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Casa De Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Das Ciências E Da Saúde Casa de Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde REBECA CAPOZZI EXPERIÊNCIA E DESCRIÇÃO: OS ANIMAIS DA FRANÇA EQUINOCIAL ENTRE A ATIVIDADE FRANCISCANA E A FILOSOFIA NATURAL (1612-1615) Rio de Janeiro 2021 II REBECA CAPOZZI EXPERIÊNCIA E DESCRIÇÃO: OS ANIMAIS DA FRANÇA EQUINOCIAL ENTRE A ATIVIDADE FRANCISCANA E A FILOSOFIA NATURAL (1612-1615) Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre. Área de Concentração: História das Ciências. Orientadora: Profa Dra. Lorelai Brilhante Kury Rio de Janeiro 2021 III REBECA CAPOZZI EXPERIÊNCIA E DESCRIÇÃO: OS ANIMAIS DA FRANÇA EQUINOCIAL ENTRE A ATIVIDADE FRANCISCANA E A FILOSOFIA NATURAL (1612-1615) Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre. Área de Concentração: História das Ciências. BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof.a Dra. Lorelai Brilhante Kury (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz) Prof. Dr. Amilcar Torrão Filho (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo) Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Bentes Monteiro (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense) Prof.a Dra. Kaori Kodama (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz) Suplentes: Prof.a Dra.. Heloisa Meireles Gesteira (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) Prof. Dr. Flavio Coelho Edler (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz) Rio de Janeiro 2021 IV Ficha Catalográfica C246e Capozzi, Rebeca. Experiência e descrição : os animais da França Equinocial entre a atividade franciscana e a filosofia natural (1612-1615) / Rebeca Capozzi ; orientada por Lorelai Brilhante Kury. – Rio de Janeiro : s.n., 2021. 262 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História das Ciências e da Saúde). – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, 2021. Bibliografia: 235-250f. 1. História das Ciências. 2. História Natural. 3. Catolicismo. 4. História do Século XVII. 5. Brasil. 6. França. CDD 509 Catalogação na fonte – Marise Terra Lachini – CRB6-351 V AGRADECIMENTOS Esta pesquisa foi financiada pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). Agradeço à minha orientadora Lorelai Brilhante Kury, pelas orientações, direcionamentos e pela sua confiança no meu trabalho. Aos professores(as)/pesquisadores(as) da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz (COC), com os quais aprendi sobre História das Ciências e da Saúde no Brasil e no mundo. A banca de qualificação, composta pelos professores doutores Rodrigo Bentes Monteiro e Flávio Coelho Edler, pelas indicações e sugestões que me foram dadas. Aos funcionários(as) da secretaria do PPGHCS. Aos membros do Centro de Estudos dos Animais (CEA), do qual faço parte, pelo apoio e incentivo. Aos amigos e colegas que conheci no mestrado, com os quais pude aprender e conversar ao longo dos semestres, especialmente à Maria Carolina, ao José Roberto e ao Gabriel, pelas conversas, indicações e pela força que me deram durante a produção deste trabalho. À minha amiga Caroline, com quem venho crescendo pessoal e profissionalmente. Ao meu esposo Jorge, por ser meu cúmplice e companheiro de estudos, por me apoiar e me ajudar emocionalmente e por compartilhar comigo o nosso projeto de divulgação científica no YouTube, canal Tópicos em História das Ciências, que muito tem nos inspirado desde sua criação. Às nossas filhas caninas Bertha e Sasha, que mantêm a casa cheia de vida, a vida ainda mais cheia de afeto e pelas lições que elas têm me ensinado. Aos meus pais Nilson e Regiane, ao meu irmão Nicolas, aos meus sogros Jorge e Leni e à todos os meus familiares, pelo apoio e dedicação que têm me dado em relação à pós- graduação e aos projetos pessoais. VI Nature is not silent but speaks to us everywhere and teaches the observant man many things if she finds him attentive and receptive. ERASMUS Desiderius. The Godly Feast In The Colloquies of Erasmus. (1965 [1522]): 48-49. VII RESUMO Esta pesquisa busca estudar as descrições dos animais feitas pelos franceses durante o processo de fundação da França Equinocial, segunda colônia francesa estabelecida no Brasil, e colonização do Maranhão e adjacências. Essa empresa colonial durou de 1611, quando partiram os navios da França ao norte do Brasil, até 1615, com a expulsão dos franceses da breve colônia, após a batalha de Guaxenduba, travada entre franceses e portugueses, junto de seus respectivos aliados ameríndios. Ao longo desta dissertação, analisamos as relações da missão capuchinha na França Equinocial, escritas por Claude d’Abbeville (?-1632) e Yves d’Évreux (1577-1632) e intituladas Histoire de la mission des Péres capucins em l’isle de Maragnon et terres cirvovisions (1614) e Voyage dans le nord du Brésil fait durant les années 1613 et 1614 (1864 [1615]) respectivamente. Ademais, investigamos as cartas que foram trocadas entre os missionários e seus pares ao longo da sua estadia no Maranhão, e depois reunidas na obra Discours et congratulations à la France sur l'arrivée des Pères capucins en l'Inde nouvelle de l'Amérique méridionale, en la terre du Brésil (1613) e um grupo de desenhos que foram, possivelmente, produzido pelos franceses, à comando do militar e explorador Charles Des Vaux – que também participou dessa empresa colonial –, mas que foram apropriados pelos portugueses e publicados séculos depois, em 1967, no livro História dos Animais e das Árvores do Maranhão, atribuído à Cristóvão de Lisboa. Este, por sua vez, foi um missionário português que atuou no Maranhão alguns anos depois do fim da França Equinocial. Partimos das discussões sobre ciência, papeis históricos e natureza feitas pela História das Ciências, em diálogo com a Epistemologia Histórica, a História dos Animais e a História Colonial. Procuramos investigar as formas de conhecer a natureza e o papel dos animais nos registros franceses para a constituição do conhecimento natural sobre o Maranhão no início da época moderna. VIII SOMMAIRE Cette recherche vise à étudier les descriptions d'animaux faites par les Français lors du processus de fondation de la France Equinociale, deuxième colonie française établie au Brésil, et de la colonisation du Maranhão et des environs. Cette entreprise coloniale dure de 1611, lorsque les navires de la France partent au nord du Brésil, jusqu'en 1615, avec l’expulsion des Français de la brève colonie, après la bataille de Guaxenduba, combattu entre les Français et les Portugais avec leurs alliés amérindiens respectifs. Tout au long de cette thèse, nous avons analysé les relations de la mission capucine en France équinoxiale, rédigés par Claude d’Abbeville (? -1632) et Yves d’Évreux (1577-1632) et intitulés Histoire de la mission des Pères capucins à l’isle de Maragnan et terres cirvovisions (1614) et Voyage dans le nord du Brésil fait durant les années 1613 et 1614 (1864 [1615]), respectivement. De ples, nous enquêtons les lettres qui ont été échangées entre les missionnaires et leurs pairs lors de votre spéjour à Maranhão, puis rassemblées dans l’ouvrage Discours et félicitations à France sur l’arrivée des Pères capucins em l’Inde nouvelle de l’Amérique méridionale, em la terre du Brésil (1613) et en groupe de dessins qui ont peut-être été réalisés par les Français au commandement de l’armée et l’explorateur Charles Des Vaux – qui participa également à cette société coloniale –, mais qui furent appropriés par les Portugais et publiés des siècles plus tard, en 1967, dans le livre Histoire des Animaux et des Arbres du Maranhão, attribué à Cristóvão de Lisboa. Lui, à son tour, était um missionnaire portugais qui travailla dans le nord du Brésil quelques années après la fin de la France équinoxiale. Nous sommes partis des discussions sur la science, les rôles historiques et la nature faites par l’Histoire des Sciences, en dialogue avec l’Épistémologie Historique, l’Histoire des Animaux et l’Histoire Coloniale. Nous avons cherché à explorer les manières de connaître la nature et le rôle des animaux dans les traités français pour la constitution des connaissances naturelles sur le Maranhão au début de l’ère modern IX LISTA DE IMAGENS Figura 1-“toucan” In: THEVET, André. Les singularitez de la France antarctique [..]. à Paris: chez les heritiers de Maurice de La Porte, 1558...................................................................... 140 Figura 2-“toucan” In: BELON, Pierre. Illustrations de Portraits d'oiseaux, animaux, serpents, herbes, arbres, hommeset femmes d'Arabie et d'Egypte. à Paris, 1557.................................. 141 Figura 3- “toucan” In: PARÉ, Ambroise. Les oeuvres d'Ambroise Paré... divisées en vingt huit livres. Paris : G. Buon, 1585.................................................................................................... 141 Figura 4- “guarauna” In: LISBOA, Cristóvão. História dos animais e das árvores do Maranhão. Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino e Centro de Estudos Ultramarinos, Lisboa, 1967........................................................................................................................................ 154 Figura 5- “veado” In: LISBOA, Cristóvão. História dos animais e das árvores do Maranhão. Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino e Centro de Estudos Ultramarinos, Lisboa, 1967.................
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