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&KHP 1RPHQFODWXUH )DOO _________________________________________________________________________A. Binary Compounds - 2 nonmetallic elements 1. Name first element by element name 2. Name second element as a separate word with root and "ide" ending 3. Use prefixes di, tri, tetra, penta, etc. 4. There are exceptions Examples: CCl4 carbon tetrachloride P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide NO nitrogen oxide _________________________________________________________________________ B. Binary Salts - metal and nonmetal 1. Name metal by element name 2. Indicate oxidation number (charge) with a Roman numeral in parentheses if metal has more than one oxidation state- most p, d and f-block metals 3. Name the second element as a separate word with root and "ide" ending 4. There are exceptions Examples: MgCl2 magnesium chloride MnI3 manganese(III) iodide AlBr3 aluminum bromide Ca3N2 calcium nitride FeO iron(II) oxide _________________________________________________________________________C. Acids i) Oxyacids 1. Learn these five acids as exemplary for the acids of element below them in the Periodic Chart (exception: nitric acid) HClO3 chloric acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid H3PO4 phosphoric acid HNO3 nitric acid H2CO3 carbonic acid 2. Learn the system of prefixes and suffixes as in the following HBrO4 perbromic acid (one more oxygen than bromic acid) HBrO3 bromic acid HBrO2 bromous acid (one less oxygen than bromic acid) HBrO hypobromous acid (two less oxygens than bromic acid) Examples: HNO2 nitrous acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid HClO4 perchloric acid ii) Halogen acids (only in aqueous solution) use the prefix hydro- and the suffic -ic Examples: HCl (aq) hydrochloric acid HBr (aq) hydrobromic acid HBr hydrogen bromide (see part A) _________________________________________________________________________ D. Salts of oxyacids 1. Name cation first 2. Name the oxyanion as a separate word To name the oxyanion: Start with the complementary acid Change the "ic" suffix to "ate" and the "ous" to "ite" Examples: NaClO2 sodium chlorite Mn(BrO)2 maganese (II) hypobromite Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfate.

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Compound Name
Indicate Type of Compound: Compound Name Write your answer here I = ionic, A= acid, M = molecular manganese (II) bromite I Mn(BrO2)2 manganese (II) phosphite I Mn3(PO3)2 rubidium sulfite I Rb2SO3 hydroselenic acid A H2Se(aq) sodium perbromate I NaBrO4 cobalt (III) chromate I Co2(CrO4)3 antimony (V) nitrite I Sb(NO2)5 chloric acid A HClO3(aq) pentaselenium decabromide M Se5Br10 disulfur decachloride M S2Cl10 nickel (III) nitrate I Ni(NO3)3 copper (II) bromide I CuBr2 nickel (II) hydrogen phosphate I NiHPO4 iron (II) hydrogen sulfate I Fe(HSO4)2 bismuth (V) acetate I Bi(C2H3O2)5 sulfurous acid A H2SO3(aq) sulfuric acid A H2SO4(aq) nickel (II) chloride I NiCl2 tin (IV) phosphate I Sn3(PO4)4 mercury (I) iodate I Hg2(IO3)2 Compound Indicate Type of Compound: Write your answer here Formula I = ionic, A= acid, M = molecular Co(HCO3)2 I (with VOS metal) cobalt (II) hydrogen carbonate Cs2S I cesium sulfide Ca(IO2)2 I calcium iodite Ba2C I barium carbide Mn(CO3)2 I (with VOS metal) manganese (IV) carbonate CuBrO2 I (with VOS metal) copper (I) bromite AgHS I silver hydrogen sulfide C9N10 M nonacarbon decanitride CrI2 I (with VOS metal) chromium (II) iodide Mg(NO3)2 I magnesium nitrate HC2H3O2 (aq) A acetic acid HClO2 (aq) A chlorous acid Be(IO4)2 I beryllium periodate HIO4(aq) A periodic acid BaO I barium oxide Cd(BrO3)2 I cadmium bromate Bi(CN)5 I (with VOS metal) bismuth (V) cyanide AuHS I (with VOS metal) gold (I) hydrogen sulfide AuClO I (with VOS metal) gold (I) hypochlorite Na2CO3 I sodium carbonate Indicate Type of Compound: Compound Name
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US3085854.Pdf
3,085,854 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 16, 1963 2 3,085,854 the production of alkali bromite solutions of higher con PRODUCTION OF BROMINE OXYGEN centrations is a practical possibility, and they have suc COMPOUNDS ceeded in preparing, from such solutions, crystallized al Jean Meybeck, Mulhouse, René Kircher, Argenteuil, and kali bromite which was never previously produced. Jacqueline Leclerc, Paris, France, assignors to Societe We have further discovered that alkali-earth bromites d’Etudes Chimiques Pour Industrie Agriculture, could be prepared in a similar way. The existence of Paris, France these compounds has never been mentioned in the litera Filed Apr. 19, 1957, Ser. No. 654,041. ture of which the applicants are aware, whether in solu Claims priority, application France Apr. 24, 1956 tion or in solid form. 20 (Caims. (C. 23-85) 0 Since the general conditions for preparing concentrated This invention relates to a method for producing con solutions both of alkali and alkali-earth bromites are ceiltrated solutions of metal bromites and to alkali metal broadly the same, the said general conditions will be and alkaline earth metal salts of bromous acid produced disclosed hereinafter without the particular cation con by this method. templated being specifically pointed out. To clarify the Various authorities have shown that solutions of alkali 5 description however, some typical numerical data will be hypobromites when subjected to suitable conditions evolve given by way of illustration, which relates to sodium, it gradually to a condition wherein the hypobromite is par being understood that the sodium cation is selected for tially converted to the corresponding bromite.
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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0110070 A1 Vuorinen Et Al
US 201401 10070A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0110070 A1 Vuorinen et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 24, 2014 (54) METHOD FORCATALYTICOXIDATION OF (30) Foreign Application Priority Data CELLULOSE AND METHOD FOR MAKINGA CELLULOSE PRODUCT Jun. 9, 2011 (FI) ...................................... 2O115566 (75) Inventors: Tapani Vuorinen, Espoo (FI); Timo Publication Classification Paikkönen, Helsinki (FI); Markus Nuopponen, Helsinki (FI) (51) Int. Cl. D2C3/00 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION, (52) U.S. Cl. Helsinki (FI) CPC ...................................... D21C3/003 (2013.01) USPC ............................. 162/60: 162/73; 162/181.1 (21) Appl. No.: 14/124,520 (57) ABSTRACT (22) PCT Filed: Jun. 8, 2012 In a method for catalytic oxidation of cellulose a heterocyclic nitroxyl radical is used as catalyst, hypochlorite is used as (86). PCT No.: PCT/F2012/050573 main oxidantacting as oxygen Source, and a tertiary amine or S371 (c)(1), chlorine dioxide as an activator of the heterocyclic nitroxyl (2), (4) Date: Dec. 6, 2013 radical. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 1 of 11 US 2014/0110070 A1 & (pulp 10) conventional NaBr assisted TEMPO oxidation S (pulp 26) hexamethylenetetram ine assisted TEMPO oxidation : (pulp 31) DABCO assisted TEMPO oxidation X (pulp 36) duinuclidine y s y * Ys S s assisted TEMPO O 50 1OO 150 2OO 250 oxidation Time, min FIG. 1 Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 2 of 11 US 2014/0110070 A1 60 due Š (pulp. 18) duinuclidine assisted TEMPO oxidation (5.3 mmol NaClO/g pulp) ... (pulp 20) quinuclidine aSSisted TEMPO oxidation (7.1 mmol NaClO/g pulp) Time, min FIG 2 time, min FIG.
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Forwards NPDES Permit Application for Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Salem Township,Luzerne County,PA
P'R.IC3R.l I"V (ACCELERATED RIDS PROCESSING) REGULATORY INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (RIDS) NBR: 9407250212 DOC. DATE: 94/07/15 NOTARIZED: NO DOCKET FACIL:50-387 Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Unit 1, Pennsylva 05000387 50-388 Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Unit 2, Pennsylva 05000388 AUTH.NAME 'UTHOR AFFILIATION FXELDS,J.S. Pennsylvania Power 6 Light Co. RECXP.NAME RECIPIENT AFFILIATION NOTES'CCESSIONCROWLEY,K. Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of wp-W+ SUBJECT: Forwards NPDES permit application for Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Salem Township,Luzerne County,PA. DISTRIBUTION CODE: IE23D COPIES RECEIVED:LTR ENCL SIZE: TITLE: Environmental Event Report (per Tech Specs)f g RECIPIENT COPIES RECXPIENT COPIES ID CODE/NAME LTTR ENCL ID CODE/NAME LTTR ENCL PD1-2 PD 1 1 POSLUSNY,C 1 1 INTERNAL: ACRS 5 5 9 ILRB 1 1 OGC/HDS2 1 1 REG FILE 01 1 1 RGN1 1 1 EXTERNAL: NRC PDR 1 1 NSIC 1 1 NOTE TO ALL"RIDS" RECIPIENTS: PLEASE HELP US TO REDUCE WASTE! CONTACTTHE DOCUMENTCONTROL DESK, ROOM PI-37 (EXT. 504-2083 ) TO ELIMINATEYOUR NAME FROM DISTRIBUTIONLISTS FOR DOCUMENTS YOU DON'T NEED! TOTAL NUMBER OF COPIES REQUIRED: LTTR 13 ENCL 13 0' 0 II ~ t N Pennsylvania Power 8 Light Company Two North Ninth Street ~ Allentown, PA 18101-1179 ~ 610/774-5151 July 15, 1994 Ms. Kate Crowley Regional Water Quality Manager Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources 90 East Union Street, 2nd Floor Wilkes-Barre, PA 18701-3296 SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION RENEWALAPPLICATION FOR NATIONALPOLLUTION DISCHARGE ELIMINATIONPERMIT PERMIT NO. 0047325 CCN 741326 FILE R9-8A PLE- 17914 Dear IVls.
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CH 2 100 Comp'ds AK.Doc Page 1 of 5 Jan
Answer Key: Nomenclature worksheet: Answer 1 potassium sulfide K2S 2 iron(III)iodide FeI3 3 silver chloride AgCl 4 nickel(III) carbonate Ni2(CO3)3 5 mercury(II) hypobromite Hg(OBr)2 6 sulfuric acid H2SO4(aq) 7 aluminum sulfite Al2(SO3)3 8 tin(II) bromide SnBr2 9 disulfur dichloride S2Cl2 10 nitrous acid HNO2(aq) 11 bromine trichloride BrCl3 12 magnesium nitride Mg3N2 13 barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 14 calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 15 copper(II) acetate Cu(C2H3O2)2 16 potassium permanganate KMnO4 17 hydrochloric acid HCl(aq) 18 manganese(II) iodite Mn(IO2)2 19 dinitrogen oxide N2O 20 silver acetate AgC2H3O2 21 zinc chromate ZnCrO4 Created by Pinar Alscher CH 2 100 comp'ds AK.doc Page 1 of 5 Jan. 31, 09 22 periodic acid HIO4(aq) 23 chlorous acid HClO2(aq) 24 beryllium periodate Be(IO4)2 25 Nickel(II) perbromate Ni(BrO4)2 26 ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 27 ammonium chromate (NH4)2CrO4 28 acetic acid HC2H3O2(aq) 29 potassium perchlorate KClO4 30 tin (II) permanganate Sn(MnO4)2 31 calcium carbonate CaCO3 32 Nickel (III) iodite Ni(IO2)3 33 Xenon trioxide XeO3 34 Sulfur tetrafluoride SF4 35 mercury (I) chloride Hg2Cl2 36 nitrogen monoxide NO 37 rubidum hydrogen carbonate RbHCO3 38 hydrobromic acid HBr(aq) 39 ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 40 aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 41 ammonium iodide NH4I 42 zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 43 aluminum hydrogen phosphate Al2(HPO4)3 44 iodine heptafluoride IF7 Created by Pinar Alscher CH 2 100 comp'ds AK.doc Page 2 of 5 Jan.
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NIST–JANAF Thermochemical Tables for the Bromine Oxides
NIST–JANAF Thermochemical Tables for the Bromine Oxides Cite as: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, 1069 (1996); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555993 Submitted: 25 July 1995 . Published Online: 15 October 2009 M. W. Chase ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables for Oxygen Fluorides Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, 551 (1996); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555992 NIST–JANAF Thermochemical Tables for the Iodine Oxides Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, 1297 (1996); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555994 JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 1982 Supplement Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 11, 695 (1982); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555666 Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, 1069 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555993 25, 1069 © 1996 American Institute of Physics for the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST -JANAF Thermochemical Tables for the Bromine Oxides Malcolm W. Chase Standard Reference Data Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Received July 25, 1995; revised manuscript received May I, 1996 The thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties of the bromine. oxide species have been reviewed. Recommended NIST -JANAF Thermochemical Tables are given for six gaseous bromine oxides: BrO, OBrO, BrOO, BrOBr, BrBrO, and Br03' Sufficient information is not available to generate thermochemical tables for any condensed phase species. Annotated bibliographies (over 280 references) are provided for all neutral bromine oxides which have been reported in the literature. There are needs for additional experimental and theoretical data to reduce the uncertainties in the recommended values for these six species.
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Why the Acidity of Bromic Acid Really Matters for Kinetic Models Of
dynam mo ic er s h & Glaser etal., J Thermodyn Catal 2013, 4:1 T f C o a DOI: 10.4172/2157-7544.1000e115 t l a a l Journal of y n r s i u s o J ISSN: 2157-7544 Thermodynamics & Catalysis Editorial OpOpenen Access Access Why the Acidity of Bromic Acid Really Matters for Kinetic Models of Belousov-Zhabotinsky Oscillating Chemical Reactions Rainer Glaser*, Marco Delarosa and Ahmed Olasunkanmi Salau Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA -14 The cerium-catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillating reaction ion product of water (Kw=10 ). H2A denotes the diprotic sulfuric acid [1-4] and its variants (Fe [5,6], Ru [7,8], Mn [9-11]) are inherently H2SO4 and we employed acidity constants pKa1,1=-3 (a lower bound) connected to the chemistry of bromine oxoacids HBrOx. The and pKa1,2=+2 for the first and second dissociations of sulfuric acid growing interest in nonlinear chemical systems [12-14] has provided [43,44]. HB denotes the monoprotic acid HBrO3 and we evaluated the strong incentives to study bromine chemistry, and especially the four cases for integer values of pKa2 between +3 and -3 to cover the disproportionation of bromous acid has been studied in great detail entire range of reported experimental pKa2 values (vide supra). The [15-29]. The bromine chemistry of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction most pertinent results of the simulations are summarized in table 1. (BZR) involves hypobromous acid HOBr (1), bromous acid HOBrO In supporting information we provide more extensive tables (Tables (2) and bromic acid HBrO3 (3), and the disproportionation reaction of S1 – S4) and these also include the results of the simulations without bromous acid (R4) is a key step.
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Element Symbols & Names Cations Latin System Stock System
Element Symbols & Names Cations H hydrogen H+ hydrogen ion Li lithium Li + lithium ion Na sodium (natrium) Na + sodium ion K potassium (kalium) K+ potassium ion Rb rubidium Rb + rubidium ion Cs cesium Cs + cesium ion Be beryllium Be 2+ beryllium ion Mg magnesium Mg 2+ magnesium ion Ca calcium Ca 2+ calcium ion Sr strontium Sr 2+ strontium ion Ba barium Ba 2+ barium ion Al aluminum Al 3+ aluminum ion Ag silver (argentum) Ag + silver ion Zn zinc Zn 2+ zinc ion Cd cadmium Cd 2+ cadmium ion Sc scandium Sc 3+ scandium ion Ga gallium Ga 3+ gallium ion Stock System Latin System Ti titanium Ti 3+ titanium(III) ion titanous ion Ti 4+ titanium(IV) ion titanic ion V vanadium V3+ vanadium(III) ion vanadous ion V5+ vanadium(V) ion vanadic ion Cr chromium Cr 2+ chromium(II) ion chromous ion Cr 3+ chromium(III) ion chromic ion Mn manganese Mn 2+ manganese(II) ion manganous ion Mn 3+ manganese(III) manganic ion Fe iron (ferrum) Fe 2+ iron(II) ion ferrous ion Fe 3+ iron(III) ion ferric ion Co cobalt Co 2+ cobalt(II) ion cobaltous ion Co 3+ cobalt(III) ion cobaltic ion Ni nickel Ni 2+ nickel(II) ion nickelous ion Ni 3+ nickel(III) ion nickelic ion Cu copper (cuprum) Cu + copper(I) ion cuprous ion Cu 2+ copper(II) ion cupric ion Au gold (aurum) Au + gold(I) ion aurous ion Au 3+ gold(III) ion auric ion 2+ Hg mercury (hydrargyrum) Hg 2 mercury(I) ion mercurous ion Hg 2+ mercury(II) ion mercuric ion Sn tin (stannum) Sn 2+ tin(II) ion stannous ion Sn 4+ tin(IV) ion stannic ion Pb lead (plumbum) Pb 2+ lead(II) ion plumbous ion Pb 4+ lead(IV) ion plumbic ion
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2. Chemistry of Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-Products
2. CHEMISTRY OF DISINFECTANTS AND DISINFECTANT BY-PRODUCTS 2.1 Background The use of chlorine (Cl2) as a water disinfectant has come under scrutiny because of its potential to react with natural organic matter (NOM) and form chlorinated disinfectant by-products (DBPs). Within this context, NOM serves as the organic DBP precursor, whereas bro- mide ion (Br–) serves as the inorganic precursor. Treatment strategies generally available to water systems exceeding drinking-water standards include removing DBP precursors and using alternative disinfectants for primary and/or secondary (distribution system) disinfection. Alternative disinfectant options that show promise are chloramines (NH2Cl, monochloramine), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone (O3). While ozone can serve as a primary disinfectant only and chloramines as a secondary disinfectant only, both chlorine and chlorine dioxide can serve as either primary or secondary disinfectants. Chloramine presents the significant advantage of virtually elimi- nating the formation of chlorination by-products and, unlike chlorine, does not react with phenols to create taste- and odour-causing com- pounds. However, the required contact time for inactivation of viruses and Giardia cysts is rarely obtainable by chloramine post-disinfection at existing water treatment facilities (monochloramine is significantly less biocidal than free chlorine). More recently, the presence of – – nitrifying bacteria and nitrite (NO2 ) and nitrate (NO3 ) production in chloraminated distribution systems as well as the formation of organic chloramines have raised concern. The use of chlorine dioxide, like chloramine, can reduce the formation of chlorinated by-products during primary disinfection. However, production of chlorine dioxide, its decomposition and reaction with NOM lead to the formation of by-products such as – chlorite (ClO2 ), a compound that is of health concern.
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Ryoichi Hashimoto, Wakayama (LP): a . C. S
USOO7604751B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,604,751 B2 Yoneda et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 20, 2009 (54) POLISHING LIQUID COMPOSITION 5,741,765 A 4/1998 Leach ........................ 510,123 5,783,489 A * 7/1998 Kaufman et al. ............ 438,692 (75) Inventors: Yasuhiro Yoneda, Wakayama (JP); 5,916,855 A 6/1999 Avanzino et al. Ryoichi Hashimoto, Wakayama (LP): WW - A . C. S.allal Gal. m........... Toshiya Hagihara, Wakayama (JP) 6,136,711 A * 10/2000 Grumbine et al. ........... 438,692 6,383,240 B1 5, 2002 Nishimoto et al. (73) Assignee: Kao Corporation, Tokyo (JP) 6,447,563 B1* 9/2002 Mahulikar ................... 51.309 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 EP O 811 665 12/1997 U.S.C. 154(b) by 142 days. JP 11 116942 4f1999 JP 11-116948 A 4f1999 (21) Appl. No.: 11/434,074 JP 2000-252243 A 9, 2000 JP 2001-187877 T 2001 (22) Filed: May 16, 2006 WO WOOOOO561 A1 1, 2000 WO WOOO,398.44 T 2000 (65) Prior Publication Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS US 2006/024O672 A1 Oct. 26, 2006 U.S. Appl. No. 60/105.366, filed Oct. 23, 1998, by Malulikar, priority Related U.S. Application Data filing for USPN 6447,563, noted above.* Chemindustry.com; Synonyms for CAS Registry 6419-19-8; May 8, (62) Division of application No. 10/030,424, filed as appli 2005.* cation No. PCT/JP00/04571 on Jul. 7, 2000, now Pat.
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Disproportionation of Bromous Acid Hobro by Direct O‑Transfer and − Via Anhydrides O(Bro)2 and Bro Bro2
Article pubs.acs.org/JPCA Disproportionation of Bromous Acid HOBrO by Direct O‑Transfer and − via Anhydrides O(BrO)2 and BrO BrO2. An Ab Initio Study of the Mechanism of a Key Step of the Belousov−Zhabotinsky Oscillating Reaction Rainer Glaser*,† and Mary Jost† † Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: The results are reported of an ab initio study of the thermo- chemistry and of the kinetics of the HOBrO disproportionation reaction 2HOBrO ⇄ ′ * (2) HOBr (1) + HBrO3 (3), reaction (R4 ), in gas phase (MP2(full)/6-311G ) and aqueous solution (SMD(MP2(full)/6-311G*)). The reaction energy of bromous acid disproportionation is discussed in the context of the coupled reaction system R2−R4 of the FKN mechanism of the Belousov−Zhabotinsky reaction and considering the acidities of HBr and HOBrO2. The structures were determined of ten dimeric aggregates 4 of bromous acid, (HOBrO)2, of eight mixed aggregates 5 formed between the products of disproportionation, (HOBr)(HOBrO2), and of four transition states structures 6 for disproportionation by direct O-transfer. It was found that the condensation of two HOBrO molecules provides facile access to bromous acid anhydride 7, O(BrO)2. A discussion of the potential energy surface of Br2O3 shows that O(BrO)2 is prone to − isomerization to the mixed anhydride 8, BrO BrO2, and to dissociation to 9, BrO, and 10, BrO2, and their radical pair 11. Hence, three possible paths from O(BrO)2 to the products of disproportionation, HOBr and HOBrO2, are discussed: (1) ﬀ − hydrolysis of O(BrO)2 along a path that di ers from its formation, (2) isomerization of O(BrO)2 to BrO BrO2 followed by hydrolysis, and (3) O(BrO)2 dissociation to BrO and BrO2 and their reactions with water.
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A Mild and Efficient Method for the Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols By
Tetrahedron Letters 48 (2007) 3681–3684 A mild and eﬃcient method for the oxidation of benzylic alcohols by two-phase electrolysis Thasan Raju,* Sankar Manivasagan, Balachandran Revathy, Kumarasamy Kulangiappar and Arunachalam Muthukumaran Electroorganic Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India Received 5 January 2007; revised 14 March 2007; accepted 22 March 2007 Available online 25 March 2007 Abstract—Electrochemical oxidation of benzylic and substituted benzylic alcohols by two-phase electrolysis yields the correspond- ing aldehydes as products. The reaction was carried out in a single compartment cell with platinum electrodes at room temperature in chloroform using an aqueous sodium bromide solution (25%) containing a catalytic amount of HBr. The two-phase electrolysis resulted in high yields (74–96%) of benzaldehyde from primary alcohols and secondary alcohols were oxidized to the corresponding ketone but only in low yields under these conditions. Ó 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. The oxidation of alcohols is an important transforma- dized alcohols with electro-generated hypobromite as tion in laboratory and industrial synthetic chemistry, an emulsion using a quaternary ammonium salt as the as the corresponding carbonyl compounds can be used phase-transfer agent. As the electrolysis was conducted as important and versatile intermediates for the synthe- in an emulsion phase, the voltage was high due to the sis of ﬁne chemicals.1–3 Numerous oxidizing reagents poor electrical conductivity of the organic solvent and such as chromium(VI) oxide, permanganates, ruthe- ultimately the process was not economic. Recently, nium(VIII) oxide and dichromates have been employed nitroxyl radicals, that is, N-oxyl compound-mediated to accomplish these transformations.
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