DOCSLIB.ORG

Benefits and Risks of Imidacloprid-Based Management Programs for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Benefits and Risks of Imidacloprid-Based Management Programs for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2016 BENEFITS AND RISKS OF IMIDACLOPRID-BASED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID Elizabeth Paige Benton University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Entomology Commons, Forest Biology Commons, and the Forest Management Commons Recommended Citation Benton, Elizabeth Paige, "BENEFITS AND RISKS OF IMIDACLOPRID-BASED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2016. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3681 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Elizabeth Paige Benton entitled "BENEFITS AND RISKS OF IMIDACLOPRID-BASED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Entomology and Plant Pathology. Jerome F. Grant, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: R. Jesse Webster, Rebecca J. Nichols, Joseph Baile, John Schwartz Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) BENEFITS AND RISKS OF IMIDACLOPRID-BASED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Elizabeth Paige Benton May 2016 Copyright © 2015 by Elizabeth Paige Benton All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my family: Dan, Violet, and Russ Benton. This endeavor would not have been possible without their love, support, and sacrifice. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to everyone who has assisted me in completing this research project. I thank my advisor Dr. Jerome Grant for his guidance throughout this process and for providing me with opportunities to advance my education. I thank my committee members Jesse Webster, Dr. Becky Nichols, Dr. John Schwartz, and Dr. Joe Bailey for their guidance and mentoring during this project. I thank Dr. Rich Cowles, Dr. Anthony Lagalante, and Dr. Tom Mueller for assistance and guidance with pesticide chemical analyses and data interpretation. I thank Dr. Arnold Saxton and Dr. John McCreadie for their guidance with statistical analyses. I thank Dr. John Morse, Dr. Boris Kondratieff, Dr. Chuck Parker, and David Lenat for guidance with aquatic insect taxonomy. I thank Dr. Greg Wiggins, Dr. Carla Coots, and Renee Follum for guidance and support during this process. In addition, I thank the following people for assistance within the field and laboratory: Bryhana Adams, John Glafenhein, Phil Hensley, Ashley Lamb, Katheryn Nix, Forrest Salts, Bryson Scruggs, Scott Sherry, Derrick Turman, and numerous National Park Service personnel. I would also like to thank the National Park Service and the USDA Forest Service for funding. iv ABSTRACT Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (HWA) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), has caused widespread decline of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriére. This collaborative retrospective analysis with Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) provides research-based management guidance on imidacloprid treatments and nontarget risks to aquatic systems. Imidacloprid and olefin concentrations were assessed in foliage from different diameter at breast height (DBH) size hemlocks 4 – 7 yr post-imidacloprid treatment. Imidacloprid concentrations were below the LC50 [lethal concentration] for HWA, but olefin was above the LC50 4 yr post-treatment. HWA populations were suppressed, and hemlock canopies were healthy. Treatment efficacy can last up to 7 yr post-treatment. Hemlocks from the larger (61 and 76 cm) size classes generally had higher concentrations of imidacloprid and olefin. Concentration data from foliage of different size hemlocks were used to develop a model to optimize dosages based on tree diameter. Smaller (< 30 cm) and larger (> 63 cm) hemlocks can be given lower imidacloprid doses, while maintaining > 80% HWA mortality in hemlocks. Impacts to stream water quality and aquatic macroinvertebrates were assessed in ten streams in hemlock conservation areas. Water samples were collected upstream and downstream from conservation areas and in nearby control streams. Imidacloprid was present in seven downstream locations in concentrations from 28.5 to 379 ppt, which is below USEPA aquatic life benchmarks. Aquatic macroinvertebrate bioassessments were conducted at downstream and v upstream locations, and downstream baseline data were available. Diversity measures at downstream samples did not vary from those at upstream and baseline samples. Imidacloprid treatments did not negatively affect aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Imidacloprid treatments suppress HWA populations for up to 7 yr. Dosages can be optimized based on the DBH size of the hemlock. Imidacloprid risks to aquatic systems for this HWA management program were minimal and within USEPA benchmarks. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 Eastern Hemlock ......................................................................................................................... 2 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ........................................................................................................... 5 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Management ................................................................................... 10 Non-Target Risks ...................................................................................................................... 17 Great Smoky Mountains National Park HWA Management Program ..................................... 22 Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER II. ASSESSMENT OF IMIDACLOPRID AND ITS METABOLITES IN FOLIAGE OF EASTERN HEMLOCK MULTIPLE YEARS FOLLOWING TREATMENT FOR HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID, ADELGES TSUGAE, IN FORESTED CONDITIONS..... 25 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 26 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 27 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................. 32 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................. 41 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER III. ASSESSING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TREE DIAMETER AND LONG- TERM PERSISTENCE OF IMIDACLOPRID AND OLEFIN TO OPTIMIZE IMIDACLOPRID TREATMENTS OF EASTERN HEMLOCK .............................................................................. 54 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 55 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 56 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................. 59 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 66 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 80 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 85 CHAPTER IV. HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID ABUNDANCE AND HEMLOCK CANOPY HEALTH NUMEROUS YEARS AFTER IMIDACLOPRID BASAL DRENCH TREATMENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ............................... 87 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 88 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 89 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................. 92 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................. 97 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 113 CHAPTER V. ASSESSMENT OF IMIDACLOPRID TREATMENTS FOR HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID ON STREAM WATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS .....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Factors Affecting Establishment of Biological Control Agents of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Eastern Hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2013 Assessment of Factors Affecting Establishment of Biological Control Agents of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Eastern Hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Abdul Hakeem [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Hakeem, Abdul, "Assessment of Factors Affecting Establishment of Biological Control Agents of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Eastern Hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1729 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Abdul Hakeem entitled "Assessment of Factors Affecting Establishment of Biological Control Agents of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Eastern Hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Plants, Soils, and Insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Ecology and Genetics of Potential Natural Enemies of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Arielle Arsenault University of Vermont
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2013 Behavioral Ecology and Genetics of Potential Natural Enemies of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Arielle Arsenault University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Recommended Citation Arsenault, Arielle, "Behavioral Ecology and Genetics of Potential Natural Enemies of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid" (2013). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 10. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/10 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND GENETICS OF POTENTIAL NATURAL ENEMIES OF HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID A Thesis Presented by Arielle L. Arsenault to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Specializing in Natural Resources October, 2013 Accepted by the Faculty of the Graduate College, The University of Vermont, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, specializing in Natural Resources. Thesis Examination Committee: ____________________________________________Advisor Kimberly F. Wallin, Ph.D. ___________________________________________ Jon D. Erickson, Ph.D. ____________________________________________Chairperson Lori Stevens, Ph.D ____________________________________________Dean, Graduate College Dominico Grasso, Ph.D. June 26, 2013 ABSTRACT Eastern and Carolina hemlock in the eastern United States are experiencing high mortality due to the invasive non-native hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA). The most promising means of control of HWA is the importation of natural enemies from the native range of HWA for classical biological control.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Georgia
    ASSESSMENT OF SASAJISCYMNUS TSUGAE, SCYMNUS SINUANODULUS, AND LARICOBIUS NIGRINUS: PREDATOR BEETLES RELEASED TO CONTROL THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID IN GEORGIA by CERA ELIZABETH JONES (Under the Direction of James L. Hanula) ABSTRACT Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, and Carolina hemlock, Tsuga caroliniana, are being threatened by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae. Adelges tsugae, is currently found throughout most of the range of T. canadensis and the entire range of T. caroliniana and arrived in Georgia in 2003. In an attempt to preserve the hemlocks, biological control predatory beetles Sasajiscymnus tsugae, Laricobius nigrinus, and Scymnus sinuanodulus are being mass reared and released. The objectives considered in this research are to: 1. Determine establishment of these biological control agents in the North Georgia mountains. 2. To determine aestivation survival and time of emergence of L. nigrinus. INDEX WORDS: Adelges tsugae, Sasajiscymnus tsugae, Laricobius nigrinus, Scymnus sinuanodulus, Tsuga canadensis, Tsuga caroliniana, biological control, emergence, recovery, establishment, aestivation ASSESSING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SASAJISCYMNUS TSUGAE, SCYMNUS SINUANODULUS, AND LARICOBIUS NIGRINUS: PREDATOR BEETLES RELEASED TO CONTROL THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID IN GEORGIA by CERA ELIZABETH JONES B.S., Baldwin-Wallace College, 2006 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2013 © 2013 Cera Elizabeth Jones All Rights Reserved ASSESSING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SASAJISCYMNUS TSUGAE, SCYMNUS SINUANODULUS, AND LARICOBIUS NIGRINUS: PREDATOR BEETLES RELEASED TO CONTROL THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID IN GEORGIA by CERA ELIZABETH JONES Major Professor: James L. Hanula Committee: S. Kristine Braman Kamal Gandhi Electronic Version Approved Maureen Grasso Dean of Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to especially thank my advisor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0263516 A1 CYR (43) Pub
    US 20090263516A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0263516 A1 CYR (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 22, 2009 (54) PLANT EXTRACT COMPOSITION AND Publication Classification THEIR USE TO MODULATE CELLULAR (51) Int. Cl. ACTIVITY A636/8962 (2006.01) A636/00 (2006.01) (75) Inventor: Benoit CYR, St. Augustin de A6IP35/00 (2006.01) Desmaures (CA) CI2N 5/06 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A6IR 36/3 (2006.01) SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON A 6LX 36/899 (2006.01) LLP (52) U.S. Cl. ......... 424/754; 424/725; 435/375; 424/774; 990 Marsh Road 424/779; 424/755; 424/750; 424/777 Menlo Park, CA 94025 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: Biopharmacopae Design Extracts from plant material, or semi-purified/purified mol International Inc., Saint-Foy (CA) ecules or compounds prepared from the extracts that demon strate the ability to modulate one or more cellular activities (21) Appl. No.: 12/263,114 are provided. The extracts are capable of slowing down, inhibiting or preventing cell migration, for example, the (22) Filed: Oct. 31, 2008 migration of endothelial cells or neoplastic cells and thus, the use of the extracts to slow down, inhibit or prevent abnormal Related U.S. Application Data cell migration in an animal is also provided. Methods of selecting and preparing the plant extracts and methods of (63) Continuation of application No. 10/526,387, filed on screening the extracts to determine their ability to modulate Oct. 6, 2005, now abandoned, filed as application No. one or more cellular activity are described. The purification or PCT/CA03/01284 on Sep.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens
    AgroSMART 2019 International scientific and practical conference ``AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture'' Volume 2019 Conference Paper Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens: The Collection of Pinaceae Representatives in the Greenhouses of Peter the Great Botanical Garden (BIN RAN) E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva Department of Botanical garden, BIN RAN, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Abstract The work researches the role of botanical gardens in biodiversity conservation. It cites the total number of rare and endangered plants in the greenhouse collection of Peter the Great Botanical garden (BIN RAN). The greenhouse collection of Pinaceae representatives has been analysed, provided with a short description of family, genus and certain species, presented in the collection. The article highlights the importance of Pinaceae for various industries, decorative value of plants of this group, the worth of the pinaceous as having environment-improving properties. In Corresponding Author: the greenhouses there are 37 species of Pinaceae, of 7 geni, all species have a E M Arnautova conservation status: CR -- 2 species, EN -- 3 species, VU- 3 species, NT -- 4 species, LC [email protected] -- 25 species. For most species it is indicated what causes depletion. Most often it is Received: 25 October 2019 the destruction of natural habitats, uncontrolled clearance, insect invasion and diseases. Accepted: 15 November 2019 Published: 25 November 2019 Keywords: biodiversity, botanical gardens, collections of tropical and subtropical plants, Pinaceae plants, conservation status Publishing services provided by Knowledge E E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons 1. Introduction Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and Nowadays research of biodiversity is believed to be one of the overarching goals for redistribution provided that the original author and source are the modern world.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Multiple Methodologies to Understand Within Species Variability of Adelges and Pineus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) Tav Aronowitz University of Vermont
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2017 Using Multiple Methodologies to Understand within Species Variability of Adelges and Pineus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) Tav Aronowitz University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Aronowitz, Tav, "Using Multiple Methodologies to Understand within Species Variability of Adelges and Pineus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)" (2017). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 713. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/713 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USING MULTIPLE METHODOLOGIES TO UNDERSTAND WITHIN SPECIES VARIABILITY OF ADELGES AND PINEUS (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA) A Thesis Presented by Tav (Hanna) Aronowitz to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Specializing in Natural Resources May, 2017 Defense Date: March 6, 2016 Thesis Examination Committee: Kimberly Wallin, Ph.D., Advisor Ingi Agnarsson, Ph.D., Chairperson James D. Murdoch, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT The species of two genera in Insecta: Hemiptera: Adelgidae were investigated through the lenses of genetics, morphology, life cycle and host species. The systematics are unclear due to complex life cycles, including multigenerational polymorphism, host switching and cyclical parthenogenesis. I studied the hemlock adelgids, including the nonnative invasive hemlock woolly adelgid on the east coast of the United States, that are currently viewed as a single species.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation and Status of Biological Control of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
    Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control IMPLEMENTATION AND STAtuS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTRol OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY AdelgId United States Forest Forest Health FHTET-2011-04 Department Service Technology December 2011 of Agriculture Enterprise Team Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control IMPLEMENTATION AND STAtuS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTRol OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY AdelgId United States Forest Forest Health FHTET-2011-04 Department Service Technology December 2011 of Agriculture Enterprise Team IMPLEMENTATION AND STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID The Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Center photo: Hemlock woolly adelgid white woolly masses on a hemlock branch (USDA Forest Service, Karen Felton) Top right: Sasajiscymnus tsugae predatory beetle (USDA Forest Service, Lynn Jones); Middle right: Collecting and checking hemlock branch samples for Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetle larvae (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Bottom center: Collecting Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetles in Idaho (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Middle left: Releasing Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetles (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Top left: Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetle (USDA Forest Service, Lynn Jones) For additional copies of this publication, contact: Brad Onken Richard Reardon U.S. Forest Service U.S. Forest Service 180 Canfi eld Street 180 Canfi eld Street Morgantown, WV 26505 Morgantown, WV 26505 (304) 285-1546 (304) 285-1566 [email protected] [email protected] The entire publication is available online at http://www.fs.fed.us/na/morgantown/fhp/hwa The U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Derodontidae
    World catalogue of the family Derodontidae (Coleoptera) Jiří Háva Prague-west, Czech Republic 2018 The Catalogue is actualized version of published author´s catalogue Háva (2006). List of collections Acronyms of collections follow when possible Arnet et al. (1993). ANIC Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia APUC private collection of Andreas Pütz, Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany BMNH British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom EUMJ Entomological Laboratory, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary IZAS Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China JHAC Private Entomological Laboratory and Collection, Jiří Háva, Praha, Czech Republic KMFC K. M. Fender collection, McMinnville, Oregon, Canada MCZC Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts MFNB Museum für Naturkunde (Humboldt), Berlin, Germany MHNG Muséum d´Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland MNHN Museum d´Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France NIGP Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, Nanjing, China NMBS Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland NMNS National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan NMPC National Muzeum Praha, Czech Republic NSMT National Science Museum Natural History, Tokyo, Japan NZAC New Zealand Arthropod collection, Auckland, New Zealand OMNH Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan SANT Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile SMNS Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany ZMUM Zoological Museum, University of Moscow, Russia 1 CATALOGUE OF ALL KNOWN SPECIES Family: DERODONTIDAE Syn.: Laricobiidae Ganglbauer, 1899 Peltasticidae LeConte, 1861 Subfamily: Derodontinae LeConte, 1861 genus: Derodontus LeConte, 1861 Type species: Cryptophagus maculatus Melsheimer, 1844 Syn.: Mycetonychus Frivaldszky, 1865:192 - Type species: Corticaria macularis Fuss, 1850 List of species 1. Derodontus esotericus Lawrence in Lawrence & Hlavac, 1979 - Derodontus esotericus Lawrence in Lawrence & Hlavac, 1979:403.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Data and Biological Data for Algae, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish from Selected Reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers, Nevada and California, 1993–97
    U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Physical Data and Biological Data for Algae, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish from Selected Reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers, Nevada and California, 1993–97 Open-File Report 02–012 Prepared as part of the NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Physical Data and Biological Data for Algae, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish from Selected Reaches on the Carson and Truckee Rivers, Nevada and California, 1993–97 By Stephen J. Lawrence and Ralph L. Seiler Open-File Report 02–012 Prepared as part of the NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Carson City, Nevada 2002 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government For additional information contact: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services 333 West Nye Lane, Room 203 Building 810 Carson City, NV 89706–0866 Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225–0286 email: [email protected] http://nevada.usgs.gov CONTENTS Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of a Forest Fire Upon the Benthic Community of a Mountain Stream in Northeast Idaho
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1977 Effects of a forest fire upon the benthic community of a mountain stream in northeast Idaho Deborah Cynthia Stefan The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Stefan, Deborah Cynthia, "Effects of a forest fire upon the benthic community of a mountain stream in northeast Idaho" (1977). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6924. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6924 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF A FOREST FIRE UPON THE BENTHIC COMMUNITY OF A MOUNTAIN STREAM IN NORTHEAST IDAHO By g Deborah C. Stefan zo B.S., The Pennsylvania State University, 1971 § y Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of c Ui < Master of Arts m •g UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA S 1977 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners yT p44 f De^, Graduate School 3y... Jf22. Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: EP37725 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
    United States Department of Agriculture TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Non-native Pest BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID Nathan P. Havill Lígia C. Vieira Scott M. Salom Forest Health Technology FHTET-2014-05 Enterprise Team Revised June 2016 The Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Background image: Hemlock mortality, Jason Van Driesche, Bugwood.org Bottom left to right: HWA white ovisacs on eastern hemlock branch , Scott M. Salom, Virginia Tech; Sajiscymus tsugae, Carol Cheah, Bugwood.org; Laricobius osakensis, Ligia C. Vieira, Virginia Tech. CAUTION: PESTICIDES Pesticide Precautionary Statement This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommen- dations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been regis- tered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife--if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. In accordance with Federal
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 97/Thursday, May 20, 2010/Notices
    28232 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 97 / Thursday, May 20, 2010 / Notices www.regulations.gov. All comments essential to carry out the intent of the Dated: May 14, 2010. should reference the docket number and Acts and to provide the cotton industry David R. Shipman, page number of this issue of the Federal the type of information they need to Acting Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Register. All comments received will be make sound business decisions. The Service. made available for public inspection at information collected is the minimum [FR Doc. 2010–12032 Filed 5–19–10; 8:45 am] http://www.regulations.gov or at the required. Information is requested from BILLING CODE 3410–02–P Cotton and Tobacco Programs, AMS, growers, cooperatives, merchants, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave., SW., manufacturers, and other government Room 2637–S, Washington, DC 20250 agencies. This includes information on DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE during regular business hours. cotton, cottonseed and cotton linters. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: The information collected is used Animal and Plant Health Inspection Shethir Riva, Chief, Research and only by authorized employees of the Service Promotion, Cotton and Tobacco USDA, AMS. The cotton industry is the [Docket No. APHIS-2010-0029] Programs, Agricultural Marketing primary user of the compiled Service, USDA, 1400 Independence information and AMS and other Availability of an Environmental Ave., SW., Room 2637–S, Washington, government agencies are secondary Assessment for a Biological Control DC 20250–0224, telephone (202) 720– users. Agent for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid 3193, facsimile (202) 690–1718, or e- Estimate of Burden: Public reporting mail at [email protected].
    [Show full text]