUS Retirees Association. 2 Our Contributors Vivian Tang Vivian Tang is a MA student at CSU Sacramento. She graduated cum laude from UC Davis in 2013 with BAs in history and film studies. Her research interests include philosophy of history, intellectual and cultural history, and postcolonial studies, specifically the intersections of race, labor, and citizenship in the Atlantic World. She was the editor-in-chief of Clio in Spring 2018, which was awarded first place in the Gerald D.
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