ISSN 2092-7959

Intangible Cultural Heritage Centre for Asia and the Pacific

VOL.5

Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Property: Trends, Tasks, and Challenges

community’s active participation and effort can overcome these difficulties and secure their rights for safeguarding their cultural heritage from exploitation. Mr Gaura Mancacaritadipura, from the Indonesian National Kris Secretariat, pointed out that although the UNESCO convention does not directly mention measures for the legal protection of intangible cultural heritage, it does include several aspects of intellectual property rights. In addition, Mr Mancacaritadipura provided examples of Indonesia putting forth effort to protect the rights of communities which practice particular elements of intangible cultural heritage. Expert meeting on safeguarding ICH and Intellectual Property (Photo by Joon Young Sin) The last session of the meeting touched upon the combination of three crucial issues: he absence of a law applicable to intellectual platform for networking and encouragement for the intangible cultural heritage, intellectual property, property for intangible cultural heritage active exchange of ideas among experts in the ICH and information technology. Professor Chul Nam T has left ICH vulnerable to unauthorised field. The expert meeting proceeded in 3 sessions Lee, of Chungnam National University Law School, use, commercialisation and the exploitation of followed by a panel discussion for each session. stressed the importance of providing a proper cultural heritage elements. In response to this To grasp the current international legal guideline for those who record and digitalise predicament, UNESCO and the World Intellectual debate regarding IP as a measure for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. He also emphasised Property Organization have been spearheading ICH, Mr Ki Suk Oh, from the Korean Copyright the importance of organisations such as ICHCAP an international movement to protect the Commission, introduced WIPO’s past and present for the purpose of promoting such activities. intellectual property of intangible cultural heritage. movements to develop a new set of intellectual Although the expert meeting re-identified Nevertheless, among UNESCO, WIPO, Member property laws concerning the safeguarding seemingly insurmountable difficulties in States, experts, and scholars in the field of ICH, the of intangible cultural heritage. As for Korea’s protecting intellectual property of intangible division of opinions in relation to IP and ICH has position on this subject matter, Mr Yong Ik Jeong, cultural heritage, signs of prosperity and hope turned this issue into an insoluble quagmire. head of the Intellectual Property Team of the were noticeable as experts of the meeting Recognising the gravity of this matter, the Prime Minister’s office, introduced Korea’s recent recognised their passion and willingness to tackle Intangible Cultural Heritage Centre for Asia and movement to establish a new intellectual property the matter at hand. In this sense, providing a the Pacific (ICHCAP) organised an international law which includes features related to or exclusive platform for uniting international experts with expert meeting titled ‘Safeguarding Intangible to intangible cultural heritage. Additionally, the the opportunity to discuss and work towards Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Property: Trends, meeting also included conceptual differences solutions regarding these matters is no doubt one Tasks, and Challenges‘, which took place on 21 among intangible cultural heritage, traditional step in the right direction for the promotion of October 2010. The goal for holding such a meeting cultural expressions, and traditional knowledge intellectual property as a means of safeguarding was to first discuss and comprehend the current which were characterised by Mr Dae Seung Yang ICH. Furthermore, measures proposed by experts trends revolving around the debate of ICH and IP; from the Korea Institute for Intellectual Property. such as the establishment of a legal framework for secondly, to identify the major problems regarding During the second session, major issues and the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage, the relationships between IP and ICH as well as tasks concerning the safeguarding of intangible recognising and promoting the importance of tasks necessary for promoting IP as a method for cultural heritage and intellectual property were community participation, and the establishment safeguarding ICH; and lastly, to provide experts with identified, followed by a presentation by US of proper guidelines during the time of recording an opportunity to network with one another for the attorney Mr Pil Ho Park, regarding difficulties of and digitising intangible cultural heritage will further development of this study. instilling legal rights into communities which all contribute to further enforcing safeguarding Attended by 16 experts from both the cultural continue to practice elements of intangible measures for intangible cultural heritage. heritage field and legal sectors, the meeting was a cultural heritage. He emphasised how a

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 1 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:06 ICH Issues

Expert Seminar on ICH Inventory-making for Central Asia Intangible Cultural Heritage & Inventory

ntangible cultural heritage is a main feature addition, two cultural experts from the UNESCO Director of ICHCAP chaired the final session of in the cultural diversity of humanity. To Tashkent office and the International Institute for the meeting. For this session of the meeting, all of I safeguard these elements of living heritage, Central Asian Studies (IICAS) visited Korea. The the participants were asked to present a possible there are various measures to consider, therefore meeting focused on the sharing and learning of work plan for inventory-making procedures in ICH inventorying, inter alia, is an essential current situations regarding ICH inventory-making their country. An in-depth debate followed the safeguarding activity. in the context of safeguarding ICH within the presentations in line with developing future According to the 2003 Convention, each framework of the 2003 Convention. cooperative projects regarding the implementation State Party should take necessary measures to The meeting commenced with opening of ICH inventory-making in the Central Asia region. ensure the safeguarding of the ICH elements remarks by Mr Kun Moo Yi, Administrator of the As a result of this, the ‘Call to Action’ regarding ICH present in their territory. In light of this, each Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea and inventory-making for Central Asia was adopted. State Party shall draw up a manifest to the welcoming remarks were followed by Mr Jung This event was followed by field trips which Convention geared towards its country’s own Hyun Lee, Member of the National Assembly. The lasted 3 days in addition to a meeting between the situation to ensure the identification of ICH keynote presentation was delivered by Professor participants and the communities involved in the elements for its safeguarding. Dawn-hee Yim who addressed the present issues transmission of ICH elements that are designated To help countries follow through with this, and necessary tasks for ICH inventorying as a by the government of Korea as important ICH. the Intangible Cultural Heritage Centre for Asia safeguarding measure. Soon after, presentations and the Pacific hosted an Expert Meeting on ICH on national ICH inventory case studies were Inventory-making for Central Asia which took presented by distinguished participants of CONTENTS place from 27 to 28 October in Seoul, Korea. various Central Asian countries to provide a better ICH Issues 01 The expert meeting was organised by the understanding of the current situation of ICH Director's Note 02 Intangible Cultural Heritage Centre for Asia and safeguarding efforts in the Central Asia region. Expert Remarks 03 the Pacific (ICHCAP) under the sponsorship of The first session was aimed at introducing Windows to ICH 05 the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA) of current issues which Central Asian countries have Field Report 08 Korea. This event was designed as a follow-up faced, while the following session focused more Inventory Making Efforts to the Action Plan which was adopted by the on inventory-making issues such as domains and 10 participants during the Central Asian Sub-regional classification of ICH, the purpose and responsibility ICHCAP Inside 12 Network Meeting in March 2010 in Tashkent. of inventories, possible measures for promotion of Safeguarding Pioneers 13 For the meeting, eight distinguished experts ICH inventory-making, involvement of communities Understanding ICH 14 and administrators from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan for inventory-making and networks among experts. ICH News Briefs 15 Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan were present. In On 29 October Mr Seong-Yong Park, Executive

Director’s Note

Inventory-making, a Prerequisite for ICH Safeguarding

he fall season in many countries presents its beauty and serenity to our daily life. As the clear weather continued through October, ICH experts from Central Asia and Korea gathered in Seoul to discuss ICH inventory-making. T In the ‘Expert Meeting on ICH Inventory-making for Central Asia’, participants discussed various efforts and methodologies to develop national inventories in Central Asia. In addition, they shared unique characteristics and current issues pertinent to ICH in their own societies. Indeed, inventory-making must be a prerequisite in the implementation of the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and it has proven as being a pressing issue in the development and application of safeguarding measures in the ICH field. Interestingly, participants of the Meeting particularly stressed the need to develop guidelines for inventory-making while agreeing that the inventory-making process should be based on an individual basis of the circumstance of ICH in each country. During the meeting participants also made several suggestions such as exploring an integrated approach to tangible and intangible cultural heritage in inventory-making. Finally, a ‘Call to Action’ was adopted, promising to Seong-Yong Park hold continuous expert seminars to promote inventory-making projects and to collaborate in developing online tools Executive Director, ICHCAP for aiding the inventory-making process and to push ahead with the plan for developing the ‘Atlas of ICH in Central Asia’ project. Encouraging international cooperation in the field of ICH inventory-making, a very important task for the safeguarding of ICH, will be one of ICHCAP’s major activities for the future.

2 | ICH COURIER

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 2 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:06 Expert Remarks

Involvement and Role of Communities in the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage Sulayman Khalaf (Intangible Heritage Expert, Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage, UAE)

Seasonal practice for the annual camel races in Dubai (Photo by Sulayman Khalaf)

odern state cultural institutions can as possible for all stages of the nomination carriers of great traditions. lend support to safeguarding its process: the identification of the element, the In most present-day modern societies, M national ICH by injecting financial, preparation of the nomination, elaboration and traditional communities have been experiencing administrative and logistical support. However, implementation of safeguarding measures and major shifts not only in their social geography, but the fact remains that for ICH to express itself as so on. This emphasis on communities signifies also in the economic activities their members are a ‘living heritage’ it needs active involvement their fundamental role in maintaining ICH as currently pursuing. The present influx of ongoing from the community or communities that bear living heritage traditions, and not as dusty relics rural-urban migration, geographical mobility, it and practise it in order to provide a platform of the past that are displayed in silent museum urban planning, and dispersal of kinship and for its ongoing dynamic and special history- corridors. familial groups within the expanding cityscapes rooted organic qualities to transcend through About sixty years ago, American anthro- in search of better economic opportunities as generations within the broad context of the pologist Robert Redfield formulated the concept well as a quest for social mobility, market forces changing society in which it is located. of the ‘Little Community’, to designate the and global currents, have all combined leading to This aspect of safeguarding ICH as a ‘living most widespread organisation of human life, a generation of serious shifts and restructuring of heritage’ among modern nation states led the particularly in agrarian peasant societies and the key socio-economic and cultural fabrics of old cultural experts who formulated UNESCO’s alike. As an abstract ideal, the Little Community local ‘Little Communities’. definition of ICH to emphasise the position was described as being small, homogeneous, Subsequently, major changes have and role of communities in the overall system religious, relatively isolated, governed by kinship been occurring in the dialectical interplay of heritage safeguarding. With regard to obligations and moral traditions, thus enjoying a between the ‘village little traditions’ and the evidence of community participation, UNESCO high level of social solidarity. The peasant village ‘city great traditions’. Both urbanisation of rural affirms that the nomination files submitted for Little Community is viewed as being a carrier life and the ruralisation of city life are taking inscription should fully illustrate the community of little (cultural) traditions as compared with place simultaneously, particularly in third or communities’ participation as extensively larger more metropolitan cities which are seen as world developing countries. It is perhaps this

(Continued on page 4)

VOL. 5 | 3

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 3 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:07 evolutionary trend that led UNESCO experts to itself can be viewed as an ‘imagined community’ responsible for the organisational and financial merge the notion of little and great (cultural) as conceptualised by Benedict Anderson (1983). support of this element, but it is the Bedouin traditions into one concept called Intangible Recently, the way ICH is being celebrated and communities in the UAE and other neighbouring Cultural Heritage (ICH). transmitted in a country such as the UAE is Gulf countries, such as Qatar and Saudi Arabia, In view of these evolutionary trends, the through joint efforts by both local communities who are involved in the actual day-to-day current stance of communities is to break and the state to define, redefine and safeguard safeguarding of this camel heritage in the rapidly beyond their old restricted local boundaries, but what both entities regard as community and/or changing Gulf societies. nonetheless continue to carry on with their local national heritage. The Liwa Date Festival is located in the oases cultural ICH traditions as a kind of cultural marker A few brief examples from the UAE will of Liwa which are located deep in the desert, of their identity and source of pride. Due to the illustrate these general statements. some 180 km west of Abu Dhabi. The oases are transformation of modern life conditions, present- Camel racing has been celebrated annually well known for their harvests of good dates. The day modern communities are now unable to fully for the last 20 years as an Emirati ICH. Bedouin date palm is viewed by Emiratis as a blessed and embrace their ICH heritage in an organic way tribal communities are the bearers and the all-giving tree, thus it has been regarded as a in conjunction with their everyday life, as was practitioners of camel culture in its present-day significant element of Emirati ICH. The festival is the case in traditional little communities. Thus, changing form. While the Bedouins take an active a new summer cultural event that brings both heightened awareness and conscious efforts are part in the annual six month long camel racing the Bedouin oasis farming communities and Abu required by communities and policy makers to celebration, the state also regards the camel as Dhabi agencies together in celebration of the keep their heritage alive. They also require the one of its heritage elements and has elevated it early date harvest known as al-ruttab. The festival use of modern media channels such as television, to the level of a national cultural icon. Therefore, brings in the Liwa community to display and radio, newspapers and internet, and even the both have been on the heritage stage joining compete in the production of fine quality dates educational system to mobilise and coordinate resources, efforts, traditional skills and knowledge and above all to safeguard the date palm oasis efforts to celebrate and transmit ICH in the in order to safeguard the camel racing culture cultural heritage. Artisan shops and exhibitions communities concerned. and develop it within the transforming modern of traditional lives in oases are also celebrated, With the increase of roles recently performed globalised reality. in addition to the building of a larger traditional by nation states, local communities are happy The camel beauty contest is a newly- souq (market) to exhibit and sell traditional palm to welcome support provided by state cultural invented tradition in the UAE which is rooted related handicrafts. institutions to aid them in activating and in the traditional Bedouin camel culture. Thus, These examples show how local communities celebrating community ICH as an integral aspect the new cultural camel event, al Mezaina, is now and the nation-state can join together to of safeguarding national heritage. Intangible celebrated every winter for two weeks as an safeguard what both entities regard as their heritage defines the identity of the community Emirati ICH element. The Abu Dhabi Authority intangible cultural heritage. at hand as a local group and as a nation. The state for Culture and Heritage is the official institution

Local camel owners celebrate the crowning of their winning camel at the al Mezaina Festival (2009) (Photo by Sulayman Khalaf)

Emirati experts examine baskets of early ripened dates at the Liwa Date Festival (2010) (Photo by Sulayman Khalaf) Camels are considered an icon of Emirati cultural heritage (Photo by Sulayman Khalaf)

4 | ICH COURIER

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 4 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:09 Windows to ICH

ICH and Sacred Rituals Windows to ICH provides an introduction to examples of intangible cultural heritage practices from countries throughout the Asia-Pacific region in relation to specific themes presented in the issue. This issue takes a look at representations and practices of sacred rituals. In these examples of intangible cultural heritage from the Cook Islands, the Republic of Korea, and India, you can see the intersections of culture and ritual as well as their influence on public events in each community.

Cook Islands Sacred Rituals of its Indigenous Population Ngatuaine Maui (Anthropologist, Ministry of Cultural Development, Cook Islands)

dressed in traditional garments and carried by warriors on a pa’ata or platform to the marae. The tribe follows closely behind the pa’ata reciting a traditional chant that is only used for this special occasion. Upon arrival to the marae, the taunga karakia welcomes the procession to the sacred grounds. The high chief is then lowered to allow for him to walk on the sacred marae site to where a seat carved out of stone, made especially for the person who holds this prestigious title rests. The taunga would perform his duties and bless the event before the chief bites the ear of a wild boar to signify his acceptance of the title and his responsibility to protect and care for the people of his tribe. To conclude this customary event, the chief is then carried once more on his pa’ata to a new location, one where all parties observing and supporting the ceremony from The spokesperson for Vaeruarangi Ariki (chief) chants to pay tribute to the newly inducted chief (Photo by Ngatuaine Maui) the exterior can be involved in the celebration of their newly inducted chief. ccording to the oral traditions of now been replaced by prayer services in historic This sacred ritual is still very much alive the Cook Islands, sacred rituals were Christian churches and other religious venues and a part of the customary traditions of the A commonly performed on what is known that were introduced to the Cook Islands almost indigenous population of the Cook Islands. as a marae or sacred ground. Each tribe has its two hundred years ago. For each individual, tracing your genealogy to own marae where ceremonies such as offerings However, induction of a chief or sub-chief is a chiefly title is a crucial part of knowing your of prayers, tributes to the gods and the induction still performed on the marae. The induction of a identity. The historical accounts of chiefs are of traditional titles on family members were once high chief occurs once every twenty years or so, bound by the great warriors of ancient times. carried out. It also acted as a meeting place for where as the induction of sub-chiefs occur more For this reason the cultural heritage of the marae important tribal matters. frequently, mainly on the island of Rarotonga. from the Cook Islands should be preserved for Entry onto the marae compound was usually It is at the death of the reigning chief that his future generations to understand and appreciate restricted to those with titles or prominent successor is inducted. Although each tribe has its their cultural identity. members of the tribe. During ceremonies, the own specific procedures when carrying out an remaining parties would surround the marae induction, there are still many similarities among complex and observe the proceedings from the various tribal groups of the Cook Islands. the exterior side of the boundary. A priest Chiefly titles are hereditary and are passed referred to as taunga karakia would perform on to the first born male. However, if this is not prayers and incantations as he was deemed possible then the immediate family convenes to ‘the spokesperson of the gods‘. From the outer make a joint decision on the successor. Once a perimeter of the grounds, the tribe would decision has been reached, the announcement participate from time to time by joining in with is then made to the tribe, nearby villages and chanting, or by offering their support to the the entire island. Up to a year may be spent prayers of the taunga karakia. preparing for the induction ceremony, crops Many of the rituals that were once are planted, induction garments are crafted and Vaeruarangi Ariki being carried on a pa’ata to another performed on the marae are no longer practiced. other preparations are carried out. location after rituals were conducted at the marae located on Prayers and tributes to the ancient gods have On the day of induction the chief is usually the island of Aitutaki (Photo by Ngatuaine Maui)

VOL. 5 | 5

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 5 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:09 Windows to ICH

Republic of Korea Munmyo Jerye (文廟祭禮), Grand Ceremony in Honor of Confucius Song, Ji-won (Research Professor, Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies, Seoul National University, Korea)

unmyo is a Confucian shrine in which a few days in advance for the ritual. On the day ceremony are called Paleum (八音), literally meaning various spiritual-tablets of past of the ritual, officials welcome the spirits of great eight sounds. These musical instruments construct M Confucian scholars rest. In this shrine, a scholars with full respect and present to them the Deunga and Heonga orchestras, and the dancers total of thirty nine spiritual-tablets are enshrined sacrificial offerings. They also prepare for them who perform Palilmu are accompanied by this music. that belong to Confucius, four disciples, sixteen an attractive arrangement of food and wine and Dance and music make the traditional Korean custom Chinese Confucian scholars, and eighteen Korean then partake in tasting the wine as a blessing Munmyo Jerye magnificent to observe. Munmyo Jerye, Confucian scholars. Currently, the Munmyo from the spirits. The ritual is concluded with the which materialises through Deunga, Heonga and shrine is located in Sungkyunkwan, which was an burning of tribute paper by an official. Palilmu, reflects the sounds of the universe which are institution of higher education during the Joseon Munmyo Jerye (文廟祭禮) is carried out in greater than that of the human world. dynasty and is now Sungkyunkwan University a solemn mood while traditional music plays located in Seoul. Every February and August, throughout the ceremony. During the Joseon according to the lunar calendar, commemorative dynasty, people who were ruled by Confucianism rites are prepared and called Munmyo Jerye or contributed to this combination of the ritual’s refined Seokjeonje. Currently, Seokjeonje is listed as No. 85 manner and solemn music with their modest on the Important Intangible Cultural Heritage List character which has subsequently led us to this of Korea, designated in 1986. magnificent piece of art. In other words, Munmyo Procedures of the Munmyo Jerye ceremony Jerye is celebrated with dance, song, instrumental are as follows: music, and it is carried out in a Confucian manner It begins with the greeting of spirits, Yeongsin; to exhibit his vision of the universe. The Deungga next is the offering of ceremonial food, Jeonpye; orchestra plays in Dangsang and the Heonga then offering of the first cup of wine, Choheon; orchestra plays in the court yard in collaboration offering of the second cup of wine, Aheon; with the Palilmu line dancing which reflects the offering of the third cup of wine, Jongheon; three powers of thought observed by Confucius, partaking of sacrificial food and drink, Emboksujo; representing the sky, the earth and man. Deungga the removal of the ceremonial vessels from the represents the sky; therefore it is played at the altar, Cheolbyeondu; and it is completed with the highest place. Heonga represents the earth; therefore sending off of spirits,Songsin . it is played at the lowest place. Palilmu, which requires Every procedure is offered with great sixty four dancers, represents man so it is performed respect to the spirits. In addition to great respect in the middle of the Deungga orchestra and Heonga being offered to the spirits, Munmyo Jerye is orchestra. also an exhibition of honour for the significant The music of sacrificial rituals at the Munmyo Confucian scholars that carried out the essence shrine is played with instruments made from eight of Confucianism. Therefore, to prepare for this elements: metal, stone, thread, bamboo, gourd, soil, ceremony, officials cleanse their body and mind leather and wood. The eight elements used in this Palilmu, eight line dance (Photo by ICHCAP)

Sacred ritual music at a Confucian shrine (Photo by ICHCAP)

Jeonjak, offering liquor to the shrine (Photo by ICHCAP) Offering table of ceremonial food (Photo by ICHCAP)

6 | ICH COURIER

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 6 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:14 Windows to ICH

India Mudiyettu, Ritual Dance-Drama from Kerala Molly Kaushal (Associate Professor, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, India)

udiyettu is a ritual art form practiced in The ritual starts with the drawing of a large, Two people holding a curtain appear on the the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is impressive and ferocious image on the temple scene while the chorus of singers and musicians M performed annually in different villages floor of goddess Bhadra Kali holding multiple stand on one side singing invocation songs. This is throughout Kerala along the rivers, Chalakkudy Puzha, weapons. The number of hands of the goddess followed by the main performance which is held Periyar and Moovattupuzha among the Marar and determines the size of the drawing, which may be in the temple courtyard. The myth unfolds in the Kurup communities in venues known as 'bhagavati in the range of eight to thirty two hands or even form of a drama. The performers worship the lamp kavus', temples which are dedicated to the Hindu more, drawn in perfect symmetry in accordance and circumambulate the temple. Spectators join goddess Kali. The temple provides as the focal point with 'tantric' calculations. A three-dimensional the performers, running and dancing around the for this ritual and all villagers, irrespective of their caste, effect is illustrated on the ferocious figure by temple with a heightened sense of drama and participate and play a specific role in its organisation. placing two mounds of coloured powder on excitement. The demon is ultimately defeated and Mudiyettu is divided into two distinct roles. her breasts. Various colours prepared from rice, his headgear or 'mudi' is removed, signifying his The first concerns ritual worship and the second turmeric, charcoal, green leaves of two specific decapitation. This dramatic sequence ends with the involves the ritual enactment of a battle between trees and lime are used for this purpose. Wicker distribution of 'prasada', the ritual sacrament by the the goddess Kali and the demon Darika, a popular lamps and coconuts are placed at appropriate performers to the assembly in the form of flowers Hindu myth. According to the myth, a demon places to illuminate and decorate the drawing. and other materials. named Darika became extremely powerful after This auspicious drawing is called ‘kalam’. An It is believed that the performance of being blessed by god Brahma, who promised him elaborate ritual prayer, called 'kalam puja' is Mudiyettu purifies and rejuvenates the whole that he would never be defeated by any man living offered to the Bhadra Kali drawing accompanied community. The staging of this ritual promises in the fourteen worlds. Darika, armed with this by the singing of hymns called ‘kalam pattu’. a peaceful future for humanity conveying a blessing, conquered the world and even defeated These hymns describe the deity from head to toe. message synonymous with the Malyalam saying, Indra (the king of gods). When his atrocities became To commence the second part of the ritual - ‘kavu theendiyal kudivellum muttum’, which means, intolerable, Lord Shiva was requested by the divine the enactment of the Bhadra Kali myth - a lamp ‘destroy the kavu and the whole village will perish sage Narada to contain the menace. As Darika had that was used to illuminate the ‘kalam’ is brought to without water’. Kavu is a stretch of virgin land and blindly ignored the threat of ever being killed by a light the lamp at the performance arena because it is worshipped as an abode to the goddess. It is woman, Lord Shiva stated that he would die at the is believed that it carries the spirit of Bhadra Kali. The always protected from human encroachment. The hands of a woman born not among human beings, beating of performance drums is an open invitation performance of this ritual in a sense signifies the but the goddess herself. to all the devotees to witness the performance. protection of mother earth herself.

Demon Darika being vanquished by a goddess at the end of the performance (Photo courtesy of IGNCA)

VOL. 5 | 7

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 7 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:14 Field Report

Andong International Mask Dance Festival Kwon, Du-Hyun (Secretary General, International Mask Arts & Culture Organization)

Performance amphitheater, Andong International Mask Dance Festival (Photo by IMACO)

he Andong region has many highly and destruction of regional communities as well Festival in 1997. This festival was founded on renowned historic and cultural sites, such as the rise in globalisation and industrialisation. Hahwe masks and mask dances, and exhibits T as Hahoe Village, however, the major These phenomenon’s have incited communities features related to mask culture handed down cultural attraction of the region is the Andong to place more of an emphasis on attempting throughout the world and Korea. International Mask Dance Festival. to protect intangible cultural heritage with One of the most appealing and prominent Masks reflect characteristics of culture systemic safeguarding mechanisms. When programs of the Andong International Mask through various styles and shapes. The mask considering Korea in this aspect, a limited Dance Festival is the Hahwe mask dance. dance is an essential and ancient part of Korean amount of intangible cultural heritage elements This particular dance has become a brand for culture, and each locale throughout the country have the footing for transmission. Most elements representing Andong and its local citizens, has its own particular theme, style, and costume. of intangible cultural heritage are exhibited where they feel and exhibit pride as over 10 These dances are an important part of Korea’s and safeguarded through awareness raising teams perform this masked dance. Recently cultural heritage, in particular the byeolsingut mechanisms such as performance. For that this element of intangible cultural heritage of talnori dance, which has been designated an reason, festivals and community based events Korea has been taught in schools, subsequently Important Intangible Cultural Heritage of Korea. act as a platform for the acknowledgement and acting as a safeguarding measure of ICH. At this year’s International Mask Dance Festival, appreciation of certain elements of ICH. The Furthermore, there are roughly 20 traditional mask dance troupes were invited from various Andong International Mask Dance Festival is a mask dances handed down in Korea. Most of countries providing visitors to the event the good example of this. the traditional mask dances are performed opportunity of being exposed to folk cultures The town of Hahwe was recently designated at the Andong festival, drawing much public from around the world. as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Based on attention from domestic citizens as well as Recently, the transmission of traditional the Hahwe mask tradition, the town decided to international. Additionally, performances and culture has suffered due to the transformation establish the Andong International Mask Dance plays related to masks from various corners of

8 | ICH COURIER

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 8 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:15 Field Report

the world are invited to this festival. In other to many cultures, but none are the same. That meant to create a ‘world mask culture map’. Masks words, the Andong mask festival is a platform for is, masks demonstrate characteristics of cultural symbolise a particular culture and creating a map various kinds of masked heritage elements to be diversity respective to a particular country. In this of masks in relation to their region and cultural exhibited for the promotion of cultural diversity. regard, masks can be considered the ‘face’ of culture. spheres will not only raise awareness of cultural The performance of ICH elements is a Precisely based on this value and concept, IMACO characteristics respective of the country, but also popular method of safeguarding heritage was created in order to provide a forum for cultural regional trends. through awareness raising efforts and is possible understanding for the future. The Andong festival itself is outstanding. when there is a venue to link performers, IMACO is currently running three programs. It has become a site for the succession spectators, and interested individuals. Festivals One program is dedicated to collecting and of traditional intangible cultural heritage are representative venues of performance. The organising materials in relation to masks, including related to masks not only of Andong, but the freedom and relaxation felt during festivals their shape, correlating costumes, dramas, dances whole of Korea as well. This festival acts as becomes a forum for cultural understanding, and rituals to share them with people all over a forum for cultures of the world to gather establishing the ability to pass down elements of the world. The materials related to masks are also and contribute to a mutual understanding of intangible heritage. very meaningful to the culture and performance. the diversity and distinctiveness of cultures The Andong International Mask Dance Festival The second program was constructed to form worldwide. Furthermore, this forum provides founded the International Mask Art & Culture a network of people related to these cultural the opportunity to assess the efforts and tasks Organization (IMACO) to strengthen cultural elements. By connecting researchers, producers, necessary for the future of cultural diversity. activity among its members, to build a network artists, groups and museums, as well as providing The Andong festival should be observed and for international mask arts & culture based on this a forum for discussion, the prospect of later appreciated as a mechanism of awareness raising organisation, and to enhance knowledge of culture generations experiencing this aspect of cultural for intangible cultural heritage. related to masks. Masks are an important element heritage is more probable. The third program is

Phi Ta Khon Festival performers marching in a parade, Thailand (Photo by IMACO) IMACO International Conference, Bangkok 2009 (Photo by IMACO)

Performing Hahwe Byeolsingut Tallori, mask dance drama in Hahoe Children learning how to 'mask dance' Group photo at IMACO International Conference, 2009 (Photo by IMACO) (Photo by IMACO) (Photo by IMACO)

VOL. 5 | 9

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 9 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:18 Inventory–Making Efforts

ICH Inventory-Making Efforts in Tajikistan Faroghat Azizi (Deputy Minister, Ministry of Culture, Tajikistan)

ntangible Cultural Heritage is one of fragmentary and spontaneous. Convention are covered in our inventory. the most unprotected forms of artistic Safeguarding measures that previously The following criterion was used for the I heritage. Nowadays, in a globalising world existed were not complete and were inconsistent. inscription of elements of ICH inventory in where different cultures exist and interact, They were related to different levels and stages, Tajikistan: intangible cultural heritage requires our special specific fields, separate regions and archives, as attention. For Tajikistan, the first victory of well as heritage elements being manifested into • Significance of the element in a historical efforts put forth toward safeguarding ICH was different domains of the UNESCO classification sense for the people, its level of integrity for the acknowledgement of Shashmaqom as system. Safeguarding efforts were undertaken the duration of the historical period a masterpiece of human intangible cultural by governmental organisations, structural • Level of popularity among the population heritage by UNESCO. entities and units of the Ministry of Culture, • Availability of the element itself and/or its As you may be aware, on 23 February 2010, Research Institutes of the Academy of Sciences, own traditions at the 64th session of the UN General Assembly, and scientific production associations at the • Respectfulness to this particular element by unanimous decision, it was confirmed that 21 end of the 1990’s and beginning of the 21st March be declared ‘International Day of Navruz’. century. These inventory-making procedures Due to the results from the first stage of the The word ‘navruz‘ is a compound Tajik (Persian) were financially supported by the government inventorisation process, we now have the first word, one which is a fusion of two words, ‘nav‘ – of Tajikistan in addition to international funds version of the list of genres and forms of oral new and ‘ruz‘ – day, meaning new day of the new which were provided from organisations such as music, poetry, folklore, dances, plays, folk theatre, year. In any case, these days Navruz is a festival the Christensen Fund, Japanese Fund, Aga Khan folk circus, folk competitions, etc. celebrated by many countries in Central Asia Fund, and SDC. Tajikistan’s Ministry of Culture on- During the summer of 2010 we had two and one of the best displays of multinational site administration and departments of culture missions, one to Khatlon and the other to intangible cultural heritage. are responsible for designing renewed inventory Badakshon with the goal of executing tasks for At the present time, our country is systems in the country. All existing inventories developing a national inventory-making system. currently ratifying the 2003 Convention for the are digitalised by developers from the involved I should note that the local population was very Safeguarding of ICH. We are currently in the organisations under the Ministry of Culture. active in the national inventory-making process. beginning stages of renewing our countries They are available for public use if consent from We received significant support from the local present inventory system for intangible the developer is expressed and the materials population; every one showed support towards cultural heritage. Until recently, the process of are located at those specific organisations. safeguarding intangible cultural heritage preparation for the inventorying of ICH was All five domains of ICH presented in the 2003 by trying to find elements of ICH that were

1 2

10 | ICH COURIER

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 10 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:20 Inventory–Making Efforts

3

4

threatened or have disappeared. These efforts artistic phenomenon is an element of intangible display how the local population is ready to help cultural heritage. The system of ustod-shogird is collect and provide for the protection of ICH. where all forms of traditional artistic creativity of Main issues that exist in the inventory- the Tajik people are based and its revival ensures making process of Tajikistan are lack of an the viability of this element of intangible cultural institutional basis, shortage of financial means, heritage. insufficient involvement of local communities, Last year, the government adopted special and the need for qualified experts in the field of programmes such as, the ‘State Programme for ICH safeguarding and inventory-making. the Development of Culture for 2008-2015‘ (№ 85 Several decrees and programmes were 3 March 2007) and the ‘State Programme on the adopted by the government of Tajikistan in order Development of Artistic Craftsmanship for 2009- to safeguard ICH and provide viable measures to 2015‘ (№ 513 31 October 2008). No doubt, thanks carry out particular activities. For example, after to these government programmes the inventory- the establishment of several public holidays such making process will become more active.

as ‘The Day of Shashmaqom‘ and ‘The Day of 5 Falak‘ by the decree of the president of Tajikistan, as far as arts education goes, at the front burner is the educational institution ustod-shogird – a 1. Vanj cap (Photo by Faroghat Azizi) 2. Shughnan- girl in traditional dress and jewelry (Photo by Faroghat Azizi) traditional system of education. The ustod-shogird 3. Patterned basket of the Sabadbofi people (a community of Ishkashim) (Photo by Faroghat Azizi) educational institution historically belongs to the 4. Kurok embroideries are easily available in Tajikistan (Photo by Faroghat Azizi) Aryan civilisation, which was accepted by Islamic 5. Decorated musical instruments (Photo by Faroghat Azizi) culture after several centuries; this intellectual

VOL. 5 | 11

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 11 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:21 ICHCAP Inside

Field Survey on Intangible Cultural Heritage Safeguarding Efforts in Asia and the Pacific

not be completed without cooperation from the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts in Cambodia, Institute of Fijian Language and Culture, Mongolian National Commission for UNESCO, Office of the National Culture Commission in Thailand, the Ministry of Culture, Sports & Tourism in Vietnam, the National Commission of Uzbekistan for UNESCO and the International

Ovoo takhilga, worshipping of the sacred mountain Interview with an ICH Master in Cambodia Institute for Central Asian Studies. (Photo by the Mongolian National Commission for UNESCO) (Photo by the Ministry of Culture and Find Arts, Cambodia) Currently, seven field surveys are in progress in seven countries in close collaboration with the Introduction prepare a new survey for the accumulation of Centre for Research and Development of Culture nterest in the safeguarding of intangible more current data. in Indonesia, the National Commission for cultural heritage has continued to rise since Culture and the Arts of the Philippines, Shilpakala I the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Implementation Academy in Bangladesh, Odam va Olam in Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted by For implementation of the project, ICHCAP Tajikistan, the National Cultural Commission UNESCO Member States in 2003. developed a questionnaire under the supervision of Papua New Guinea, the National Library of The Asia-Pacific region is well known of several ICH experts. The questionnaire Bhutan, and the Nepal National Commission for for its distinctive and abundant intangible contains specific areas of research on the topic of UNESCO. heritage, however, due to industrialisation and ICH safeguarding systems & policies, intangible Each research team consisted of 4-10 urbanisation, much intangible heritage in the heritage inventory, relevant organisations, ICH researchers who shared duties to complete the region is now threatened. elements inscribed on the UNESCO Lists, Living given questionnaire. As ICHCAP prepares for the establishment Human Treasure systems as well as current issues of the International Information and Networking & urgent needs in the field of intangible heritage. Expected outcome Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in Asia and The questionnaire was developed in light ICHCAP believes that it is important to initiate the Pacific, a field survey project was designed of the necessity to collect practical data to projects like this in order to ensure and strengthen and carried out in the context of safeguarding lay the groundwork for further development capacity-building and public awareness-raising ICH within the framework of the 2003 Convention of safeguarding measures in the region. This activities. It will also reinforce links between civil, aiming towards collecting appropriate data information will be used as the starting point legal, cultural and economic bodies involved in regarding the current safeguarding efforts for from which ICHCAP will organise new projects orchestrated activities for the safeguarding of intangible heritage in the region. This project for the future. intangible heritage in the Asia-Pacific region. is planned to be implemented from 2009 until ICHCAP typically works with 6-8 countries As a result, projects are based on field surveys 2013. For this project, ICHCAP will continue to each year and conducts projects in collaboration conducted by ICH experts in each country work in collaboration with intangible heritage with corresponding institutes to the subject followed by the publication of report books. institutes from each country and various matter. Although each country has different Depending on the agreement with each institute, recommended experts in the field of ICH. conditions on the effort put forth for all or partial products will be available for the safeguarding their intangible heritage, they benefit of the public through the ICHCAP website. Objective are consistently acknowledging the value of Furthermore, each research team, along The goal of the projects is to collect data on intangible heritage and its contribution to with their final text is requested to submit visual current safeguarding efforts of ICH in the Asia- maintain cultural identity while undergoing the materials such as photos which are to be displayed Pacific region. In addition, we would like to take predicaments of modernisation. Despite the on the ICHCAP website. We expect this to this opportunity to build a network of concerned fact that general awareness about intangible contribute to the strengthening of the visibility of experts in the field of ICH among the region’s heritage is growing, most Asian-Pacific countries intangible cultural heritage throughout the region. Member States as to promote groundwork are not yet equipped with adequate policies, for the establishment of an informational and programmes and scientific methodologies, researching system for ICH data. particularly in the areas of inventory-making and ICHCAP has been preparing and documentation to sufficiently move forth with implementing this survey project since 2008 and safeguarding measures. These methodologies 2009. Regarding the preparation of the projects, are related to the preservation and transmission ICHCAP collected relevant data from reports, of intangible cultural heritage to the next workshop books, meeting resolutions, internet generation. databases, etc. While the information is valuable, In 2009, we worked with 6 countries, namely in many cases, the data is not accurate, nor up Cambodia, Fiji, Mongolia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Dong Trieu pottery in Quang Ninh Province, Vietman to date. This is a primary reason for ICHCAP to and Vietnam. These field survey projects could (Photo by Pham Cao Quy)

12 | ICH COURIER

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 12 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:22 Safeguarding Pioneers

Department of National Heritage in Malaysia: The Role of Conservation and Preservation of Heritage A Ghafar Bin Ahmad (Deputy Commissioner of Heritage, Department of National Heritage, Malaysia)

Mak Yong Theatre (Photo by A Ghafar Ahmad) Malay dance (Photo by A Ghafar Ahmad)

alaysia is a developing nation of Heritage who is appointed under the Act by the cultural heritage is Mak Yong, declared by UNESCO Southeast Asia. A few of their famous Minister, the Department of National Heritage is as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage M slogans reflect the diversity of its present the custodian of Malaysia’s rich and diversified of Humanity in November 2005. Mak Yong is an ethnic groups in terms of language, customs heritage. According to the Act, cultural heritage ancient form of dance-theatre which incorporates and traditions inherited from past generations, includes cultural property, structures or artefacts, elements of custom, stylised dance and acting, ‘One Malaysia‘ and ‘Malaysia Truly Asia‘. Malaysia’s performances, dances, songs and music that are vocal and instrumental music, stories, songs as cultural fusion is the result of immigration, trade pertinent to the history or contemporary way of well as formal and improvised spoken text. The and cultural exchanges over many centuries with life for Malaysians as well as land or underwater Mak Yong orchestra is made up of a three-stringed Arab nations, China, and India, where the arrival of cultural heritage of the tangible form. Whilst spiked fiddle(rebab) , double-headed barrel drums the first foreigners brought along with them their natural heritage includes natural features of (gendang) and hanging knobbed gongs (tetawak) wealth as well as their cultural heritage and religion. an area in Malaysia consisting of the earths accompanied by singing and dancing. Mak Yong's Presently, these ethnic groups still maintain their physical or biological formations or groups of singing and musical repertoire are unique and this cultural traditions, but managed to come together such formations, geological or physiographical integral element of Malaysia’s intangible cultural to develop Malaysia’s unique and contemporary features, mountains, rivers, streams, rock heritage was listed as a National Heritage under diverse heritage. formations, sea shores or any natural sites with the Act in 2007. In December 2005, the Parliament of Malaysia outstanding value from the point of view of The Department of National Heritage passed the National Heritage Act 2005 (Act 645); nature, science, history, conservation or natural has been at the forefront of promoting public an act that encompasses a broad dimension of beauty including flora and fauna. awareness for the cultural heritage of Malaysia. preservation, conservation and management of Malaysia’s intangible cultural heritage Their efforts include conserving buildings and the country’s natural and cultural heritage. The Act comprises of (i) oral traditions (phrases and idioms, monuments of historical, architectural and cultural provides for the preservation and conservation of chanted hymns, folktales, narrated myths and significance; promoting performance and visual national heritage, natural heritage, tangible and legends); (ii) performing arts (folk music, folk dances arts; organising exhibitions, seminars, workshops intangible cultural heritage, underwater cultural and dramatic performances); (iii) customs (rituals, and tours on heritage; publications, websites and heritage, treasure trove and related matters. The Act social practices including ceremonies and festivals) competitions; and establishing archaeological also considers all provisions of the (now defunct) and (iv) material folklore (functional objects made galleries. The Department of National Heritage Antiquities Act 1976 and Treasure Trove Act 1957. by folk groups). Various traditional art forms are has played a major role in conserving, preserving Antiquity matters which were once under the still practised including the Chinese opera, Indian and safeguarding Malaysia’s heritage with support auspices of the Department of Museums and dance, Malay dance and Malay martial arts called from the state government. To date, 173 heritage Antiquities is now under the patronage of the Silat. Festivals such as Hari Raya and Malaysia Fest items in Malaysia including buildings, objects, Department of National Heritage. are open for everyone inside and outside the intangible cultural heritage, archaeological sites The Department of National Heritage was community(ies) to enjoy. Malaysian handicrafts and living heritage treasures have been listed as established on 1 March 2006 under the National have been declared as ‘unique’ by the UNESCO- national heritage under the Act. The Department Heritage Act 2005. The Ministry of Information, AHPADA (ASEAN Handicraft Promotion and of National Heritage will strive to preserve and Communications and Culture is responsible for all Development Association). protect Malaysia’s natural and cultural heritage as heritage policies; headed by the Commissioner of One of Malaysia’s elements of intangible a legacy for future generations.

VOL. 5 | 13

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 13 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:23 Understanding ICH

Awareness Raising Activities through the 2003 UNESCO Convention

Raising awareness for intangible cultural threatening it, as well as the activities performed a. de-contextualize or denaturalize the heritage is one of the major objectives of the to carry out the ideals of the Convention through intangible cultural heritage manifestations Convention, where as Article 1 prescribes that formal and non-formal educational measures, or expressions concerned; the Convention shall ‘raise awareness at the use of community centres and associations, b.mark the communities, groups or local, national and international levels of the museums, archives and other similar entities, individuals concerned as not participating importance of the intangible cultural heritage, communication and media, as well as commercial in contemporary life, or harm in any way and of ensuring mutual appreciation thereof‘. activities related to intangible cultural heritage. their image; Furthermore, according to Article 14, it can be It also recommends that States Parties attempt c. contribute to justifying any form of achieved through each State Party’s efforts on to ensure, particularly through the application political, social, ethnic, religious, linguistic the development of education, awareness- of intellectual property rights, privacy rights and or gender-based discrimination; raising and informational programmes, any other appropriate form of legal protection, d. facilitate the misappropriation or abuse implementation of capacity-building activities, that the rights of the communities, groups and of the knowledge and skills of the and the dissemination of information on ICH. individuals which create, bear and transmit their communities, groups or individuals The General Assembly and the intangible cultural heritage are duly protected concerned; Intergovernmental Committee developed when raising awareness about their heritage or e. lead to over-commercialization or to continuous discussions on the topic of awareness engaging in commercial activities (VI.1.2 Local unsustainable tourism that may put at risk raising which finally reached a conclusion when and national levels). the intangible cultural heritage concerned. the Operational Directives on Raising Awareness At the international level, the Directives about Intangible Cultural Heritage was approved encourage the annual publication of the Urgent With the approval of the Directives, the General during the third ordinary session of the General Safeguarding List and the Representative List, as Assembly requested the Committee to apply them Assembly (Paris, France, 22 to 24 June 2010). well as the registration of programmes, projects, to its safeguarding activities and to report on the The Operational Directives are a compilation of activities and support for the widest possible implementation at the fourth session of the General guidelines for possible safeguarding activities at dissemination of the Lists through formal and Assembly (Resolution 3.GA 5). the local, national and international levels as well non-formal means. It is noted that care should as key points for carrying out these efforts. be given to presenting the elements in their The Operational Directives note that all original context and to focus on their value and States Parties should observe the following meaning for the communities concerned, rather principles when they engage in awareness than only focusing on their aesthetic appeal raising activities (IV.1.1 General Provisions): or entertainment value when publicising and disseminating information for the elements a. The intangible cultural heritage concerned inscribed on the Lists. responds to the definition in Article 2.1 of It additionally defines the functions of the the Convention; UNESCO Secretariat as assisting the Committee b. The communities, groups and, where in raising awareness of intangible cultural appropriate, individuals concerned have heritage by operating as a clearing house for given their free, prior and informed the collection, exchange and dissemination consent to raise awareness about their of information on intangible cultural heritage; intangible cultural heritage, and their facilitating the exchange of information widest possible participation in the among communities and groups, civil society, awareness-raising actions is ensured; non-governmental organisations, centres c. The awareness-raising actions fully respect of expertise, research institutes and other customary practices governing access entities with expertise or interest in the field to specific aspects of such heritage, in of intangible cultural heritage; and organising

particular secret and sacred aspects; and participating in workshops, seminars and Cover of the Info Kit Convention for the Safeguarding of the d. The communities, groups and, where international conferences in order to provide Intangible Cultural Heritage ⓒ Jean-Luc Manaud / Rapho/ Eyedea appropriate, individuals concerned shall information about the Convention (VI.1.3 benefit from the actions taken to raise International level). awareness about their intangible cultural The Directives not only provide guidelines *This article refers to the 2003 Convention, the heritage. for implementing awareness raising actions, Operational Directives (2010) and the Resolutions of the but it also encourages States Parties to bestow third session of the General Assembly. As for efforts carried out at the local and particular care to its activities (V.1.1 General national levels, the Operational Directives provision). propose that States Parties attempt to keep the public informed about the importance of All parties are encouraged to take particular care intangible cultural heritage and the dangers to ensure that awareness-raising actions will not:

14 | ICH COURIER

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 14 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:24 ICH News Briefs

[ICHCAP] Korean Expert Meeting for the The entire workshop was conducted in The Bureau of the fifth session of Safeguarding of ICH in the Asia-Pacific Region, the National Language of Bhutan known the Intergovernmental Committee met Andong, Korea as Dzongkha. The theme of the workshop for the first time on 27 November 2009 was ‘Conscious Harmonious Living’, for the purpose of evaluating requests The Korean Expert Meeting for the emphasising the importance of respect and for international assistance, including Safeguarding of ICH in the Asia-Pacific understanding towards culture. preparatory assistance (5.COM 1.BUR). Region was held in Andong, Korea from This workshop was the 8th of its kind 10 to 11 September. The Meeting was organised by the Department of Culture [UNESCO Bangkok] UNESCO Award of Excellence organised by ICHCAP in collaboration with and roughly forty participants selected from in Southeast Asia IMACO (International Mask Arts and Culture various Ministries and Departments were Organisation) and sponsored by Andong present. These participants were invited This year's evaluation of UNESCO’s Award of City and The World Confucianism Festival so as to bring back to their respective Excellence for the Southeast Asia programme Organising Committee. At this festival 34 Ministries and Departments information took place for the first time in Indonesia at renowned Korean scholars and experts and knowledge obtained at the workshop. the SMESCO-UKM Building in Jakarta on 22- presented the current status of scholastic At the end of the workshop, participants 23 September 2010. studies on ICH and discussed methods to expressed their appreciation and gratitude Jointly organised by the Indonesian strengthen cooperative measures among to the organising body for holding such an National Chapter of ASEAN Handicraft relevant actors in the field to safeguard ICH important workshop. Promotion and Development Association in the Asia-Pacific region. Presentations (AHPADA, Indonesia or INAC), UNESCO provided by the experts were organised [UNESCO] 5th Intergovernmental Committee Bangkok and Jakarta Offices, this year's into three main sessions: 1) Theoretical and Meeting in Nairobi programme was supported by the Indonesian practical approaches to intangible cultural Ministry of Cooperatives, Small and Medium heritage, 2&3) Current status and tasks of This year’s host for the fifth session of the Enterprises, the SMESCO-UKM Gallery, the scholastic studies on ICH in the Asia-Pacific: Intergovernmental Committee for the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry Music, Drama and Dance. The Meeting Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural of Industry, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry contributed to building a consensus on Heritage is Kenya. This fifth session will take of National Education, the Indonesian National international activities to safeguard ICH place in Nairobi, capital of the Republic of Commission for UNESCO, the Indonesian under the 2003 UNESCO Convention, the Kenya from 15 to 19 November 2010 at the National Crafts Council and members of INAC. revitalisation of scholastic studies in the field Kenyatta International Conference Centre. This year, 112 products of seven of ICH in the Asia-Pacific region, and building Decisions regarding elected members categories (Textile, Natural Fibres, Ceramics, networks among domestic experts. of the conference were declared at 4.COM Wood, Stone, Metals, Others) were proposed 23. The members of the Bureau of the fifth from nine countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, session of the Committee are: Dr Jacob Ole Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Miaron from Kenya as Chairperson; Cyprus, Thailand, Vietnam, Timor-Leste) and Croatia, Republic of Korea and Oman as Vice- evaluated by five international jury experts. Chairs; and Ms Margarita Ruiz Brandi from Participants to this event were judged Cuba as Rapporteur. in the category of excellence, authenticity, According to rule 12.2 of the Comm- innovation and marketability of the ittee’s Rules of Procedure, the Bureau ‘shall submitted products. Respect for the coordinate the work of the Committee and environment regarding materials and Korean Expert Meeting for the Safeguarding of ICH in fix the dates, times and order of business production techniques as well as social the Asia-Pacific Region in Andong(Photo by ICHCAP) of meetings. It shall exercise any other responsibility were taken into account as a duty entrusted to it by the Committee’. benchmark of the award. [Bhutan] Workshop on National Language in Paragraph 49 of the Operational Directives 19 products were awarded and were Bhutan designates the Bureau as the authorising given the opportunity to be exhibited at body to approve requests for international the Trade Expo in Jakarta from the 13 to 17 A workshop on the National Language assistance up to US $25,000 and paragraph October. During this event, the organising of Bhutan was recently held from 28 50 of the Operational Directives entrusts the committee officially announced the awarded September to 1 October 2010, organised Bureau with the legitimacy to evaluate and products on 15 October 2010. by the Division for Social Etiquette, the approve emergency requests greater than Furthermore, these products will be Department of Culture, and the Ministry of US $25,000. In case of extreme urgency, and presented at the BIG Fair Exhibition in Home and Cultural Affairs. This workshop in conformity with Criterion U.6, the Bureau Bangkok, Thailand scheduled for April 2011. was located in Central Bhutan in the district of the Committee may invite the State(s) of Bumthang. Bumthang is a city rich in Party(ies) concerned to submit a nomination [Tonga] Kava Kuo Heka Exhibition culture and is the resting place for many to the List of Intangible Heritage in Need temples, monasteries, and holy places of Urgent Safeguarding on an accelerated The Kava Kuo Heka Exhibition is a celebration where various spiritual personnel have schedule as stated in paragraph 33 of the of Tongan culture and was held on 10 October visited and lived. Operational Directives. 2010. The representative of UNESCO to the

VOL. 5 | 15

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 15 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:25 Pacific and the Director of the UNESCO Office (ICH), diversity of cultural expressions (DCE) Intensive Course for Cultural Heritage’ will be for the Pacific States in Apia, Samoa, Dr Visesio and underwater cultural heritage (UCH). held on 5 November 2010 in the auditorium Pongi, gave a donation of US $5,000 on behalf The Workshop addressed challenges and of the Training Center for Traditional Culture of the organisation towards the staging of the opportunities facing the Solomon Islands whose in Buyeo, Republic of Korea. Participants from Kava Kuo Heka Cultural Exhibition in July at cultures, with 87 different languages, are at a the UNESCO Member States in Asia and the the Fa'onelua Convention Centre. The Ministry crossroad between tradition and modernity. Pacific region were invited to participate in of Education, Women's Affairs and Culture, The Workshop consisted of UNESCO this course, they included: Cambodia, Fiji, Hon Rev Dr Tevlta Hala Palefau received the presentations on the 3 Conventions, Indonesia, Iran, India, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, donation on behalf of the Ministry. presentation by national experts on Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, In line with UNESCO's mandate, this different aspects of their ICH (pin pipe Tajikistan, Vietnam, and Uzbekistan. The key ‘International Year’ is both the culmination music and dance, shark calling, customary objective of this course was to strengthen of the International Decade for a Culture of laws, tattoo as traditional body arts, rituals networking among cultural heritage experts Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of for reconciliation), demonstration of ICH of governmental organisations and agencies the World (2001-2010) and the starting point practices and skills (shell ornament/money in the field of safeguarding cultural heritage of a new strategy. making and bride prize ceremony) and small in Asia and the Pacific. It provided a chance to Dr Pongi paints a rather bleak scenario group exercises to prepare draft cultural exchange knowledge and experience, discuss when countries do not see culture as a strategies in each field of ICH, DCE, and UCH. regional issues currently being faced and the developmental priority in its own right, but [Source: UNESCO Apia] tasks necessary for the search of solutions as often happens in developing countries, regarding ICH. It was conducted in three as just a component of a country's tourist [UNESCO Kabul] International Conference for sessions for the duration of two weeks with attraction. “The consequence of this is” Dr the Safeguarding of Afghan Cultural Heritage English as the official language. Pongi warned, “the tourists dollar decides for Sustainable Development Upon conclusion of the course, partici- what your culture is. That should never pants received certificates of completion for happen. Once the tourists decide what your The UNESCO Office in Kabul and Ministry their participation. culture is, then something is wrong.” of Information and Culture held the first The Kava Kuo Heka Exhibition is a International Conference since 2003 celebration of Tongan culture in all its for the Safeguarding of Afghanistan’s manifestations, and is expected to attract Cultural Heritage in Kabul from 18 to 20 exhibitors and participants all throughout October to highlight the important role of Tonga and abroad. culture in nation building and sustainable [Source: Tongan National Commission for development in Afghanistan. UNESCO] Afghan authorities, including Mr Sayed Makhdum Raheen, Minister of Information and Culture and Mr Sultan Husain Hesari, Closing ceremony of IICCH (Photo by ICHCAP) Minister of Urban Development as well as national and international experts from different agencies and universities came together to discuss the current condition OCT 2010 of cultural heritage in Afghanistan and PUBLISHER underlined the necessary steps that are to be Intangible Cultural Heritage Centre taken in the future. for Asia and the Pacific (ICHCAP) This is the first major conference on ADDRESS Afghanistan’s cultural heritage since 2003 82 Munji-ro Yuseong-gu and follows the high-level round table on Daejeon 305-380 Republic of Korea ‘Culture for Development,’ organised within TEL +82 42 820 3507 the framework of the UN Summit on the Kava Kuo Heka Exhibition ©UNESCO FAX +82 42 820 3500 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) [Solomon Islands] Workshop on Cultural Strategy which took place in New York from 20 to EMAIL [email protected] 22 September. The Ministry of Information WEBSITE www.ichcap.org At the request of the authorities of the and Culture aims to promote this as a forum EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER Se-Seop Lee Solomon Islands and as a follow up of the for dialogue on ‘culture for development in (President, Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation) Director-General's visit to the country in May Afghanistan’ to help set the agenda for the EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Seong-Yong Park 2010, a Workshop on the Cultural Strategy coming years for the integration of cultural EDITORIAL STAFF Weonmo Park, of the Solomon Islands was held in Honiara approaches to develop within existing Boyoung Cha, Jennifer Thayer from 18-21 October 2010. The Workshop development programs. DESIGN & PRINTING Yemack Korea was organised by the Ministry of Culture and [Source: UNESCO Kabul] ISSN 2092-7959 Tourism in cooperation with the Solomon The ICH Courier may be downloaded from Islands National Commission for UNESCO. [ICHCAP] Closing Ceremony of the International www.ichcap.org and reprinted free of charge The Workshop lasted four days and Intensive Course for Cultural Heritage provided the source is acknowledged. emphasised three important areas of the Printed on recycled paper culture, namely, intangible cultural heritage The closing ceremony of the ‘International

16 | ICH COURIER

아태뉴스레터vol.5.indd 16 2010-11-16 오후 4:02:26